The Experts below are selected from a list of 20277 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jerome L Gottschall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of previous pregnancy and transfusion on hla alloimmunization in blood donors implications for a transfusion related acute lung injury Risk Reduction strategy
Transfusion, 2009Co-Authors: Darrell J Triulzi, Steven Kleinman, Ram Kakaiya, Michael P Busch, Philip J Norris, Whitney R Steele, Simone A Glynn, Christopher D Hillyer, Patricia M Carey, Jerome L GottschallAbstract:BACKGROUND: Antibodies to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in donated blood have been implicated as a cause of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). A potential Measure to reduce the Risk of TRALI includes screening plateletpheresis donors for HLA antibodies. The prevalence of HLA antibodies and their relationship to previous transfusion or pregnancy in blood donors was determined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 8171 volunteer blood donors were prospectively recruited by six US blood centers from December 2006 to May 2007. Donors provided a detailed history of pregnancy and transfusion and a sample for HLA Class I and II antibody testing by multiantigen bead flow analysis. RESULTS: A total of 8171 donors were enrolled; 7920 (96.9%) had valid HLA antibody test results and 7841 (99%) of those had complete pregnancy and transfusion information. The prevalence of any HLA antibody was similar in nontransfused (n = 1138) and transfused (n = 895) men, 1.0% versus 1.7% (p = 0.16). HLA antibodies were detected in 17.3% of all female donors (n = 5834) and in 24.4% of those with a history of previous pregnancy (n = 3992). The prevalence of HLA antibodies increased in women with greater numbers of pregnancy: 1.7% (zero), 11.2% (one), 22.5% (two), 27.5% (three), and 32.2% (four or more pregnancies; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: HLA Class I and Class II antibodies are detectable at low prevalence in male donors regardless of transfusion and in female donors without known immunizing events. The prevalence of HLA antibodies increases significantly with more pregnancies. These data will allow blood centers to estimate the impact of HLA antibody testing as a potential TRALI Risk Reduction Measure.
Piotr Smoczyński - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ITDRR - Adaptation of the Rules of the Models of Games with Nature for the Design of Safety Systems
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Adrian Gill, Piotr SmoczyńskiAbstract:The article presents a manner of formulating the problem of designing safety systems in terms of decision-making problems solved with the use of the models of the so-called games with nature. The models of this type are very frequently used to make decisions under conditions of uncertainty. The situation also occurs in the process of designing safety systems. For the purposes of solving the problem, the appropriate understanding of the basic components of the models of games with nature, i.e. the game strategy and the state of nature, was assumed. In this context, a definition of a system and a safety system was provided, along with an interpretation of the relationships between safety system elements (Risk Reduction Measures) and domain elements (hazard factors/sources, hazards), on account of which these systems are designed. The specificity of the functioning of safety systems also required a modification of the decision rules applied within the models used. The modification was illustrated with the example of Wald’s rule. A general concept of formulating the problem of designing safety systems as a decision-making problem was presented, along with the general algorithm of selecting Risk Reduction Measures for safety systems with the use of the modified rules of the models of games with nature. Next, a mathematical model of the research problem was provided, including: creation of the Risk Reduction Measure efficacy matrix, creation of the hazard source – hazard relationship matrix, determination of the payoff matrix, and the modification of decision rules. Usually, there is a need to select more than one Risk Reduction Measure. An already developed original concept of sequential selection of these Measures was used. The application of the rule adaptation proposed here was illustrated with an example of a fire protection system for railway vehicles. Hazard sources were identified and hazards related to electrical systems in railway vehicles were formulated. A list of examples of Risk Reduction Measures which may form a safety system was presented.
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Adaptation of the Rules of the Models of Games with Nature for the Design of Safety Systems
2017Co-Authors: Adrian Gill, Piotr SmoczyńskiAbstract:The article presents a manner of formulating the problem of designing safety systems in terms of decision-making problems solved with the use of the models of the so-called games with nature. The models of this type are very frequently used to make decisions under conditions of uncertainty. The situation also occurs in the process of designing safety systems. For the purposes of solving the problem, the appropriate understanding of the basic components of the models of games with nature, i.e. the game strategy and the state of nature, was assumed. In this context, a definition of a system and a safety system was provided, along with an interpretation of the relationships between safety system elements (Risk Reduction Measures) and domain elements (hazard factors/sources, hazards), on account of which these systems are designed. The specificity of the functioning of safety systems also required a modification of the decision rules applied within the models used. The modification was illustrated with the example of Wald’s rule. A general concept of formulating the problem of designing safety systems as a decision-making problem was presented, along with the general algorithm of selecting Risk Reduction Measures for safety systems with the use of the modified rules of the models of games with nature. Next, a mathematical model of the research problem was provided, including: creation of the Risk Reduction Measure efficacy matrix, creation of the hazard source – hazard relationship matrix, determination of the payoff matrix, and the modification of decision rules. Usually, there is a need to select more than one Risk Reduction Measure. An already developed original concept of sequential selection of these Measures was used. The application of the rule adaptation proposed here was illustrated with an example of a fire protection system for railway vehicles. Hazard sources were identified and hazards related to electrical systems in railway vehicles were formulated. A list of examples of Risk Reduction Measures which may form a safety system was presented.
Tyrone Pitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bacterial screening of platelet components by national health service blood and transplant an effective Risk Reduction Measure
Transfusion, 2017Co-Authors: Carl Mcdonald, Jennifer Allen, Susan R Brailsford, Anjana Roy, Joanne Ball, Richard Moule, Mariza Vasconcelos, Rachael Morrison, Tyrone PittAbstract:BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination of blood components remains a major cause of sepsis in transfusion medicine. Between 2006 and 2010 in the 5 years before the introduction of bacterial screening of platelet (PLT) components by National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), seven cases of PLT component–associated transmission of bacterial infection were recorded for 10 patients, three of which were fatal. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Sampling of individual PLT components was undertaken at 36 to 48 hours after donation and tested in the BacT/ALERT system with 8 mL inoculated into each of aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles. Bottles were incubated until the end of the 7-day shelf life and initial reactive bottles were examined for contamination. Bacterial screened time-expired PLTs were tested as in the screen method. RESULTS From February 2011 to September 2015, a total of 1,239,029 PLT components were screened. Initial-reactive, confirmed-positive, and false-positive rates were 0.37, 0.03, and 0.19%, respectively. False-negative cultures, all with Staphylococcus aureus, occurred on four occasions; three were visually detected before transfusion and one confirmed transmission resulted in patient morbidity. The NHSBT screening protocol effectively reduced the number of clinically adverse transfusion transmissions by 90% in this reporting period, compared to a similar time period before implementation. Delayed testing of 4515 time-expired PLT units after screening revealed no positives. CONCLUSION The implementation of bacterial screening of PLT components with the NHSBT BacT/ALERT protocol was an effective Risk Reduction Measure and increased the safety of the blood supply.
Darrell J Triulzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of previous pregnancy and transfusion on hla alloimmunization in blood donors implications for a transfusion related acute lung injury Risk Reduction strategy
Transfusion, 2009Co-Authors: Darrell J Triulzi, Steven Kleinman, Ram Kakaiya, Michael P Busch, Philip J Norris, Whitney R Steele, Simone A Glynn, Christopher D Hillyer, Patricia M Carey, Jerome L GottschallAbstract:BACKGROUND: Antibodies to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in donated blood have been implicated as a cause of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). A potential Measure to reduce the Risk of TRALI includes screening plateletpheresis donors for HLA antibodies. The prevalence of HLA antibodies and their relationship to previous transfusion or pregnancy in blood donors was determined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 8171 volunteer blood donors were prospectively recruited by six US blood centers from December 2006 to May 2007. Donors provided a detailed history of pregnancy and transfusion and a sample for HLA Class I and II antibody testing by multiantigen bead flow analysis. RESULTS: A total of 8171 donors were enrolled; 7920 (96.9%) had valid HLA antibody test results and 7841 (99%) of those had complete pregnancy and transfusion information. The prevalence of any HLA antibody was similar in nontransfused (n = 1138) and transfused (n = 895) men, 1.0% versus 1.7% (p = 0.16). HLA antibodies were detected in 17.3% of all female donors (n = 5834) and in 24.4% of those with a history of previous pregnancy (n = 3992). The prevalence of HLA antibodies increased in women with greater numbers of pregnancy: 1.7% (zero), 11.2% (one), 22.5% (two), 27.5% (three), and 32.2% (four or more pregnancies; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: HLA Class I and Class II antibodies are detectable at low prevalence in male donors regardless of transfusion and in female donors without known immunizing events. The prevalence of HLA antibodies increases significantly with more pregnancies. These data will allow blood centers to estimate the impact of HLA antibody testing as a potential TRALI Risk Reduction Measure.
Adrian Gill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ITDRR - Adaptation of the Rules of the Models of Games with Nature for the Design of Safety Systems
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Adrian Gill, Piotr SmoczyńskiAbstract:The article presents a manner of formulating the problem of designing safety systems in terms of decision-making problems solved with the use of the models of the so-called games with nature. The models of this type are very frequently used to make decisions under conditions of uncertainty. The situation also occurs in the process of designing safety systems. For the purposes of solving the problem, the appropriate understanding of the basic components of the models of games with nature, i.e. the game strategy and the state of nature, was assumed. In this context, a definition of a system and a safety system was provided, along with an interpretation of the relationships between safety system elements (Risk Reduction Measures) and domain elements (hazard factors/sources, hazards), on account of which these systems are designed. The specificity of the functioning of safety systems also required a modification of the decision rules applied within the models used. The modification was illustrated with the example of Wald’s rule. A general concept of formulating the problem of designing safety systems as a decision-making problem was presented, along with the general algorithm of selecting Risk Reduction Measures for safety systems with the use of the modified rules of the models of games with nature. Next, a mathematical model of the research problem was provided, including: creation of the Risk Reduction Measure efficacy matrix, creation of the hazard source – hazard relationship matrix, determination of the payoff matrix, and the modification of decision rules. Usually, there is a need to select more than one Risk Reduction Measure. An already developed original concept of sequential selection of these Measures was used. The application of the rule adaptation proposed here was illustrated with an example of a fire protection system for railway vehicles. Hazard sources were identified and hazards related to electrical systems in railway vehicles were formulated. A list of examples of Risk Reduction Measures which may form a safety system was presented.
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Adaptation of the Rules of the Models of Games with Nature for the Design of Safety Systems
2017Co-Authors: Adrian Gill, Piotr SmoczyńskiAbstract:The article presents a manner of formulating the problem of designing safety systems in terms of decision-making problems solved with the use of the models of the so-called games with nature. The models of this type are very frequently used to make decisions under conditions of uncertainty. The situation also occurs in the process of designing safety systems. For the purposes of solving the problem, the appropriate understanding of the basic components of the models of games with nature, i.e. the game strategy and the state of nature, was assumed. In this context, a definition of a system and a safety system was provided, along with an interpretation of the relationships between safety system elements (Risk Reduction Measures) and domain elements (hazard factors/sources, hazards), on account of which these systems are designed. The specificity of the functioning of safety systems also required a modification of the decision rules applied within the models used. The modification was illustrated with the example of Wald’s rule. A general concept of formulating the problem of designing safety systems as a decision-making problem was presented, along with the general algorithm of selecting Risk Reduction Measures for safety systems with the use of the modified rules of the models of games with nature. Next, a mathematical model of the research problem was provided, including: creation of the Risk Reduction Measure efficacy matrix, creation of the hazard source – hazard relationship matrix, determination of the payoff matrix, and the modification of decision rules. Usually, there is a need to select more than one Risk Reduction Measure. An already developed original concept of sequential selection of these Measures was used. The application of the rule adaptation proposed here was illustrated with an example of a fire protection system for railway vehicles. Hazard sources were identified and hazards related to electrical systems in railway vehicles were formulated. A list of examples of Risk Reduction Measures which may form a safety system was presented.
