The Experts below are selected from a list of 252 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Coleen Fox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the cold war the us bureau of reclamation and the technopolitics of River Basin Development 1950 1970
Political Geography, 2011Co-Authors: Chris Sneddon, Coleen FoxAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the links between Cold War geopolitics and economic Development to explain the relatively rapid proliferation of the concept of River Basin Development throughout so-called “developing areas” of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America during the latter half of the twentieth century. The research focuses on the United States Bureau of Reclamation, the most significant water resource Development agency of the US government, and its engagement in what it termed “foreign activities” beginning in the aftermath of World War II. Grounded in recent work on technopolitics, the constructed scales of water resource Development, and histories of the “global” Cold War, this research examines the advancement of water resource Development in the Litani River Basin in Lebanon—as guided by staff of the US Bureau of Reclamation—during the period from 1950 to 1970. The Bureau operated as a geopolitical agent attempting to implement a universalized model of River Basin Development, but encountered continuous difficulties in the form of political and biophysical contingencies. The Bureau’s efforts, centred on the Basin as the most appropriate unit of Development, were consistently undercut by scale-making projects related to global and regional geopolitical concerns. The research concludes that understandings of the technopolitics of Development interventions would benefit from a closer engagement with recent discussions regarding the construction of spatial scale within political geography and related fields. River Basin Development and its material transformation of multiple locales remains one of the largely neglected, but vitally important, legacies of Cold War geopolitics.
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The Cold War, the US Bureau of Reclamation, and the technopolitics of River Basin Development, 1950–1970
Political Geography, 2011Co-Authors: Chris Sneddon, Coleen FoxAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the links between Cold War geopolitics and economic Development to explain the relatively rapid proliferation of the concept of River Basin Development throughout so-called “developing areas” of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America during the latter half of the twentieth century. The research focuses on the United States Bureau of Reclamation, the most significant water resource Development agency of the US government, and its engagement in what it termed “foreign activities” beginning in the aftermath of World War II. Grounded in recent work on technopolitics, the constructed scales of water resource Development, and histories of the “global” Cold War, this research examines the advancement of water resource Development in the Litani River Basin in Lebanon—as guided by staff of the US Bureau of Reclamation—during the period from 1950 to 1970. The Bureau operated as a geopolitical agent attempting to implement a universalized model of River Basin Development, but encountered continuous difficulties in the form of political and biophysical contingencies. The Bureau’s efforts, centred on the Basin as the most appropriate unit of Development, were consistently undercut by scale-making projects related to global and regional geopolitical concerns. The research concludes that understandings of the technopolitics of Development interventions would benefit from a closer engagement with recent discussions regarding the construction of spatial scale within political geography and related fields. River Basin Development and its material transformation of multiple locales remains one of the largely neglected, but vitally important, legacies of Cold War geopolitics.
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River Basin Development
International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2009Co-Authors: Coleen FoxAbstract:While River Basins have been important sites of human activity for thousands of years, it was not until the early twentieth century that Development began to transform Basin ecosystems and spur regional Development. Supported by technological and engineering advances and underpinned by an unquestioned faith in humankind's right to control nature for its own benefit, River Basin Development was carried forth with little recognition of the ecological, social, economic, and cultural benefits of free-flowing Rivers. As a consequence, River Basins around the world suffer from significant environmental degradation. Large-scale, multipurpose Basin Development was pioneered in the Global North (in the US in particular), where, in the 1930s, Basins such the Tennessee, Columbia, and Colorado underwent massive transformations. In the post-World War II era, this model was imposed on and adopted by the countries of the Global South. In both cases, River Basin Development facilitated commercialization of agriculture, settlement in floodplains, and industrialization. In other words, Basin Development promoted modernization and regional Development. In the latter decades of the twentieth century and the early years of the twenty-first century, concern for the ecological and social impacts of River Basin Development have grown. As a result, Basin Development schemes and management plans – and the narrow vision of modernization upon which they are often based – tend to be more politicized and contested than was the case in the early and mid-twentieth century. Today, in response to critiques, sustainable Development and integrated River Basin management are key concepts guiding River Basin–society relations. While advances in sustainable management have been significant, many challenges remain. This is especially the case in transboundary River Basins, where the disjunction between sovereign states and ecosystems complicates the sharing and management of natural resources.
Chris Sneddon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the cold war the us bureau of reclamation and the technopolitics of River Basin Development 1950 1970
Political Geography, 2011Co-Authors: Chris Sneddon, Coleen FoxAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the links between Cold War geopolitics and economic Development to explain the relatively rapid proliferation of the concept of River Basin Development throughout so-called “developing areas” of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America during the latter half of the twentieth century. The research focuses on the United States Bureau of Reclamation, the most significant water resource Development agency of the US government, and its engagement in what it termed “foreign activities” beginning in the aftermath of World War II. Grounded in recent work on technopolitics, the constructed scales of water resource Development, and histories of the “global” Cold War, this research examines the advancement of water resource Development in the Litani River Basin in Lebanon—as guided by staff of the US Bureau of Reclamation—during the period from 1950 to 1970. The Bureau operated as a geopolitical agent attempting to implement a universalized model of River Basin Development, but encountered continuous difficulties in the form of political and biophysical contingencies. The Bureau’s efforts, centred on the Basin as the most appropriate unit of Development, were consistently undercut by scale-making projects related to global and regional geopolitical concerns. The research concludes that understandings of the technopolitics of Development interventions would benefit from a closer engagement with recent discussions regarding the construction of spatial scale within political geography and related fields. River Basin Development and its material transformation of multiple locales remains one of the largely neglected, but vitally important, legacies of Cold War geopolitics.
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The Cold War, the US Bureau of Reclamation, and the technopolitics of River Basin Development, 1950–1970
Political Geography, 2011Co-Authors: Chris Sneddon, Coleen FoxAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the links between Cold War geopolitics and economic Development to explain the relatively rapid proliferation of the concept of River Basin Development throughout so-called “developing areas” of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America during the latter half of the twentieth century. The research focuses on the United States Bureau of Reclamation, the most significant water resource Development agency of the US government, and its engagement in what it termed “foreign activities” beginning in the aftermath of World War II. Grounded in recent work on technopolitics, the constructed scales of water resource Development, and histories of the “global” Cold War, this research examines the advancement of water resource Development in the Litani River Basin in Lebanon—as guided by staff of the US Bureau of Reclamation—during the period from 1950 to 1970. The Bureau operated as a geopolitical agent attempting to implement a universalized model of River Basin Development, but encountered continuous difficulties in the form of political and biophysical contingencies. The Bureau’s efforts, centred on the Basin as the most appropriate unit of Development, were consistently undercut by scale-making projects related to global and regional geopolitical concerns. The research concludes that understandings of the technopolitics of Development interventions would benefit from a closer engagement with recent discussions regarding the construction of spatial scale within political geography and related fields. River Basin Development and its material transformation of multiple locales remains one of the largely neglected, but vitally important, legacies of Cold War geopolitics.
A. Mahesha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tropical, Seasonal River Basin Development: Hydrogeological Analysis
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: R. V. Shetkar, A. MaheshaAbstract:This study presents a hydrogeological analysis of a humid tropical, seasonal River in the context of climate change, increasing demand for water, and uneven distribution of rainfall. We investigate the Netravathi Basin, a tropical River Basin of south India. The climate change effect on the Basin was evident in terms of increasing trend in temperature by about 0.7°C/100 years and decreasing trend in the River flow during the monsoon by about 0.8% of average annual flow per year using the Mann-Kendall trend test. Even though rainfall was found to be decreasing, no significant trend could be established. From the trend analysis of the River flow, it was found that there is an overall declining trend with longer scarcity periods. In addition, the trends of magnitude and frequency of high flows are declining. Even though the region receives an average annual rainfall of about 3,930 mm, it has nonuniform distribution with most of the rainfall confining to a few months of a year. In view of this, the region su...
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Tropical, Seasonal River Basin Development through a Series of Vented Dams
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: R. V. Shetkar, A. MaheshaAbstract:Tropical Rivers are predominantly seasonal in nature, and managing water resources during the deficit period is becoming more difficult because of the rapidly increasing demand for water. The present investigation focuses on harvesting Netravathi River water in the southern Indian peninsula through a series of vented dams with an estimated storage capacity of 102 Mm3 for use during the deficit period. A brief hydraulic design of a vented dam at a specific location is presented. The spacing and capacity of these reservoirs were worked out on the basis of the dam height and the River characteristics. The proposed vented dams are seasonal dams, and the closure of the vents will be decided on the flow available (i.e., 95% dependable flow), the storage capacity, and the minimum water release required for the downstream ecosystem. The appropriate time to start storing water in the vented dams was estimated to be in the month of November, and the entire process of storing water in the vented dams may last for a...
Chen Xiang-man - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Objective Management Model and System Innovation in the River Basin Development of China
Xiangtan University Journal of Philosohp & Social Sciences Edition, 2003Co-Authors: Chen Xiang-manAbstract:A scientific and rational management system is a basic organizational guarantee of sustainable Development in a River area.In this paper, the present management system and its problem in the River Basin Development are analyzed thoroughly, and the objective management model and system innovation in the River Basin Development of China are put forward.
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THE COORDINATION AMONG REGIONAL PROFITS IN THE River Basin Development AND MANAGEMENT
Economic Geography, 2002Co-Authors: Chen Xiang-manAbstract:River Basin is a special region with the characteristics of entirety and relation, regional and diversity, gradation and network, opening and dissipation etc. It is an important unit that organizes and governs national economy as well as a natural region. In River Basin, all natural essential factors relate closely each other, and there is remarkable influence in inter-region. In the Development of River Basin, there is profit distribution problem among administrative region, between upper and lower reaches, where the troubles of River Basin Development and management lie. The key to solve these contradictions is to establish effective coordination mechanism of regional profit to coordinate profit relation between regions. Firstly, the problem of external non-economy related to water resource must be solved. Secondly, the relations between partial and local interests and whole interests must be managed. Thirdly, the relations between immediate interests and long-term interests must be coordinated.
Declan Conway - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessing River Basin Development Given Water‐Energy‐Food‐Environment Interdependencies
Earth's Future, 2020Co-Authors: Robel Geressu, Christian Siderius, Julian J. Harou, Japhet J. Kashaigili, Laetitia Pettinotti, Declan ConwayAbstract:Many River Basins in the Global South are undergoing rapid Development with major implications for the interdependent water-energy-food-environmental (WEFE) ‘nexus’ sectors. A range of views on the extent to which such natural-human systems should be developed typically exist. The perceived best investments in River Basins depend on how one frames the planning problem. Therefore, we propose an approach where the best possible (optimised) implementations of different River Basin Development scenarios are assessed by comparing their WEFE sector trade-offs. We apply the approach to Tanzania’s River Basin, an area with multiple WEFE interdependencies and high Development potential (irrigation and hydropower) and ecosystem services. Performance indicators are identified through stakeholder consultation and describe WEFE sector response under scenarios of River Basin Development. Results show considerable potential exists for energy and irrigation expansion. Designs that prioritise energy production adversely affect environmental performance, however, part of the negative impacts can be minimised through release rules designed to replicate the natural variability of flow. The reliability of monthly energy generation is more sensitive to environmental-oriented management than the cumulative annual energy production. Overall results highlight how sectoral trade-offs change depending on the extent of Development, something that may be difficult to regulate in the future, and that there are important Basin-scale interdependencies. Benefits and limitations of the approach and its application are discussed.
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assessing River Basin Development given water energy food environment interdependencies
Earth’s Future, 2020Co-Authors: Robel Geressu, Christian Siderius, Julian J. Harou, Japhet J. Kashaigili, Laetitia Pettinotti, Declan ConwayAbstract:Many River Basins in the Global South are undergoing rapid Development with major implications for the interdependent water-energy-food-environmental (WEFE) ‘nexus’ sectors. A range of views on the extent to which such natural-human systems should be developed typically exist. The perceived best investments in River Basins depend on how one frames the planning problem. Therefore, we propose an approach where the best possible (optimised) implementations of different River Basin Development scenarios are assessed by comparing their WEFE sector trade-offs. We apply the approach to Tanzania’s River Basin, an area with multiple WEFE interdependencies and high Development potential (irrigation and hydropower) and ecosystem services. Performance indicators are identified through stakeholder consultation and describe WEFE sector response under scenarios of River Basin Development. Results show considerable potential exists for energy and irrigation expansion. Designs that prioritise energy production adversely affect environmental performance, however, part of the negative impacts can be minimised through release rules designed to replicate the natural variability of flow. The reliability of monthly energy generation is more sensitive to environmental-oriented management than the cumulative annual energy production. Overall results highlight how sectoral trade-offs change depending on the extent of Development, something that may be difficult to regulate in the future, and that there are important Basin-scale interdependencies. Benefits and limitations of the approach and its application are discussed.
