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Chadwin B. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Whooping crane use of Riverine stopover sites
PloS one, 2019Co-Authors: David Baasch, Patrick Farrell, Shay Howlin, Aaron T. Pearse, Jason M. Farnsworth, Chadwin B. SmithAbstract:Migratory birds like endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) require suitable nocturnal roost sites during twice annual migrations. Whooping cranes primarily roost in shallow surface water wetlands, ponds, and rivers. All these features have been greatly impacted by human activities, which present threats to the continued recovery of the species. A portion of one such river, the central Platte River, has been identified as critical Habitat for the survival of the endangered whooping crane. Management intervention is now underway to rehabilitate Habitat form and function on the central Platte River to increase use and thereby contribute to the survival of whooping cranes. The goal of our analyses was to develop Habitat selection models that could be used to direct Riverine Habitat management activities (i.e., channel widening, tree removal, flow augmentation, etc.) along the central Platte River and throughout the species' range. As such, we focused our analyses on two robust sets of whooping crane observations and Habitat metrics the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program (Program or PRRIP) and other such organizations could influence. This included channel characteristics such as total channel width, the width of channel unobstructed by dense vegetation, and distance of forest from the edge of the channel and flow-related metrics like wetted width and unit discharge (flow volume per linear meter of wetted channel width) that could be influenced by flow augmentation or reductions during migration. We used 17 years of systematic monitoring data in a discrete-choice framework to evaluate the influence these various metrics have on the relative probability of whooping crane use and found the width of channel unobstructed by dense vegetation and distance to the nearest forest were the best predictors of whooping crane use. Secondly, we used telemetry data obtained from a sample of 38 birds of all ages over the course of seven years, 2010-2016, to evaluate whooping crane use of Riverine Habitat within the North-central Great Plains, USA. For this second analysis, we focused on the two metrics found to be important predictors of whooping crane use along the central Platte River, unobstructed channel width and distance to nearest forest or wooded area. Our findings indicate resource managers, such as the Program, have the potential to influence whooping crane use of the central Platte River through removal of in-channel vegetation to increase the unobstructed width of narrow channels and through removal of trees along the bank line to increase unforested corridor widths. Results of both analyses also indicated that increases in relative probability of use by whooping cranes did not appreciably increase with unobstructed views ≥200 m wide and unforested corridor widths that were ≥330 m. Therefore, managing Riverine sites for channels widths >200 m and removing trees beyond 165 m from the channel's edge would increase costs associated with implementing management actions such as channel and bank-line disking, removing trees, augmenting flow, etc. without necessarily realizing an additional appreciable increase in use by migrating whooping cranes.
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Investigating whooping crane Habitat in relation to hydrology, channel morphology and a water-centric management strategy on the central Platte River, Nebraska.
Heliyon, 2018Co-Authors: Jason M. Farnsworth, David Baasch, Chadwin B. Smith, Patrick D. Farrell, Kevin L. WerbyloAbstract:The Flow-Sediment-Mechanical approach is one of two management strategies presented in the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program's (Program) Adaptive Management Plan to create and maintain suitable Riverine Habitat (≥200 m wide unobstructed channels) for whooping cranes (Grus americana). The Program's Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy consists of sediment augmentation, mechanical vegetation clearing and channel widening, channel consolidation, and short duration high flow releases of 142-227 m3/s for three to five days in two out of three years in order to increase the unvegetated width of the main channel and, by extension, create and maintain suitable Habitat for whooping crane use. We examined the influence of a range of hydrologic and physical metrics on total unvegetated channel width (TUCW) and maximum unobstructed channel width (MUOCW) during the period of 2007-2015 and applied those findings to assess the performance of the Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy for creating and maintaining whooping crane roosting Habitat. Our investigation highlights uncertainties that are introduced when exploring the relationship between physical process drivers and species Habitat metrics. We identified a strong positive relationship between peak flows and TUCW and MUOCW within the Associated Habitat Reach of the central Platte River. However, the peak discharge magnitude and duration needed to create highly favorable whooping crane roosting Habitat within our study area are much greater than short duration high flow releases, as currently envisioned. We also found disking in combination with herbicide application to vegetated portions of the channel are effective for creating and maintaining highly favorable unobstructed channel widths for whooping cranes in all but the very driest years. As such, resource managers could prioritize the treatment of mid-channel islands that are vegetated to increase the suitability of roosting Habitat for whooping cranes.
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Investigating whooping crane Habitat in relation to hydrology, channel morphology and a water-centric management strategy on the central Platte River, Nebraska
Elsevier, 2018Co-Authors: Jason M. Farnsworth, David Baasch, Chadwin B. Smith, Patrick D. Farrell, Kevin L. WerbyloAbstract:The Flow-Sediment-Mechanical approach is one of two management strategies presented in the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program's (Program) Adaptive Management Plan to create and maintain suitable Riverine Habitat (≥200 m wide unobstructed channels) for whooping cranes (Grus americana). The Program's Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy consists of sediment augmentation, mechanical vegetation clearing and channel widening, channel consolidation, and short duration high flow releases of 142–227 m3/s for three to five days in two out of three years in order to increase the unvegetated width of the main channel and, by extension, create and maintain suitable Habitat for whooping crane use. We examined the influence of a range of hydrologic and physical metrics on total unvegetated channel width (TUCW) and maximum unobstructed channel width (MUOCW) during the period of 2007–2015 and applied those findings to assess the performance of the Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy for creating and maintaining whooping crane roosting Habitat. Our investigation highlights uncertainties that are introduced when exploring the relationship between physical process drivers and species Habitat metrics. We identified a strong positive relationship between peak flows and TUCW and MUOCW within the Associated Habitat Reach of the central Platte River. However, the peak discharge magnitude and duration needed to create highly favorable whooping crane roosting Habitat within our study area are much greater than short duration high flow releases, as currently envisioned. We also found disking in combination with herbicide application to vegetated portions of the channel are effective for creating and maintaining highly favorable unobstructed channel widths for whooping cranes in all but the very driest years. As such, resource managers could prioritize the treatment of mid-channel islands that are vegetated to increase the suitability of roosting Habitat for whooping cranes. Keywords: Ecology, Environmental science, Hydrolog
David Baasch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Whooping crane use of Riverine stopover sites
PloS one, 2019Co-Authors: David Baasch, Patrick Farrell, Shay Howlin, Aaron T. Pearse, Jason M. Farnsworth, Chadwin B. SmithAbstract:Migratory birds like endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) require suitable nocturnal roost sites during twice annual migrations. Whooping cranes primarily roost in shallow surface water wetlands, ponds, and rivers. All these features have been greatly impacted by human activities, which present threats to the continued recovery of the species. A portion of one such river, the central Platte River, has been identified as critical Habitat for the survival of the endangered whooping crane. Management intervention is now underway to rehabilitate Habitat form and function on the central Platte River to increase use and thereby contribute to the survival of whooping cranes. The goal of our analyses was to develop Habitat selection models that could be used to direct Riverine Habitat management activities (i.e., channel widening, tree removal, flow augmentation, etc.) along the central Platte River and throughout the species' range. As such, we focused our analyses on two robust sets of whooping crane observations and Habitat metrics the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program (Program or PRRIP) and other such organizations could influence. This included channel characteristics such as total channel width, the width of channel unobstructed by dense vegetation, and distance of forest from the edge of the channel and flow-related metrics like wetted width and unit discharge (flow volume per linear meter of wetted channel width) that could be influenced by flow augmentation or reductions during migration. We used 17 years of systematic monitoring data in a discrete-choice framework to evaluate the influence these various metrics have on the relative probability of whooping crane use and found the width of channel unobstructed by dense vegetation and distance to the nearest forest were the best predictors of whooping crane use. Secondly, we used telemetry data obtained from a sample of 38 birds of all ages over the course of seven years, 2010-2016, to evaluate whooping crane use of Riverine Habitat within the North-central Great Plains, USA. For this second analysis, we focused on the two metrics found to be important predictors of whooping crane use along the central Platte River, unobstructed channel width and distance to nearest forest or wooded area. Our findings indicate resource managers, such as the Program, have the potential to influence whooping crane use of the central Platte River through removal of in-channel vegetation to increase the unobstructed width of narrow channels and through removal of trees along the bank line to increase unforested corridor widths. Results of both analyses also indicated that increases in relative probability of use by whooping cranes did not appreciably increase with unobstructed views ≥200 m wide and unforested corridor widths that were ≥330 m. Therefore, managing Riverine sites for channels widths >200 m and removing trees beyond 165 m from the channel's edge would increase costs associated with implementing management actions such as channel and bank-line disking, removing trees, augmenting flow, etc. without necessarily realizing an additional appreciable increase in use by migrating whooping cranes.
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Investigating whooping crane Habitat in relation to hydrology, channel morphology and a water-centric management strategy on the central Platte River, Nebraska.
Heliyon, 2018Co-Authors: Jason M. Farnsworth, David Baasch, Chadwin B. Smith, Patrick D. Farrell, Kevin L. WerbyloAbstract:The Flow-Sediment-Mechanical approach is one of two management strategies presented in the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program's (Program) Adaptive Management Plan to create and maintain suitable Riverine Habitat (≥200 m wide unobstructed channels) for whooping cranes (Grus americana). The Program's Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy consists of sediment augmentation, mechanical vegetation clearing and channel widening, channel consolidation, and short duration high flow releases of 142-227 m3/s for three to five days in two out of three years in order to increase the unvegetated width of the main channel and, by extension, create and maintain suitable Habitat for whooping crane use. We examined the influence of a range of hydrologic and physical metrics on total unvegetated channel width (TUCW) and maximum unobstructed channel width (MUOCW) during the period of 2007-2015 and applied those findings to assess the performance of the Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy for creating and maintaining whooping crane roosting Habitat. Our investigation highlights uncertainties that are introduced when exploring the relationship between physical process drivers and species Habitat metrics. We identified a strong positive relationship between peak flows and TUCW and MUOCW within the Associated Habitat Reach of the central Platte River. However, the peak discharge magnitude and duration needed to create highly favorable whooping crane roosting Habitat within our study area are much greater than short duration high flow releases, as currently envisioned. We also found disking in combination with herbicide application to vegetated portions of the channel are effective for creating and maintaining highly favorable unobstructed channel widths for whooping cranes in all but the very driest years. As such, resource managers could prioritize the treatment of mid-channel islands that are vegetated to increase the suitability of roosting Habitat for whooping cranes.
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Investigating whooping crane Habitat in relation to hydrology, channel morphology and a water-centric management strategy on the central Platte River, Nebraska
Elsevier, 2018Co-Authors: Jason M. Farnsworth, David Baasch, Chadwin B. Smith, Patrick D. Farrell, Kevin L. WerbyloAbstract:The Flow-Sediment-Mechanical approach is one of two management strategies presented in the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program's (Program) Adaptive Management Plan to create and maintain suitable Riverine Habitat (≥200 m wide unobstructed channels) for whooping cranes (Grus americana). The Program's Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy consists of sediment augmentation, mechanical vegetation clearing and channel widening, channel consolidation, and short duration high flow releases of 142–227 m3/s for three to five days in two out of three years in order to increase the unvegetated width of the main channel and, by extension, create and maintain suitable Habitat for whooping crane use. We examined the influence of a range of hydrologic and physical metrics on total unvegetated channel width (TUCW) and maximum unobstructed channel width (MUOCW) during the period of 2007–2015 and applied those findings to assess the performance of the Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy for creating and maintaining whooping crane roosting Habitat. Our investigation highlights uncertainties that are introduced when exploring the relationship between physical process drivers and species Habitat metrics. We identified a strong positive relationship between peak flows and TUCW and MUOCW within the Associated Habitat Reach of the central Platte River. However, the peak discharge magnitude and duration needed to create highly favorable whooping crane roosting Habitat within our study area are much greater than short duration high flow releases, as currently envisioned. We also found disking in combination with herbicide application to vegetated portions of the channel are effective for creating and maintaining highly favorable unobstructed channel widths for whooping cranes in all but the very driest years. As such, resource managers could prioritize the treatment of mid-channel islands that are vegetated to increase the suitability of roosting Habitat for whooping cranes. Keywords: Ecology, Environmental science, Hydrolog
Jason M. Farnsworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Whooping crane use of Riverine stopover sites
PloS one, 2019Co-Authors: David Baasch, Patrick Farrell, Shay Howlin, Aaron T. Pearse, Jason M. Farnsworth, Chadwin B. SmithAbstract:Migratory birds like endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) require suitable nocturnal roost sites during twice annual migrations. Whooping cranes primarily roost in shallow surface water wetlands, ponds, and rivers. All these features have been greatly impacted by human activities, which present threats to the continued recovery of the species. A portion of one such river, the central Platte River, has been identified as critical Habitat for the survival of the endangered whooping crane. Management intervention is now underway to rehabilitate Habitat form and function on the central Platte River to increase use and thereby contribute to the survival of whooping cranes. The goal of our analyses was to develop Habitat selection models that could be used to direct Riverine Habitat management activities (i.e., channel widening, tree removal, flow augmentation, etc.) along the central Platte River and throughout the species' range. As such, we focused our analyses on two robust sets of whooping crane observations and Habitat metrics the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program (Program or PRRIP) and other such organizations could influence. This included channel characteristics such as total channel width, the width of channel unobstructed by dense vegetation, and distance of forest from the edge of the channel and flow-related metrics like wetted width and unit discharge (flow volume per linear meter of wetted channel width) that could be influenced by flow augmentation or reductions during migration. We used 17 years of systematic monitoring data in a discrete-choice framework to evaluate the influence these various metrics have on the relative probability of whooping crane use and found the width of channel unobstructed by dense vegetation and distance to the nearest forest were the best predictors of whooping crane use. Secondly, we used telemetry data obtained from a sample of 38 birds of all ages over the course of seven years, 2010-2016, to evaluate whooping crane use of Riverine Habitat within the North-central Great Plains, USA. For this second analysis, we focused on the two metrics found to be important predictors of whooping crane use along the central Platte River, unobstructed channel width and distance to nearest forest or wooded area. Our findings indicate resource managers, such as the Program, have the potential to influence whooping crane use of the central Platte River through removal of in-channel vegetation to increase the unobstructed width of narrow channels and through removal of trees along the bank line to increase unforested corridor widths. Results of both analyses also indicated that increases in relative probability of use by whooping cranes did not appreciably increase with unobstructed views ≥200 m wide and unforested corridor widths that were ≥330 m. Therefore, managing Riverine sites for channels widths >200 m and removing trees beyond 165 m from the channel's edge would increase costs associated with implementing management actions such as channel and bank-line disking, removing trees, augmenting flow, etc. without necessarily realizing an additional appreciable increase in use by migrating whooping cranes.
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Investigating whooping crane Habitat in relation to hydrology, channel morphology and a water-centric management strategy on the central Platte River, Nebraska.
Heliyon, 2018Co-Authors: Jason M. Farnsworth, David Baasch, Chadwin B. Smith, Patrick D. Farrell, Kevin L. WerbyloAbstract:The Flow-Sediment-Mechanical approach is one of two management strategies presented in the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program's (Program) Adaptive Management Plan to create and maintain suitable Riverine Habitat (≥200 m wide unobstructed channels) for whooping cranes (Grus americana). The Program's Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy consists of sediment augmentation, mechanical vegetation clearing and channel widening, channel consolidation, and short duration high flow releases of 142-227 m3/s for three to five days in two out of three years in order to increase the unvegetated width of the main channel and, by extension, create and maintain suitable Habitat for whooping crane use. We examined the influence of a range of hydrologic and physical metrics on total unvegetated channel width (TUCW) and maximum unobstructed channel width (MUOCW) during the period of 2007-2015 and applied those findings to assess the performance of the Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy for creating and maintaining whooping crane roosting Habitat. Our investigation highlights uncertainties that are introduced when exploring the relationship between physical process drivers and species Habitat metrics. We identified a strong positive relationship between peak flows and TUCW and MUOCW within the Associated Habitat Reach of the central Platte River. However, the peak discharge magnitude and duration needed to create highly favorable whooping crane roosting Habitat within our study area are much greater than short duration high flow releases, as currently envisioned. We also found disking in combination with herbicide application to vegetated portions of the channel are effective for creating and maintaining highly favorable unobstructed channel widths for whooping cranes in all but the very driest years. As such, resource managers could prioritize the treatment of mid-channel islands that are vegetated to increase the suitability of roosting Habitat for whooping cranes.
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Investigating whooping crane Habitat in relation to hydrology, channel morphology and a water-centric management strategy on the central Platte River, Nebraska
Elsevier, 2018Co-Authors: Jason M. Farnsworth, David Baasch, Chadwin B. Smith, Patrick D. Farrell, Kevin L. WerbyloAbstract:The Flow-Sediment-Mechanical approach is one of two management strategies presented in the Platte River Recovery Implementation Program's (Program) Adaptive Management Plan to create and maintain suitable Riverine Habitat (≥200 m wide unobstructed channels) for whooping cranes (Grus americana). The Program's Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy consists of sediment augmentation, mechanical vegetation clearing and channel widening, channel consolidation, and short duration high flow releases of 142–227 m3/s for three to five days in two out of three years in order to increase the unvegetated width of the main channel and, by extension, create and maintain suitable Habitat for whooping crane use. We examined the influence of a range of hydrologic and physical metrics on total unvegetated channel width (TUCW) and maximum unobstructed channel width (MUOCW) during the period of 2007–2015 and applied those findings to assess the performance of the Flow-Sediment-Mechanical management strategy for creating and maintaining whooping crane roosting Habitat. Our investigation highlights uncertainties that are introduced when exploring the relationship between physical process drivers and species Habitat metrics. We identified a strong positive relationship between peak flows and TUCW and MUOCW within the Associated Habitat Reach of the central Platte River. However, the peak discharge magnitude and duration needed to create highly favorable whooping crane roosting Habitat within our study area are much greater than short duration high flow releases, as currently envisioned. We also found disking in combination with herbicide application to vegetated portions of the channel are effective for creating and maintaining highly favorable unobstructed channel widths for whooping cranes in all but the very driest years. As such, resource managers could prioritize the treatment of mid-channel islands that are vegetated to increase the suitability of roosting Habitat for whooping cranes. Keywords: Ecology, Environmental science, Hydrolog
C. Qualls - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conservation genetics of the yellow-blotched sawback Graptemys flavimaculata (Testudines: Emydidae)
Conservation Genetics, 2013Co-Authors: W. Selman, B. Kreiser, C. QuallsAbstract:Turtles within the genus Graptemys are increasingly becoming a group of conservation priority due to (1) the number of species endemic to single Gulf of Mexico rivers and (2) human alterations of Riverine Habitat. The yellow-blotched sawback ( Graptemys flavimaculata ) is a federally threatened species that is endemic to the Pascagoula River system of southeastern Mississippi, USA. Currently, there is nothing known about genetic variation and population structure in G. flavimaculata . We used microsatellite data to analyze population genetic structure, assess historical demography, and determine effective population size at six sites throughout the Pascagoula River system. Considerable genetic diversity was found within each site (mean allelic richness: 6.65–8.08) and two analyses found no evidence of genetic bottlenecks. All of the pairwise F _ ST values, while low (average = 0.026), were significant, with most sites possessing one or more private alleles. Pairwise F _ ST values with the Escatawpa River site were larger (0.030–0.047), which likely reflect its historical isolation. Genetic distance was correlated to geographic distance between sites, with the exception of the Escatawpa River site; a similar pattern was also found with estimates of recent rates of migration among sites. While an analysis of molecular variance indicated that most variation was partitioned within rather than among sites, STRUCTURE analysis strongly supported the recognition of two distinct groups (mainstem Pascagoula vs. Escatawpa), with the possibility of additional substructure within the mainstem Pascagoula.
J. J. King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The spatial ecology of brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) and dace ( Leuciscus leuciscus ) in an artificially impounded Riverine Habitat: results from an acoustic telemetry study
Aquatic Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: J. D. Barry, P. Mcloone, C. J. Fitzgerald, J. J. KingAbstract:Determining where fish are distributed across days and seasons is valuable for understanding their ecology, evolution and conservation. The results presented here provide insight into the spatial and temporal distribution of brown trout (native salmonid species) and dace (invasive cyprinid species) in an artificially impounded section of lowland river, demonstrating that both species remain relatively local to their release point and do not exhibit wide-ranging movements from late summer into winter. Commonalities in the movement patterns were observed between the species despite their contrasting life histories, but there were also important differences observed both in their home range and activity patterns over the duration of the study. In general dace were much more active than trout. Both trout and dace exhibited clear crepuscular peaks in movement with higher displacement rates being observed during dawn and dusk periods which remained consistent over the duration of the study. Both species exhibited a high residency which may be a direct result of the artificial barrier present, promoting residency. Trout showed a significant increase in displacement rates and a drop in residency in November which may represent putative spawning behaviour. In general home range sizes remained stable over the tracking period for both species. Home range size was affected by fish length for both species, with larger individuals being more localised then smaller individuals. We propose that the diel patterns observed are primarily driven by foraging activity and opportunity which changes with seasonal influences and onset of potential spawning period and/or overwintering behaviour. This study demonstrates how data derived from telemetry studies can reveal movement behaviours of fish species associated with undertaking basic ecological requirements (feeding, shelter etc.) which are regulated by variation in the environment. Understanding the interplay between the environment and an animal’s behaviour is important from a conservation management perspective with increasing environmental pressures and predicted regime changes. From a fishery management viewpoint these data can feed into stock status monitoring in difficult to monitor impounded lowland Riverine Habitat and also increase our understanding of how potential human induced changes affect fish populations.
