The Experts below are selected from a list of 324180 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nsongurua J Udombana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the third world and the Right to Development agenda for the next millennium
Human Rights Quarterly, 2000Co-Authors: Nsongurua J UdombanaAbstract:It is no longer news that countries of the Third World are in a state of emergency. They are waging war against poverty, disease, and all the other evils that have plagued our generation. The war appears not to have abated, although some battles have been won. There has been some measure of progress within the last few decades. In some countries of the world, "Berlin walls" have been torn down-real walls and walls of the mind. However, in many other parts of the world, particularly the Third World, walls still remain. There are walls of power and poverty. There are walls that deprive people of their most basic Rights. There are walls that divide societies between those who have and those who have not, between those who rule
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the third world and the Right to Development agenda for the next millennium
Social Science Research Network, 2000Co-Authors: Nsongurua J UdombanaAbstract:The Article examines the concept of the Right to Development in the context of the Third World. The Article examines how developing countries, in particular, can balance economic growth with basic human needs and human Rights, It also considers the consequences for the new millenniun of the near universal embrace of market economy and the effects of globalization on developing country economies and on human Rights.
Berihun Adugna Gebeye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unsustain the sustainable: An evaluation of the legal and policy interventions for pastoral Development in Ethiopia
Pastoralism, 2016Co-Authors: Berihun Adugna GebeyeAbstract:This article is a critical appraisal of the legal and policy interventions for pastoral Development in Ethiopia under the Imperial, Derg and Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) governments. Based on an extensive review of pastoral policies, laws and practices, it is found that the legal and policy interventions are not pastoral sensitive, and accordingly, they have been unable to bring the desired result. Moreover, they have created pressure on the pastoralists and the pastoral economy, as they do not consider pastoralism as a viable system. In particular, the policy of settlement poses a challenge to the very system of pastoralism, and threatens the pastoral culture, social institutions and identity. This article argues that Ethiopian pastoralists have a Right to Development in the manner that advances the enforcement of their human Rights, and the Ethiopian state assumes a legal obligation to undertake pastoral Development consistent with human Rights-based approach. The article calls for the (re)consideration of the legal and policy interventions in line with international human Rights standards, the bill of Rights and the National Policy Principles and Objectives of the Ethiopian Federal Democratic Republic Constitution. Pursuing pastoral Development based on agrarian and flawed assumptions not only affects the pastoral system, but also the continuous viability of pastoralists - for it makes the sustainable pastoral way of life unsustainable.
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unsustain the sustainable an evaluation of the legal and policy interventions for pastoral Development in ethiopia
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Berihun Adugna GebeyeAbstract:This article is a critical appraisal of the legal and policy interventions for pastoral Development in Ethiopia under the Imperial, Derg and Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) governments. Based on an extensive review of pastoral policies, laws and practices, it is found that the legal and policy interventions are not pastoral sensitive, and accordingly, they have been unable to bring the desired result. Moreover, they have created pressure on the pastoralists and the pastoral economy, as they do not consider pastoralism as a viable system. In particular, their settlement vision poses a challenge to the very system of pastoralism, and it threatens the pastoral culture, social institutions and identity. This article argues that Ethiopian pastoralists have a Right to Development in the manner that advances the enforcement of their human Rights, and the Ethiopian state assumes a legal obligation to undertake pastoral Development consistent with human Rights based approach. It calls for the (re)consideration of the legal and policy interventions in line with international human Rights standards, the bill of Rights and the National Policy Principles and Objectives of the Ethiopian Federal Democratic Republic Constitution. Pursuing pastoral Development based on agrarian and flawed assumptions not only affects the pastoral system, but also the continuous viability of pastoralists -- for it makes the sustainable pastoral way of life unsustainable.
Annette Prussustun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessing household solid fuel use multiple implications for the millennium Development goals
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Eva Rehfuess, Sumi Mehta, Annette PrussustunAbstract:In September 2000, the largestever gathering of heads of state at the United Nations in New York committed themselves in the Millennium Development Declaration (United Nations 2000) to making the Right to Development a reality for everyone by the year 2015. The objective of this declaration is to promote a comprehensive approach and a coordinated strategy, tackling many problems simultaneously across a broad front. All 191 member states of the United Nations affirmed that they would “… spare no effort to free our fellow men, women and children from the abject and dehumanizing conditions of extreme poverty, to which more than a billion of them are currently subjected.” (United Nations 2000). to help track progress, a set of eight time-bound and measurable goals for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women were defined (United Nations 2005a): Goal 1, eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2, achieve universal primary education Goal 3, promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4, reduce child mortality Goal 5, improve maternal health Goal 6, combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7, ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8, develop a global partnership for Development. Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7 aims to ensure environmental sustainability, based on the notion that human survival and prosperity critically depend on the sensible use of natural resources and the protection of complex ecosystems. Yet this foundation of our existence is threatened by alarming rates of land degradation and a changing climate. Environmental degradation has disproportionate impacts on the poor, who often rely on the natural resources in their immediate surroundings for their day-to-day subsistence and livelihood. Worldwide, 2.4 billion people continue to depend on biomass fuels (wood, dung, agricultural residues) to be able to meet their basic energy needs for cooking, boiling water, lighting and, depending on climatic conditions, space-heating [International Energy Agency (IEA) and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2004]. The reliance on wood for fuel can put considerable pressure on forests, particularly in areas where biomass is scarce and the demand for wood outweighs natural regrowth. Depending on the environmental context, deforestation is a driving force for land degradation and desertification. During the 1990s, forest plantations rendered unproductive because of illegal cutting of wood for cooking use were a common sight in China and among the main driving forces for the establishment of the Chinese National Improved Stoves Programme (Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme 1996). In addition, because biomass fuels are most commonly burnt in open fires or inefficient traditional stoves, a large percentage of the fuel energy is lost as products of incomplete combustion. These include potent greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen dioxide (Edwards et al. 2004; Smith et al. 2000b). In addition, coal use for cooking and heating is still widespread in some countries, China in particular. Consequently, the proportion of the population using solid fuels for cooking is one of the indicators reported to assess progress towards MDG 7. The World Health Organization (WHO) is the agency responsible for reporting this indicator. In this article, we present the results of the first comprehensive assessment of household solid-fuel use on a country-by-country basis, and we argue that curbing indoor air pollution from solid fuels can make a substantial contribution to reducing child mortality (MDG 4) and improving maternal health (MDG 5). We also discuss the implications of our findings in the context of achieving the MDGs at large.
Stjernquist Desatnik Marie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy Access for the Most Vulnerable Groups : A Study on the Long-Term Effects of Energy Access in a Refugee Camp Context with Inclusion of the Host Community
KTH Energiteknik, 2019Co-Authors: Stjernquist Desatnik MarieAbstract:The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines 17 goals to end poverty and ensure the Right to Development for everyone. Previous research has found that 2/3 of the goals partly depend their success upon whether SDG 7 Ensure access to sustainable, affordable and modern energy for all is achieved or not. Given that the Agenda targets everyone it cannot be achieved without reaching the most vulnerable groups, among these groups are migrants, refugees and those internally displaced. Low- and middle-income countries host 84% of this group. Almost 30% of refugees live in managed camp settings and it has been estimated that 80% of these have minimal or no access to electricity. For cooking needs a majority depend on traditional cooking with firewood and charcoal. In many cases this spurs tensions and at times conflict with the local host community, -who often also heavily depend on this resource. On the national level energy is often seen as part of the long-term Development planning and as refugee camps and humanitarian setting are recognized as temporary by the host country this creates a vacuum. However, the reality is that 2/3 of all refugees are in protracted refugee situations and the average lifespan of a camp is 17 years. This thesis studied the links between energy and the nexus of environment, social stability and economy in a refugee camp context, and outlined how different energy systems could impact the situations for both groups and also for the relationship between these groups. This was done using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning systems (LEAP) and by creating a Multi Criteria Analysis template. The case study of Kakuma camp in Turkana County in the North of Kenya was used. The results showed that there are positive and negative aspects related to all energy systems studied here (for household energy access both for electricity and cooking). A refugee camp is a highly complex setting, operating both under the authority of local actors and of international humanitarian actors. For electricity access, Solar Home Systems was found to be a good choice due to the fast deployment time and the low level of infrastructure needed. For already existing households PV Hybrid mini-grids are to be recommended. For cooking options, it was found that for Turkana county, rather than just focusing on GHG emissions it is vital to mitigate deforestation seeing the county’s vulnerability to land-use change. However, changing from firewood and charcoal would affect the livelihood of the host community who depends on the income deriving from the charcoal business. This highlights some of the complexity of the study and the importance of knowing the local context before carrying out energy interventions in a refugee camp and surrounding area. The author’s conclusion is that this methodology could be implemented on any camp setting seeing that modern and clean energy access poses many benefits to people across the world, whether in an urban, rural or refugee camp setting. The thesis found that the main barriers identified for electricity projects of scale are the current funding structure of humanitarian organizations and national government’s attitude towards the camp
Eva Rehfuess - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessing household solid fuel use multiple implications for the millennium Development goals
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Eva Rehfuess, Sumi Mehta, Annette PrussustunAbstract:In September 2000, the largestever gathering of heads of state at the United Nations in New York committed themselves in the Millennium Development Declaration (United Nations 2000) to making the Right to Development a reality for everyone by the year 2015. The objective of this declaration is to promote a comprehensive approach and a coordinated strategy, tackling many problems simultaneously across a broad front. All 191 member states of the United Nations affirmed that they would “… spare no effort to free our fellow men, women and children from the abject and dehumanizing conditions of extreme poverty, to which more than a billion of them are currently subjected.” (United Nations 2000). to help track progress, a set of eight time-bound and measurable goals for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women were defined (United Nations 2005a): Goal 1, eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2, achieve universal primary education Goal 3, promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4, reduce child mortality Goal 5, improve maternal health Goal 6, combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7, ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8, develop a global partnership for Development. Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7 aims to ensure environmental sustainability, based on the notion that human survival and prosperity critically depend on the sensible use of natural resources and the protection of complex ecosystems. Yet this foundation of our existence is threatened by alarming rates of land degradation and a changing climate. Environmental degradation has disproportionate impacts on the poor, who often rely on the natural resources in their immediate surroundings for their day-to-day subsistence and livelihood. Worldwide, 2.4 billion people continue to depend on biomass fuels (wood, dung, agricultural residues) to be able to meet their basic energy needs for cooking, boiling water, lighting and, depending on climatic conditions, space-heating [International Energy Agency (IEA) and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 2004]. The reliance on wood for fuel can put considerable pressure on forests, particularly in areas where biomass is scarce and the demand for wood outweighs natural regrowth. Depending on the environmental context, deforestation is a driving force for land degradation and desertification. During the 1990s, forest plantations rendered unproductive because of illegal cutting of wood for cooking use were a common sight in China and among the main driving forces for the establishment of the Chinese National Improved Stoves Programme (Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme 1996). In addition, because biomass fuels are most commonly burnt in open fires or inefficient traditional stoves, a large percentage of the fuel energy is lost as products of incomplete combustion. These include potent greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen dioxide (Edwards et al. 2004; Smith et al. 2000b). In addition, coal use for cooking and heating is still widespread in some countries, China in particular. Consequently, the proportion of the population using solid fuels for cooking is one of the indicators reported to assess progress towards MDG 7. The World Health Organization (WHO) is the agency responsible for reporting this indicator. In this article, we present the results of the first comprehensive assessment of household solid-fuel use on a country-by-country basis, and we argue that curbing indoor air pollution from solid fuels can make a substantial contribution to reducing child mortality (MDG 4) and improving maternal health (MDG 5). We also discuss the implications of our findings in the context of achieving the MDGs at large.
