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G.-j. Roelofs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Global impact of Road Traffic emissions on tropospheric ozone
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007Co-Authors: S. Matthes, V. Grewe, R. Sausen, G.-j. RoelofsAbstract:Road Traffic is one of the major anthropogenic emission sectors for NOx, CO and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons). We applied ECHAM4/CBM, a general circulation model coupled to a chemistry module, which includes higher hydrocarbons, to investigate the global impact of 1990 Road Traffic emissions on the atmosphere. Improving over previous global modelling studies, which concentrated on Road Traffic NOx and CO emissions only, we assess the impact of NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. It is revealed that NMHC emissions from Road Traffic play a key role for the impact on ozone. They are responsible for (indirect) long-range transport of NOx from Road Traffic via the formation of PAN, which is not found in a simulation without NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. Long-range transport of NMHC-induced PAN impacts on the ozone distribution in Northern Hemisphere regions far away from the sources, especially in arctic and remote maritime regions. In July total Road Traffic emissions (NOx, CO and NMHCs) contribute to the zonally averaged ozone distribution by more than 12% near the surface in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and arctic latitudes. In January Road Traffic emissions contribute near the surface in northern and southern extratropics more than 8%. Sensitivity studies for regional emission show that effective transport of Road Traffic emissions occurs mainly in the free troposphere. In tropical latitudes of America up to an altitude of 200 hPa, global Road Traffic emissions contribute about 8% to the ozone concentration. In arctic latitudes NMHC emissions from Road transport are responsible for about 90% of PAN increase from Road transport, leading to a contribution to ozone concentrations of up to 15%.
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Global impact of Road Traffic emissions on tropospheric ozone
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2005Co-Authors: S. Matthes, V. Grewe, R. Sausen, G.-j. RoelofsAbstract:Road Traffic is one of the major anthropogenic emission sectors for NOx, CO and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons). We applied ECHAM4/CBM, a general circulation model coupled to a chemistry module, which includes higher hydrocarbons, to investigate the global impact of Road Traffic emissions on the atmosphere. Improving over previous global modelling studies, which concentrated on Road Traffic NOx and CO-emissions only, we assess the impact of NMHC-emissions from Road Traffic. It is revealed that NMHC-emissions from Road Traffic play a key role for the impact on ozone. They are responsible for (indirect) long-range transport of NOx from Road Traffic via the formation of PAN, which is not found in a simulation without NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. Long-range transport of NMHC-induced PAN impacts on the ozone distribution in northern hemisphere regions far away from the sources, especially in Arctic and remote maritime regions. There, during subsidence, PAN acts as a source for NOx, caused by thermal decay. Hence, ozone is produced. In July total Road Traffic emissions (NOx, CO and NMHCs) contribute to the zonally averaged ozone distribution by more than 12% near the surface in the northern hemisphere midlatitudes and arctic latitudes. In January Road Traffic emissions contribute near the surface in northern and southern extratropics more than 8%. Sensitivity studies for regional emission show that effective transport of Road Traffic emissions occurs mainly in the free troposphere. In tropical latitudes of America up to an altitude of 200 hPa, global Road Traffic emissions contribute about 4% to the ozone concentration.
S. Matthes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Global impact of Road Traffic emissions on tropospheric ozone
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007Co-Authors: S. Matthes, V. Grewe, R. Sausen, G.-j. RoelofsAbstract:Road Traffic is one of the major anthropogenic emission sectors for NOx, CO and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons). We applied ECHAM4/CBM, a general circulation model coupled to a chemistry module, which includes higher hydrocarbons, to investigate the global impact of 1990 Road Traffic emissions on the atmosphere. Improving over previous global modelling studies, which concentrated on Road Traffic NOx and CO emissions only, we assess the impact of NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. It is revealed that NMHC emissions from Road Traffic play a key role for the impact on ozone. They are responsible for (indirect) long-range transport of NOx from Road Traffic via the formation of PAN, which is not found in a simulation without NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. Long-range transport of NMHC-induced PAN impacts on the ozone distribution in Northern Hemisphere regions far away from the sources, especially in arctic and remote maritime regions. In July total Road Traffic emissions (NOx, CO and NMHCs) contribute to the zonally averaged ozone distribution by more than 12% near the surface in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and arctic latitudes. In January Road Traffic emissions contribute near the surface in northern and southern extratropics more than 8%. Sensitivity studies for regional emission show that effective transport of Road Traffic emissions occurs mainly in the free troposphere. In tropical latitudes of America up to an altitude of 200 hPa, global Road Traffic emissions contribute about 8% to the ozone concentration. In arctic latitudes NMHC emissions from Road transport are responsible for about 90% of PAN increase from Road transport, leading to a contribution to ozone concentrations of up to 15%.
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Global impact of Road Traffic emissions on tropospheric ozone
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2005Co-Authors: S. Matthes, V. Grewe, R. Sausen, G.-j. RoelofsAbstract:Road Traffic is one of the major anthropogenic emission sectors for NOx, CO and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons). We applied ECHAM4/CBM, a general circulation model coupled to a chemistry module, which includes higher hydrocarbons, to investigate the global impact of Road Traffic emissions on the atmosphere. Improving over previous global modelling studies, which concentrated on Road Traffic NOx and CO-emissions only, we assess the impact of NMHC-emissions from Road Traffic. It is revealed that NMHC-emissions from Road Traffic play a key role for the impact on ozone. They are responsible for (indirect) long-range transport of NOx from Road Traffic via the formation of PAN, which is not found in a simulation without NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. Long-range transport of NMHC-induced PAN impacts on the ozone distribution in northern hemisphere regions far away from the sources, especially in Arctic and remote maritime regions. There, during subsidence, PAN acts as a source for NOx, caused by thermal decay. Hence, ozone is produced. In July total Road Traffic emissions (NOx, CO and NMHCs) contribute to the zonally averaged ozone distribution by more than 12% near the surface in the northern hemisphere midlatitudes and arctic latitudes. In January Road Traffic emissions contribute near the surface in northern and southern extratropics more than 8%. Sensitivity studies for regional emission show that effective transport of Road Traffic emissions occurs mainly in the free troposphere. In tropical latitudes of America up to an altitude of 200 hPa, global Road Traffic emissions contribute about 4% to the ozone concentration.
R. Sausen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Global impact of Road Traffic emissions on tropospheric ozone
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007Co-Authors: S. Matthes, V. Grewe, R. Sausen, G.-j. RoelofsAbstract:Road Traffic is one of the major anthropogenic emission sectors for NOx, CO and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons). We applied ECHAM4/CBM, a general circulation model coupled to a chemistry module, which includes higher hydrocarbons, to investigate the global impact of 1990 Road Traffic emissions on the atmosphere. Improving over previous global modelling studies, which concentrated on Road Traffic NOx and CO emissions only, we assess the impact of NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. It is revealed that NMHC emissions from Road Traffic play a key role for the impact on ozone. They are responsible for (indirect) long-range transport of NOx from Road Traffic via the formation of PAN, which is not found in a simulation without NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. Long-range transport of NMHC-induced PAN impacts on the ozone distribution in Northern Hemisphere regions far away from the sources, especially in arctic and remote maritime regions. In July total Road Traffic emissions (NOx, CO and NMHCs) contribute to the zonally averaged ozone distribution by more than 12% near the surface in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and arctic latitudes. In January Road Traffic emissions contribute near the surface in northern and southern extratropics more than 8%. Sensitivity studies for regional emission show that effective transport of Road Traffic emissions occurs mainly in the free troposphere. In tropical latitudes of America up to an altitude of 200 hPa, global Road Traffic emissions contribute about 8% to the ozone concentration. In arctic latitudes NMHC emissions from Road transport are responsible for about 90% of PAN increase from Road transport, leading to a contribution to ozone concentrations of up to 15%.
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Global impact of Road Traffic emissions on tropospheric ozone
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2005Co-Authors: S. Matthes, V. Grewe, R. Sausen, G.-j. RoelofsAbstract:Road Traffic is one of the major anthropogenic emission sectors for NOx, CO and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons). We applied ECHAM4/CBM, a general circulation model coupled to a chemistry module, which includes higher hydrocarbons, to investigate the global impact of Road Traffic emissions on the atmosphere. Improving over previous global modelling studies, which concentrated on Road Traffic NOx and CO-emissions only, we assess the impact of NMHC-emissions from Road Traffic. It is revealed that NMHC-emissions from Road Traffic play a key role for the impact on ozone. They are responsible for (indirect) long-range transport of NOx from Road Traffic via the formation of PAN, which is not found in a simulation without NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. Long-range transport of NMHC-induced PAN impacts on the ozone distribution in northern hemisphere regions far away from the sources, especially in Arctic and remote maritime regions. There, during subsidence, PAN acts as a source for NOx, caused by thermal decay. Hence, ozone is produced. In July total Road Traffic emissions (NOx, CO and NMHCs) contribute to the zonally averaged ozone distribution by more than 12% near the surface in the northern hemisphere midlatitudes and arctic latitudes. In January Road Traffic emissions contribute near the surface in northern and southern extratropics more than 8%. Sensitivity studies for regional emission show that effective transport of Road Traffic emissions occurs mainly in the free troposphere. In tropical latitudes of America up to an altitude of 200 hPa, global Road Traffic emissions contribute about 4% to the ozone concentration.
V. Grewe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Global impact of Road Traffic emissions on tropospheric ozone
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007Co-Authors: S. Matthes, V. Grewe, R. Sausen, G.-j. RoelofsAbstract:Road Traffic is one of the major anthropogenic emission sectors for NOx, CO and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons). We applied ECHAM4/CBM, a general circulation model coupled to a chemistry module, which includes higher hydrocarbons, to investigate the global impact of 1990 Road Traffic emissions on the atmosphere. Improving over previous global modelling studies, which concentrated on Road Traffic NOx and CO emissions only, we assess the impact of NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. It is revealed that NMHC emissions from Road Traffic play a key role for the impact on ozone. They are responsible for (indirect) long-range transport of NOx from Road Traffic via the formation of PAN, which is not found in a simulation without NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. Long-range transport of NMHC-induced PAN impacts on the ozone distribution in Northern Hemisphere regions far away from the sources, especially in arctic and remote maritime regions. In July total Road Traffic emissions (NOx, CO and NMHCs) contribute to the zonally averaged ozone distribution by more than 12% near the surface in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and arctic latitudes. In January Road Traffic emissions contribute near the surface in northern and southern extratropics more than 8%. Sensitivity studies for regional emission show that effective transport of Road Traffic emissions occurs mainly in the free troposphere. In tropical latitudes of America up to an altitude of 200 hPa, global Road Traffic emissions contribute about 8% to the ozone concentration. In arctic latitudes NMHC emissions from Road transport are responsible for about 90% of PAN increase from Road transport, leading to a contribution to ozone concentrations of up to 15%.
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Global impact of Road Traffic emissions on tropospheric ozone
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2005Co-Authors: S. Matthes, V. Grewe, R. Sausen, G.-j. RoelofsAbstract:Road Traffic is one of the major anthropogenic emission sectors for NOx, CO and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons). We applied ECHAM4/CBM, a general circulation model coupled to a chemistry module, which includes higher hydrocarbons, to investigate the global impact of Road Traffic emissions on the atmosphere. Improving over previous global modelling studies, which concentrated on Road Traffic NOx and CO-emissions only, we assess the impact of NMHC-emissions from Road Traffic. It is revealed that NMHC-emissions from Road Traffic play a key role for the impact on ozone. They are responsible for (indirect) long-range transport of NOx from Road Traffic via the formation of PAN, which is not found in a simulation without NMHC emissions from Road Traffic. Long-range transport of NMHC-induced PAN impacts on the ozone distribution in northern hemisphere regions far away from the sources, especially in Arctic and remote maritime regions. There, during subsidence, PAN acts as a source for NOx, caused by thermal decay. Hence, ozone is produced. In July total Road Traffic emissions (NOx, CO and NMHCs) contribute to the zonally averaged ozone distribution by more than 12% near the surface in the northern hemisphere midlatitudes and arctic latitudes. In January Road Traffic emissions contribute near the surface in northern and southern extratropics more than 8%. Sensitivity studies for regional emission show that effective transport of Road Traffic emissions occurs mainly in the free troposphere. In tropical latitudes of America up to an altitude of 200 hPa, global Road Traffic emissions contribute about 4% to the ozone concentration.
Djamel Ouis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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annoyance from Road Traffic noise a review
Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: Djamel OuisAbstract:Abstract In this paper the negative effects resulting from exposure to Road Traffic noise on people's well being is reviewed in the light of the latest published findings. Annoyance is particularly focused on, which is considered to be one of the first and most widespread reactions to environmental noise. The nonauditory effects of noise on humans are viewed as being generally stress-related, following observations that noise exposures engender physiological reactions typical to those of stress. First, a short presentation is made of what noise in general is. Subsequently, in order to assess some subjective judgements of noise, some of the important noise descriptors, which are often used to quantify various aspects of Road Traffic noise are introduced. In general terms, it is found from the present review that the continuous exposure of people to Road Traffic noise leads to suffering from various kinds of discomfort, thus reducing appreciably the number of their well-being elements. Drawing such a conclusion is hindered by difficulties when nonacoustical factors, for instance socio-economic situation, age and gender, are also taken into account along with the usual acoustical factors of Road Traffic noise. One of people's first and direct reactions to noise is in terms of annoyance. The results of several decades of research on this topic have permitted lately the establishment of a more or less quantitative relationship between the objective quantities characterizing Road Traffic noise and the human subjective reaction to it as expressed by annoyance. These findings are important at both the society and the individual level, in as much as they may help in regulating in a more efficient way the planning of Road Traffic activity in order to secure at least the minimum of comfort to the affected population.
