The Experts below are selected from a list of 168 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yaoke Wen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cavity dynamics in 10 wt gelatin penetration of Rifle Bullet
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Susu Liu, Shu Wang, Yaoke Wen, Jingling Zhou, Xinkai ZhouAbstract:Abstract In wound ballistics, modeling the penetration-cavitation dynamics will set the basis for evaluating the damaging efficiency of projectiles. In our previous study, a motion model to characterize the behavior of Rifle Bullets has been established and verified in the gelatin penetration. In order to reveal the cavity production analytically, in combination with parameters obtained from the motion model of Rifle Bullet, cavity dynamics in gelatin was studied and a motion model of temporary cavity in gelatin penetrations of Rifle Bullets was proposed and verified by comparison with experimental results in terms of maximum cavity wall radius, radial movement along the penetration trajectory and temporary cavity profiles. It can be concluded that calculated results of the cavity motion model agree well with experiment data for penetration of 7.62 mm and 5.56 mm Rifle Bullets. And the radial movement of cavity can be characterized by the behavior of Bullet and the characteristic velocity. It is significant for the trauma assessment to develop an appropriate cavitation model in gelatin for penetrations of Rifle Bullet.
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Cavity dynamics in 10 wt% gelatin penetration of Rifle Bullet
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Susu Liu, Shu Wang, Yaoke Wen, Jingling Zhou, Xinkai ZhouAbstract:Abstract In wound ballistics, modeling the penetration-cavitation dynamics will set the basis for evaluating the damaging efficiency of projectiles. In our previous study, a motion model to characterize the behavior of Rifle Bullets has been established and verified in the gelatin penetration. In order to reveal the cavity production analytically, in combination with parameters obtained from the motion model of Rifle Bullet, cavity dynamics in gelatin was studied and a motion model of temporary cavity in gelatin penetrations of Rifle Bullets was proposed and verified by comparison with experimental results in terms of maximum cavity wall radius, radial movement along the penetration trajectory and temporary cavity profiles. It can be concluded that calculated results of the cavity motion model agree well with experiment data for penetration of 7.62 mm and 5.56 mm Rifle Bullets. And the radial movement of cavity can be characterized by the behavior of Bullet and the characteristic velocity. It is significant for the trauma assessment to develop an appropriate cavitation model in gelatin for penetrations of Rifle Bullet.
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Numerical Analysis of Rifle Bullet Impact Armor Covered Human Torso
30th International Symposium on Ballistics, 2017Co-Authors: Yaoke Wen, Junbin ZhangAbstract:To study the behind armor ballistic trauma (BABT), a finite element model of human torso has been developed based on the CT data of a Chinese adult man. The model consists of organs system (heart, lungs, liver and stomach), skeleton system (sternum, costicartilage, ribs and spine), mediastinum and skin. The experiments of Rifle Bullet penetrating ceramic/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) laminate composite body armor combined with soft body armor were conducted to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. The skeletal structure was assumed to be linear-elastic while all internal organs were modeled as viscoelastic. The impact responses of armor covered human torso under the penetration of Rifle Bullet at different impact point were conducted numerically. The pressure time histories of heart, lung, liver, stomach were obtained. Furthermore, the contours of von Mises stress in the skin, thoracic cage and internal organs were also analyzed. The numeric model provides an effective method to study internal organ injuries and design better vests under non-penetrating ballistic impact.
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Rifle Bullet penetration into ballistic gelatin
Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 2016Co-Authors: Yaoke Wen, Yongxi Jin, Romesh C. BatraAbstract:The penetration of a Rifle Bullet into a block of ballistic gelatin is experimentally and computationally studied for enhancing our understanding of the damage caused to human soft tissues. The gelatin is modeled as an isotropic and homogeneous elastic-plastic linearly strain-hardening material that obeys a polynomial equation of state. Effects of numerical uncertainties on penetration characteristics are found by repeating simulations with minute variations in the impact speed and the angle of attack. The temporary cavity formed in the gelatin and seen in pictures taken by two high speed cameras is found to compare well with the computed one. The computed time histories of the hydrostatic pressure at points situated 60 mm above the line of impact are found to have "two peaks", one due to the Bullet impact and the other due to the Bullet tumbling. Contours of the von Mises stress and of the effective plastic strain in the gelatin block imply that a very small region adjacent to the cavity surface is plastically deformed. The angle of attack is found to noticeably affect the penetration depth at the instant of the Bullet tumbling through 90°.
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The experimental and numerical study of indirect effect of a Rifle Bullet on the bone.
Forensic science international, 2015Co-Authors: Xiaoyun Zhang, Yaoke Wen, Shaomin LuoAbstract:We study the transient indirect effect of a Rifle Bullet on bone in the gelatin-bone composite target experimentally and computationally. The process of a 56 type 7.62-mm Rifle Bullet penetrating the composite target has been simulated using numerical method. The experiment provided the criteria for verifying the correctness of the numerical model. We have obtained tomographic data of bone by CT scans, and also defined the bone as different layers by the gray scale to simulate its heterogeneity. The computed results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Effects of the impact velocity and bone location on damage caused to the composite target have also been studied. The numerical results imply the follows: When the velocity of Bullet increases, the stress on bone also increases with the earlier pressure peak; When the bone is located in a certain distance from the trajectory, it will not be fractured, although it is affected by the stress wave.
Xinkai Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cavity dynamics in 10 wt gelatin penetration of Rifle Bullet
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Susu Liu, Shu Wang, Yaoke Wen, Jingling Zhou, Xinkai ZhouAbstract:Abstract In wound ballistics, modeling the penetration-cavitation dynamics will set the basis for evaluating the damaging efficiency of projectiles. In our previous study, a motion model to characterize the behavior of Rifle Bullets has been established and verified in the gelatin penetration. In order to reveal the cavity production analytically, in combination with parameters obtained from the motion model of Rifle Bullet, cavity dynamics in gelatin was studied and a motion model of temporary cavity in gelatin penetrations of Rifle Bullets was proposed and verified by comparison with experimental results in terms of maximum cavity wall radius, radial movement along the penetration trajectory and temporary cavity profiles. It can be concluded that calculated results of the cavity motion model agree well with experiment data for penetration of 7.62 mm and 5.56 mm Rifle Bullets. And the radial movement of cavity can be characterized by the behavior of Bullet and the characteristic velocity. It is significant for the trauma assessment to develop an appropriate cavitation model in gelatin for penetrations of Rifle Bullet.
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Cavity dynamics in 10 wt% gelatin penetration of Rifle Bullet
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Susu Liu, Shu Wang, Yaoke Wen, Jingling Zhou, Xinkai ZhouAbstract:Abstract In wound ballistics, modeling the penetration-cavitation dynamics will set the basis for evaluating the damaging efficiency of projectiles. In our previous study, a motion model to characterize the behavior of Rifle Bullets has been established and verified in the gelatin penetration. In order to reveal the cavity production analytically, in combination with parameters obtained from the motion model of Rifle Bullet, cavity dynamics in gelatin was studied and a motion model of temporary cavity in gelatin penetrations of Rifle Bullets was proposed and verified by comparison with experimental results in terms of maximum cavity wall radius, radial movement along the penetration trajectory and temporary cavity profiles. It can be concluded that calculated results of the cavity motion model agree well with experiment data for penetration of 7.62 mm and 5.56 mm Rifle Bullets. And the radial movement of cavity can be characterized by the behavior of Bullet and the characteristic velocity. It is significant for the trauma assessment to develop an appropriate cavitation model in gelatin for penetrations of Rifle Bullet.
Susu Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cavity dynamics in 10 wt gelatin penetration of Rifle Bullet
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Susu Liu, Shu Wang, Yaoke Wen, Jingling Zhou, Xinkai ZhouAbstract:Abstract In wound ballistics, modeling the penetration-cavitation dynamics will set the basis for evaluating the damaging efficiency of projectiles. In our previous study, a motion model to characterize the behavior of Rifle Bullets has been established and verified in the gelatin penetration. In order to reveal the cavity production analytically, in combination with parameters obtained from the motion model of Rifle Bullet, cavity dynamics in gelatin was studied and a motion model of temporary cavity in gelatin penetrations of Rifle Bullets was proposed and verified by comparison with experimental results in terms of maximum cavity wall radius, radial movement along the penetration trajectory and temporary cavity profiles. It can be concluded that calculated results of the cavity motion model agree well with experiment data for penetration of 7.62 mm and 5.56 mm Rifle Bullets. And the radial movement of cavity can be characterized by the behavior of Bullet and the characteristic velocity. It is significant for the trauma assessment to develop an appropriate cavitation model in gelatin for penetrations of Rifle Bullet.
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Cavity dynamics in 10 wt% gelatin penetration of Rifle Bullet
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Susu Liu, Shu Wang, Yaoke Wen, Jingling Zhou, Xinkai ZhouAbstract:Abstract In wound ballistics, modeling the penetration-cavitation dynamics will set the basis for evaluating the damaging efficiency of projectiles. In our previous study, a motion model to characterize the behavior of Rifle Bullets has been established and verified in the gelatin penetration. In order to reveal the cavity production analytically, in combination with parameters obtained from the motion model of Rifle Bullet, cavity dynamics in gelatin was studied and a motion model of temporary cavity in gelatin penetrations of Rifle Bullets was proposed and verified by comparison with experimental results in terms of maximum cavity wall radius, radial movement along the penetration trajectory and temporary cavity profiles. It can be concluded that calculated results of the cavity motion model agree well with experiment data for penetration of 7.62 mm and 5.56 mm Rifle Bullets. And the radial movement of cavity can be characterized by the behavior of Bullet and the characteristic velocity. It is significant for the trauma assessment to develop an appropriate cavitation model in gelatin for penetrations of Rifle Bullet.
Shu Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental study of transient pressure wave in the behind armor blunt trauma induced by different Rifle Bullets
Defence Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Rui-guo Han, Shu Wang, Wen-min Yan, Bin Qin, Jian-zhong WangAbstract:Abstract Pressure wave plays an important role in the occurrence of behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), and ballistic gelatin is widely used as a surrogate of biological tissue in the research of BABT. Comparison of pressure wave in the gelatin behind armor for different Rifle Bullets is lacking. The aim of this study was to observe dynamic changes in pressure wave induced by ballistic blunt impact on the armored gelatin block and to compare the effects of Bullet type on the parameters of the transient pressure wave. The gelatin blocks protected with National Institute of Justice (NIJ) class III Bulletproof armor were shot by three types of Rifle Bullet with the same level of impact energy. The transient pressure signals at five locations were recorded with pressure sensors and three parameters (maximum pressure, maximum pressure impulse, and the duration of the first positive phase) were determined and discussed. The results indicated that the waveform and the twin peak of transient pressure wave were not related to the Bullet type. However, the values of pressure wave’s parameters were significantly affected by Bullet type. Additionally, the attenuation of pressure amplitude followed the similar law for the three ammunitions. These findings may be helpful to get some insight in the BABT and improve the structure design of Bullet.
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Experimental Study on the Performance of Projectiles Penetrating Multilayer Laminated Glass
31st International Symposium on Ballistics, 2019Co-Authors: Bin Qin, Shu Wang, Pengxiang ChenAbstract:Study on the mechanical properties and protective mechanism of multi-layer laminated glass under the penetration of 7.62mm Rifle Bullet. Comparison on the effects of different thickness polycarbonate PC and glass on the ballistic glass anti-elasticity by the experimental study on the penetration of laminated glass by 7.62mm Rifle Bullet. Meanwhile analysis the lightweight of Bulletproof glass. The results show the PC material can effectively improve the performance of Bulletproof glass with the same quality. The front PC can effectively suppress crack propagation and prevent extensive damage to the glass and the crater is smaller. The more layer in the number of Bulletproof glass is beneficial to its anti-ballistic effect.
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Numerical Research on the In-Bore Process of Rifle Bullet
31st International Symposium on Ballistics, 2019Co-Authors: Yongxi Jin, Guanghua Wang, Shu WangAbstract:In order to analysis the dynamic response of Bullet and barrel during the in-bore process, Bullet base pressure was calculated by interior ballistic theory, and numerical model of Bullet in-bore process was established，the numerical model was validated by experimental results, which include muzzle velocity, spin velocity, width and depth of engraved Bullet vestige, the maximum difference between the numerical and experimental results is 5.88%. The engraving process and engraved vestige on Bullet, the changing of stress in Bullet and barrel, and also the changing of temperature in Bullet jacket were calculated, the study indicated that in engraving process, the maximum plastic strain in Bullet engraved vestige is at right, and the maximum von-mise stress in rifling is at left, the left of rifling produced major contribution of the spin motion. The internal energy of jacket increased due to plastic deformation and friction at engraving process, which is 79.8% versus all internal energy increased, the other process is 20.2% and originates in friction mainly. After in-bore process, at Bullet engraved vestige, the maximum temperature changing is reach to 235K, and the changing at other region is about 40K.
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cavity dynamics in 10 wt gelatin penetration of Rifle Bullet
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Susu Liu, Shu Wang, Yaoke Wen, Jingling Zhou, Xinkai ZhouAbstract:Abstract In wound ballistics, modeling the penetration-cavitation dynamics will set the basis for evaluating the damaging efficiency of projectiles. In our previous study, a motion model to characterize the behavior of Rifle Bullets has been established and verified in the gelatin penetration. In order to reveal the cavity production analytically, in combination with parameters obtained from the motion model of Rifle Bullet, cavity dynamics in gelatin was studied and a motion model of temporary cavity in gelatin penetrations of Rifle Bullets was proposed and verified by comparison with experimental results in terms of maximum cavity wall radius, radial movement along the penetration trajectory and temporary cavity profiles. It can be concluded that calculated results of the cavity motion model agree well with experiment data for penetration of 7.62 mm and 5.56 mm Rifle Bullets. And the radial movement of cavity can be characterized by the behavior of Bullet and the characteristic velocity. It is significant for the trauma assessment to develop an appropriate cavitation model in gelatin for penetrations of Rifle Bullet.
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Cavity dynamics in 10 wt% gelatin penetration of Rifle Bullet
International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Susu Liu, Shu Wang, Yaoke Wen, Jingling Zhou, Xinkai ZhouAbstract:Abstract In wound ballistics, modeling the penetration-cavitation dynamics will set the basis for evaluating the damaging efficiency of projectiles. In our previous study, a motion model to characterize the behavior of Rifle Bullets has been established and verified in the gelatin penetration. In order to reveal the cavity production analytically, in combination with parameters obtained from the motion model of Rifle Bullet, cavity dynamics in gelatin was studied and a motion model of temporary cavity in gelatin penetrations of Rifle Bullets was proposed and verified by comparison with experimental results in terms of maximum cavity wall radius, radial movement along the penetration trajectory and temporary cavity profiles. It can be concluded that calculated results of the cavity motion model agree well with experiment data for penetration of 7.62 mm and 5.56 mm Rifle Bullets. And the radial movement of cavity can be characterized by the behavior of Bullet and the characteristic velocity. It is significant for the trauma assessment to develop an appropriate cavitation model in gelatin for penetrations of Rifle Bullet.
Maxim V Barkov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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3d dynamics and morphology of bow shock pulsar wind nebulae
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2019Co-Authors: Maxim V Barkov, Maxim Lyutikov, D KhangulyanAbstract:Bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) show a variety of morphological shapes. We attribute these variations to the intrinsic properties (relative orientation of the pulsar's spin, velocity, and magnetic inclination angle) - as well as the line of sight. We identify three basic types of bow-shock nebulae: (i) a "Rifle Bullet" (spin and velocity aligned); (ii) a "frisbee" (spin and velocity orthogonal, spin is in the plane of the sky) and (iii) a "cart-wheel" (like frisbee but the spin is perpendicular to the plane of the sky). Using 3D relativistic MHD simulations, as well as analytical calculations, we reproduce both the key morphological features of the bowshock PNEs, as well as variations are seen in different systems. Magnetic stresses within the pulsar wind strongly affect the overall structure, producing "whiskers", "tails", "filled-in" and "mushroom" shapes, non-symmetric shapes etc. On the other hand, the ISM inhomogeneities, as well as the anisotropy of the wind luminosity, produce only mild variations of the PWN shape. In few cases we clearly identify the morphological structure - our results do not favor alignment of the pulsar spin and linear velocity. Our calculations of the underlying radiative process explain low synchrotron $X$-ray efficiency (in terms of the spin-down luminosity) and argue for energetically subdominant contribution of the IC processes.
