The Experts below are selected from a list of 2328 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eunsung Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a fuzzy multi criteria approach to flood Risk Vulnerability in south korea by considering climate change impacts
Expert Systems With Applications, 2013Co-Authors: Eunsung ChungAbstract:This study develops a framework to quantify the flood Risk Vulnerability in South Korea by considering climate change impacts. On the basis of the concept of exposure-sensitivity-adaptive capacity, 21 proxy variables are selected and screened, and their weights are determined for their objectivity by using the Delphi technique. The data from 16 provinces of South Korea and the weighting values of all proxy variables are fuzzified to consider uncertainty. In addition, the National Center for Atmosphere Research Community Climate System Model 3 (CCSM3) in conjunction with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenario (SRES) A1B, A2, B1, A1T, A1FI, and B2 are used for future climate data (2020s, 2050s, and 2080s). Therefore, 19 flood Risk vulnerabilities of South Korea, including present conditions, are quantitatively evaluated and compared. Three Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques - Weighted Sum Method (WSM), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (TOPSIS), and fuzzy TOPSIS - are used to quantify all spatial vulnerabilities. As a result, some fuzzy TOPSIS rankings are quite different to those of WSM and TOPSIS, and the ranking patterns of the 19 climate change scenarios are also derived in a dissimilar way. In addition, if the variances of the provinces' rankings are considered, some provinces showing low values can plan their climate change adaptation strategies by taking into consideration their relatively certain rankings. In the end, the Vulnerability assessment for climate change should consider not only various MCDM techniques but also the uncertainty of weighting values and proxy variable data.
Working Paper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Guidelines for establishing audits of agricultural – environmental hotspots FOR ESTABLISHING AGricultural- ENvironmental hotspots
Atmospheric Research, 2003Co-Authors: Natural Resources, Working PaperAbstract:Starting in 1999, the Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping Systems (FIVIMS) Secretariat in FAO has published an annual report on global Food Insecurity and Vulnerability (see: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y7352E/Y7352E00.HTM). The report, - The State of World Food Insecurity, known as SOFI - assembles, analyses and disseminates information on who are the food insecure, where they are located, and why they are food insecure, nutritionally vulnerable or at Risk. The Environment and Natural Resources Service (SDRN) of the Sustainable Development Department, FAO, has been involved through the preparation of maps and analyses. As food insecurity can often be correlated with difficulties in making proper use of natural resources, it was considered that it would be useful to produce regular analyses about areas where ecological processes or agricultural production are disrupted due to conflicts between environment and agriculture. Such areas are termed agricultural-environmental hotspots, or Ag-En hotspots. The emphasis is thus on non-optimal functioning of ecosystems, agriculture, or both. "Environment" includes natural, social, economic and cultural aspects. A brainstorming meeting was organized on 9-10 December 2002 in FAO headquarters to define Ag-En hotspot products that could be prepared based on data availability and on demand, with internal (FAO) and external partners. A discussion paper was prepared in advance by Michael Glantz, Senior Scientist in the Environmental and Societal Impacts Group at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. Based on the discussions held at the meeting, Dr Glantz revised the discussion paper, which is presented here as Guidelines for Establishing Audits of Agricultural-Environmental (Ag-En) Hotspots. The report serves multiple objectives, starting with terminology and delineation of concepts. Terms like hotspots, Risk, Vulnerability, extreme factor, hazard, chronic vs acute hotspots, and the scale at which hotspots are defined demand closer consideration. Ag-En hotspots themselves can be analysed from twin points of view: first, the mechanisms that cause them, and, second, themes such as soil, water shortage, land degradation, biodiversity, food security (as in FIVIMS), The following points are also listed among those to which the meeting participants were asked to pay particular attention: monitoring issues, including mapping, thresholds and the possibility of "predicting" future probable hotspots 5 or 10 years ahead; conceptual, causal and thematic links between hotspots, disasters and sustainability; variables and indicators that will be required as a function of an Ag-En hotspot typology, including geographical location, scale, reliability, etc. Appropriate emphasis should be given to non-environmental forcing variables, such as civil unrest, poor resource endowment, and trade. As mentioned above, the meeting also drew attention to the possibility of identifying mechanisms or patterns that could lead to the development of hotspots in the future, as, for instance, when well-known chronic stresses become acute problems confronting policy-makers.
Natural Resources - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Guidelines for establishing audits of agricultural – environmental hotspots FOR ESTABLISHING AGricultural- ENvironmental hotspots
Atmospheric Research, 2003Co-Authors: Natural Resources, Working PaperAbstract:Starting in 1999, the Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping Systems (FIVIMS) Secretariat in FAO has published an annual report on global Food Insecurity and Vulnerability (see: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y7352E/Y7352E00.HTM). The report, - The State of World Food Insecurity, known as SOFI - assembles, analyses and disseminates information on who are the food insecure, where they are located, and why they are food insecure, nutritionally vulnerable or at Risk. The Environment and Natural Resources Service (SDRN) of the Sustainable Development Department, FAO, has been involved through the preparation of maps and analyses. As food insecurity can often be correlated with difficulties in making proper use of natural resources, it was considered that it would be useful to produce regular analyses about areas where ecological processes or agricultural production are disrupted due to conflicts between environment and agriculture. Such areas are termed agricultural-environmental hotspots, or Ag-En hotspots. The emphasis is thus on non-optimal functioning of ecosystems, agriculture, or both. "Environment" includes natural, social, economic and cultural aspects. A brainstorming meeting was organized on 9-10 December 2002 in FAO headquarters to define Ag-En hotspot products that could be prepared based on data availability and on demand, with internal (FAO) and external partners. A discussion paper was prepared in advance by Michael Glantz, Senior Scientist in the Environmental and Societal Impacts Group at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. Based on the discussions held at the meeting, Dr Glantz revised the discussion paper, which is presented here as Guidelines for Establishing Audits of Agricultural-Environmental (Ag-En) Hotspots. The report serves multiple objectives, starting with terminology and delineation of concepts. Terms like hotspots, Risk, Vulnerability, extreme factor, hazard, chronic vs acute hotspots, and the scale at which hotspots are defined demand closer consideration. Ag-En hotspots themselves can be analysed from twin points of view: first, the mechanisms that cause them, and, second, themes such as soil, water shortage, land degradation, biodiversity, food security (as in FIVIMS), The following points are also listed among those to which the meeting participants were asked to pay particular attention: monitoring issues, including mapping, thresholds and the possibility of "predicting" future probable hotspots 5 or 10 years ahead; conceptual, causal and thematic links between hotspots, disasters and sustainability; variables and indicators that will be required as a function of an Ag-En hotspot typology, including geographical location, scale, reliability, etc. Appropriate emphasis should be given to non-environmental forcing variables, such as civil unrest, poor resource endowment, and trade. As mentioned above, the meeting also drew attention to the possibility of identifying mechanisms or patterns that could lead to the development of hotspots in the future, as, for instance, when well-known chronic stresses become acute problems confronting policy-makers.
Lisa Westerhoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Understanding the framings of climate change adaptation across multiple scales of governance in Europe
Environmental Politics, 2011Co-Authors: Sirkku Juhola, E. H. Carina Keskitalo, Lisa WesterhoffAbstract:Climate change adaptation strategies are emerging across Europe as societies attempt to adapt to the challenges of a changing environment. Social constructivist analyses of environmental policy – especially those emphasis-ing 'framing' – can be very useful in teasing out the framings of policy problems such as adaptation. They can also shed light on the underlying assumptions that steer and guide public and environmental policy. Using the theoretical concept of framing to analyse adaptation policies across different scales of governance in four European countries – Sweden, Finland, the United Kingdom and Italy – and drawing on policy documents from those countries, as well as semi-structured interviews with practitioners, the development of adaptation policy processes and especially how adaptation has been defined within these processes are examined. Four major framings of adaptation are identified: 'planning', 'economic Risk', 'Vulnerability' and 'existing measures'. These frames affect how adaptation is conceptualised, policy problems defined and, ultimately how policy develops. Introduction As international consensus on the need to adapt to climate change strengthens, so too does the recognition of adaptation as an important activity in Europe (Commission of the European Communities 2007, 2009). Many European countries are now drawing up national adaptation strategies and policies (EEA 2009, Swart et al. 2009), a process complemented by the development of planned adaptation measures at lower scales of governance and within the private sector. The development of planned adaptation, defined here as policies or strategies designed in response to concerns about climate change (IPCC 2007), can be understood as a process that occurs within a multi-scale governance context. By 'multi-scale governance', we mean decision-making that encompasses not only governmental, but private and non-governmental
Anthony Patt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of educational attainment on climate Risk Vulnerability
Ecology and Society, 2013Co-Authors: Erich Striessnig, Wolfgang Lutz, Anthony PattAbstract:In the context of still uncertain specific effects of climate change in specific locations, this paper examines whether education significantly increases coping capacity with regard to particular climatic changes, and whether it improves the resilience of people to climate Risks in general. Our hypothesis is that investment in universal primary and secondary education around the world is the most effective strategy for preparing to cope with the still uncertain dangers associated with future climate. The empirical evidence presented for a cross-country time series of factors associated with past natural disaster fatalities since 1980 in 125 countries confirms this overriding importance of education in reducing impacts. We also present new projections of populations by age, sex, and level of educational attainment to 2050, thus providing an appropriate tool for anticipating societies' future adaptive capacities based on alternative education scenarios associated with different policies. (authors' abstract)
