The Experts below are selected from a list of 413232 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas H Cohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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criminal thought process as a dynamic risk factor Variable and person oriented approaches to recidivism prediction
Law and Human Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Glenn D Walters, Thomas H CohenAbstract:The research question addressed in this study was whether an increase in criminal thought process predicted elevated risk for recidivism in a community sample of offenders. Using a 1-year change on the General Criminal Thinking (GCT) score of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) as the independent Variable, time until first arrest following a second administration of the GCT as the dependent Variable, and age, criminal history, race, and ethnicity as control Variables, the effect of an elevated GCT score on subsequent recidivism was tested in 35,147 male and 5,254 female federal probationers and supervised releases. Separate analyses were conducted on male and female participants. The results revealed that a rise in GCT was an incrementally valid predictor of time until first arrest in both men and women after controlling for age, criminal history, and race/ethnicity (Variable-oriented analysis) and predicted the presence of a subsequent arrest during a 1-year follow-up in men regardless of initial GCT score and in women with a low initial GCT score (person-oriented analysis). Although the effect sizes were, for the most part, small, they nonetheless demonstrated both clinical and statistical significance, thereby supporting the supposition that criminal thought process, as measured by the PICTS GCT score, is a dynamic risk factor. (PsycINFO Database Record
Glenn D Walters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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criminal thought process as a dynamic risk factor Variable and person oriented approaches to recidivism prediction
Law and Human Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Glenn D Walters, Thomas H CohenAbstract:The research question addressed in this study was whether an increase in criminal thought process predicted elevated risk for recidivism in a community sample of offenders. Using a 1-year change on the General Criminal Thinking (GCT) score of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) as the independent Variable, time until first arrest following a second administration of the GCT as the dependent Variable, and age, criminal history, race, and ethnicity as control Variables, the effect of an elevated GCT score on subsequent recidivism was tested in 35,147 male and 5,254 female federal probationers and supervised releases. Separate analyses were conducted on male and female participants. The results revealed that a rise in GCT was an incrementally valid predictor of time until first arrest in both men and women after controlling for age, criminal history, and race/ethnicity (Variable-oriented analysis) and predicted the presence of a subsequent arrest during a 1-year follow-up in men regardless of initial GCT score and in women with a low initial GCT score (person-oriented analysis). Although the effect sizes were, for the most part, small, they nonetheless demonstrated both clinical and statistical significance, thereby supporting the supposition that criminal thought process, as measured by the PICTS GCT score, is a dynamic risk factor. (PsycINFO Database Record
Trude Eid Robsahm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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validating 4 staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using population based data a nested case control study
JAMA Dermatology, 2018Co-Authors: Ingrid Roscher, Ragnhild Sorum Falk, O P F Clausen, Per Helsing, Petter Gjersvik, Trude Eid RobsahmAbstract:Importance Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has metastatic potential, but the prognostic value of current staging systems in nonselected patients is uncertain. Objective To assess the effect of risk factors for metastasis and to evaluate validity and usefulness of 4 staging systems for cSCC using population-based data. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a nationwide, population-based, nested case-control study. The Cancer Registry of Norway, which receives compulsory data on all cancers in the Norwegian population of approximately 5.2 million inhabitants. All patients diagnosed as having a primary invasive cSCC in the period 2000 to 2004 (n = 6721) were identified. Of these, 112 patients were diagnosed with metastasis within 5 years. As control patients, 112 patients with cSCC without metastases, matched for sex and age at diagnosis, were identified by random. Clinical data and biopsy specimens of primary cSCC were collected for all 224 patients. The biopsies were reexamined histologically by an experienced pathologist using well-established criteria for cSCC, yielding 103 patients with metastasis (cases) and 81 cSCC without metastasis (controls). Variables necessary for accurate staging were not assessable in 26 patients (14.1%); multiple imputation was therefore performed. Main Outcomes and Measures The ability of 4 cSCC staging systems (ie, theAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition[AJCC 7] staging system, the staging system used by Breuninger et al, the Brigham and Women’s Hospital [BWH] staging system, and theAJCC, 8th edition[AJCC 8] staging systems) to identify patients who developed metastasis with 5 years of follow-up. External validation was performed by logistic regression, discrimination (sensitivity, specificity, proportion correctly classified, concordance index), and calibration (R2, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, plots) statistics. Results Of 6721 patients; 3674 (54.7%) were men, and 3047 (45.3%) were women, with a mean age at diagnosis of 78 years. Of the 103 patients with cSCC diagnosed with metastasis within 5 years, 60 [58.3%] were men, and mean [SD] age 72.7 [13.5] years. Of the 81 patients with cSCC without metastasis, 51 [63.0%] were men, and mean [SD] age 74.6 [11.7] 15 years. The staging systems distinguished poorly to moderately between patients who developed metastasis and those who did not. The ability to cluster patients with similar outcomes within the same staging category was low, particularly when using theAJCC 7system. Using theAJCC 7system, the risk of metastasis for T2 patients was more than 5-fold, compared with T1 patients (OR, 5.55; 95% CI, 2.24-13.75). In the system used by Breuninger et al, high-risk categories for diameter and tumor thickness and the BWH system’s T2b category collected relatively homogeneous groups. In the systems used by Breuninger et al and Brigham-Women’s Hospital, risk of metastasis was significantly elevated with increasing stage or risk category. Using the system by Breuninger et al, the risk of metastasis was 3-fold for tumors in the high co-risk factor Variable (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.54-6.96). The BWH system gave ORs for metastasis at 6.58 (95% CI, 2.90-14.90) and 35.34 (95% CI, 9.76-128.06) for the T2a and T2b categories, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Using population-based data, current staging systems for cSCC were unsatisfactory in identifying nonselected cSCC patients at high risk for metastasis. The BWH and Breuninger systems gave the best results.
O P F Clausen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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validating 4 staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using population based data a nested case control study
JAMA Dermatology, 2018Co-Authors: Ingrid Roscher, Ragnhild Sorum Falk, O P F Clausen, Per Helsing, Petter Gjersvik, Trude Eid RobsahmAbstract:Importance Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has metastatic potential, but the prognostic value of current staging systems in nonselected patients is uncertain. Objective To assess the effect of risk factors for metastasis and to evaluate validity and usefulness of 4 staging systems for cSCC using population-based data. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a nationwide, population-based, nested case-control study. The Cancer Registry of Norway, which receives compulsory data on all cancers in the Norwegian population of approximately 5.2 million inhabitants. All patients diagnosed as having a primary invasive cSCC in the period 2000 to 2004 (n = 6721) were identified. Of these, 112 patients were diagnosed with metastasis within 5 years. As control patients, 112 patients with cSCC without metastases, matched for sex and age at diagnosis, were identified by random. Clinical data and biopsy specimens of primary cSCC were collected for all 224 patients. The biopsies were reexamined histologically by an experienced pathologist using well-established criteria for cSCC, yielding 103 patients with metastasis (cases) and 81 cSCC without metastasis (controls). Variables necessary for accurate staging were not assessable in 26 patients (14.1%); multiple imputation was therefore performed. Main Outcomes and Measures The ability of 4 cSCC staging systems (ie, theAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition[AJCC 7] staging system, the staging system used by Breuninger et al, the Brigham and Women’s Hospital [BWH] staging system, and theAJCC, 8th edition[AJCC 8] staging systems) to identify patients who developed metastasis with 5 years of follow-up. External validation was performed by logistic regression, discrimination (sensitivity, specificity, proportion correctly classified, concordance index), and calibration (R2, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, plots) statistics. Results Of 6721 patients; 3674 (54.7%) were men, and 3047 (45.3%) were women, with a mean age at diagnosis of 78 years. Of the 103 patients with cSCC diagnosed with metastasis within 5 years, 60 [58.3%] were men, and mean [SD] age 72.7 [13.5] years. Of the 81 patients with cSCC without metastasis, 51 [63.0%] were men, and mean [SD] age 74.6 [11.7] 15 years. The staging systems distinguished poorly to moderately between patients who developed metastasis and those who did not. The ability to cluster patients with similar outcomes within the same staging category was low, particularly when using theAJCC 7system. Using theAJCC 7system, the risk of metastasis for T2 patients was more than 5-fold, compared with T1 patients (OR, 5.55; 95% CI, 2.24-13.75). In the system used by Breuninger et al, high-risk categories for diameter and tumor thickness and the BWH system’s T2b category collected relatively homogeneous groups. In the systems used by Breuninger et al and Brigham-Women’s Hospital, risk of metastasis was significantly elevated with increasing stage or risk category. Using the system by Breuninger et al, the risk of metastasis was 3-fold for tumors in the high co-risk factor Variable (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.54-6.96). The BWH system gave ORs for metastasis at 6.58 (95% CI, 2.90-14.90) and 35.34 (95% CI, 9.76-128.06) for the T2a and T2b categories, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Using population-based data, current staging systems for cSCC were unsatisfactory in identifying nonselected cSCC patients at high risk for metastasis. The BWH and Breuninger systems gave the best results.
Petter Gjersvik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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validating 4 staging systems for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma using population based data a nested case control study
JAMA Dermatology, 2018Co-Authors: Ingrid Roscher, Ragnhild Sorum Falk, O P F Clausen, Per Helsing, Petter Gjersvik, Trude Eid RobsahmAbstract:Importance Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has metastatic potential, but the prognostic value of current staging systems in nonselected patients is uncertain. Objective To assess the effect of risk factors for metastasis and to evaluate validity and usefulness of 4 staging systems for cSCC using population-based data. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a nationwide, population-based, nested case-control study. The Cancer Registry of Norway, which receives compulsory data on all cancers in the Norwegian population of approximately 5.2 million inhabitants. All patients diagnosed as having a primary invasive cSCC in the period 2000 to 2004 (n = 6721) were identified. Of these, 112 patients were diagnosed with metastasis within 5 years. As control patients, 112 patients with cSCC without metastases, matched for sex and age at diagnosis, were identified by random. Clinical data and biopsy specimens of primary cSCC were collected for all 224 patients. The biopsies were reexamined histologically by an experienced pathologist using well-established criteria for cSCC, yielding 103 patients with metastasis (cases) and 81 cSCC without metastasis (controls). Variables necessary for accurate staging were not assessable in 26 patients (14.1%); multiple imputation was therefore performed. Main Outcomes and Measures The ability of 4 cSCC staging systems (ie, theAmerican Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition[AJCC 7] staging system, the staging system used by Breuninger et al, the Brigham and Women’s Hospital [BWH] staging system, and theAJCC, 8th edition[AJCC 8] staging systems) to identify patients who developed metastasis with 5 years of follow-up. External validation was performed by logistic regression, discrimination (sensitivity, specificity, proportion correctly classified, concordance index), and calibration (R2, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, plots) statistics. Results Of 6721 patients; 3674 (54.7%) were men, and 3047 (45.3%) were women, with a mean age at diagnosis of 78 years. Of the 103 patients with cSCC diagnosed with metastasis within 5 years, 60 [58.3%] were men, and mean [SD] age 72.7 [13.5] years. Of the 81 patients with cSCC without metastasis, 51 [63.0%] were men, and mean [SD] age 74.6 [11.7] 15 years. The staging systems distinguished poorly to moderately between patients who developed metastasis and those who did not. The ability to cluster patients with similar outcomes within the same staging category was low, particularly when using theAJCC 7system. Using theAJCC 7system, the risk of metastasis for T2 patients was more than 5-fold, compared with T1 patients (OR, 5.55; 95% CI, 2.24-13.75). In the system used by Breuninger et al, high-risk categories for diameter and tumor thickness and the BWH system’s T2b category collected relatively homogeneous groups. In the systems used by Breuninger et al and Brigham-Women’s Hospital, risk of metastasis was significantly elevated with increasing stage or risk category. Using the system by Breuninger et al, the risk of metastasis was 3-fold for tumors in the high co-risk factor Variable (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.54-6.96). The BWH system gave ORs for metastasis at 6.58 (95% CI, 2.90-14.90) and 35.34 (95% CI, 9.76-128.06) for the T2a and T2b categories, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance Using population-based data, current staging systems for cSCC were unsatisfactory in identifying nonselected cSCC patients at high risk for metastasis. The BWH and Breuninger systems gave the best results.
