The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Laura Poatsy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The social Role theory of unethical leadership
The Leadership Quarterly, 2013Co-Authors: Crystal L. Hoyt, Terry L. Price, Laura PoatsyAbstract:Abstract Challenging the standard reasoning regarding leaders' ethical failures, we argue that a potent contributor to these failures is the social Role Expectations of leaders. We maintain that leaders' central Role Expectation of goal achievement contributes to the over-valuing of group goals and greater moral permissibility of the means used to achieve these goals. In studies 1 and 2 we demonstrated that the Role of leader, relative to group member, is associated with an increased appraisal of group goals which is predicted by the leaders' Role Expectations and not driven by the psychological effects of power. Next, we experimentally demonstrated the importance of both Role Expectations of leadership and group goal importance in leaders' justification to engage in morally questionable behavior to achieve group goals. Finally, we supported the social Role predictions in a laboratory experiment by assigning people to Roles and assessing goal importance and unethical decision-making and behaviors.
Makoto Kyougoku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of achievement motive on purpose in life, social participation, Role Expectation, self-efficacy, and physical function by a longitudinal research study in Japan: using multilevel structural equation modeling
2017Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sano, Makoto KyougokuAbstract:Objective: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the achievement motive on important variables such as the purpose in life and social participation with objective physical functions in predicting within-person fluctuations and between-person differences using longitudinal research in community-dwelling Japanese elderly people. Methods: The final dataset consisted of 227 persons (men: 109, women: 118) from day-service centers through testing at three time points. The tests comprised a questionnaire on the achievement motive, purpose in life and so on and the measurement of physical functions. We verified the following hypothesis model; 1) achievement motive works on improvement of the purpose in life, social participation, self-efficacy, and Role Expectation, 2) social participation and Role Expectation improve the purpose in life, 3) hobbies and going out affect the purpose in life, 4) social participation and physical function affect the increase in going out, 5) achievement motive and social participation improve physical function and increase Role Expectation and hobbies, and 6) self-efficacy improves social participation and the purpose in life. Our hypothesized model was based on previous research and was analyzed using a multilevel structural equation modeling approach. Results: The modified hypothesis model without hobby, grip strength, and gait speed exhibited an adequate model fit: comparative fit index = 0.904, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.775, root mean square error of approximation = 0.064, Akaike’s information criterion = 25201.17, Bayesian information criterion = 25389.59, and adjusted BIC = 25256.24. Within level, the achievement motive had significant direct effects on the purpose in life, social participation, and self-efficacy. In addition, there were significant indirect effects of the achievement motive on the purpose in life through social participation and on social participation through self-efficacy. Between level, the achievement motive had significant direct effects on all variables and significant indirect effects on the purpose in life, social participation, and going out. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the implications of achievement motive for the purpose in life, social participation and self-efficacy of the participation at the within person and between people levels. Consequently, we understood that the achievement motive could strongly affect between-person differences more than within-person fluctuations during a short period of six months.
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An analysis of structural relationship among achievement motive on social participation, purpose in life, and Role Expectations among community dwelling elderly attending day services.
PeerJ, 2016Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sano, Makoto KyougokuAbstract:Background. Achievement motive is defined as the intention to achieve one’s goals. Achievement motive is assumed to promote clients to choices and actions toward their valuable goal, so it is an important consideration in rehabilitation. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the structural relationship among achievement motive on purpose in life, social participation, and Role Expectation of community-dwelling elderly people. Methods. Participants were community-dwelling elderly people in day-service centers. A total of 281 participants (male: 127, female: 154) answered the self-administered questionnaire in cross-sectional research. The questionnaire was comprised of demographic data and scales that evaluated achievement motive, social participation, purpose in life, and Role Expectation. We studied the structural relationship established by our hypothesized model via a structural equation modeling approach. Results. We checked the standardized path coefficients and the modification indices; the modified model’s statistics were a good fit: CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.050, 90% CI [0.044–0.055]. Achievement motive had a significantly direct effect on purpose in life (direct effect = 0.445, p value < 0.001), a significantly indirect effect on purpose in life via social participation or Role Expectation (indirect effect = 0.170, p value < 0.001) and a total effect on purpose in life (total effect = 0.615). Discussion. This result suggests that enhancing the intention to achieve one’s goals enables participants to feel a spirit of challenge with a purpose and a sense of fulfillment in their daily lives.
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The effect of achievement motive on social participation, ikigai, and Role Expectations in community-dwelling elderly people by using cross-sectional research
2015Co-Authors: Nobuyuki Sano, Makoto KyougokuAbstract:Background: Achievement motive is defined as the intention to achieve one's goals. It is an important consideration in rehabilitation. However, previous studies have not demonstrated the causal relationship between achievement motive and a more enhanced quality of life such as the concept of ikigai and Role Expectation. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of achievement motive on ikigai, social participation, and Role Expectations of community-dwelling elderly people. Method: Participants were community-dwelling elderly people in day-service centers. A total of 281 participants (male: 127, female: 154) answered the self-administered questionnaire in cross-sectional research. The questionnaire comprised demographic data and scales that evaluated achievement motive, social participation, ikigai, and Role Expectation. We studied the causal relationship established on our hypothesized model by a structural equation modeling approach. Results: We checked the standardized path coefficients and the modification indices, and the modified model were good fit statistics: CFI = .984, TLI = .983, RMSEA = .050, 90% CI [.044, 055]. Achievement motive had a significant direct effect on ikigai (direct effect = .455, p value = .000), a significant indirect effect on ikigai via social participation or Role Expectation (indirect effect = .170, p value = .000) and a total effect on ikigai (total effect = .615). Discussion: This result suggested that enhancing the intention to achieve one's goals enables participants to feel a spirit of challenge with a purpose and a sense of fulfillment in daily living. At the same time, engaging in important activities for oneself as well as recognizing one's Role in society enables participants to experience a willingness to help others. We recommend that rehabilitation therapists collaborate with their clients to form new goals based on the client's achievement motive.
Tionni R. Wenrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intra-Family Role Expectations and Reluctance to Change Identified as Key Barriers to Expanding Vegetable Consumption Patterns during Interactive Family-Based Program for Appalachian Low-Income Food Preparers
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2012Co-Authors: J. Lynne Brown, Tionni R. WenrichAbstract:Few Americans eat sufficient vegetables, especially the protective deep orange and dark green vegetables. To address this, a community-based wellness program to broaden vegetables served at evening meals targeting Appalachian food preparers and their families was tested in a randomized, controlled intervention. Food preparers (n=50) were predominately married (88%), white (98%), and female (94%), with several children living at home. Experimental food preparers (n=25) attended the program sessions and controls (n=25) were mailed relevant handouts and recipes. At program sessions, participants received nutrition information, hands-on cooking instruction, and prepared recipes to take home for family evaluation. As qualitative assessment, 10 couples from each treatment group (n=20 couples) were randomly selected for baseline and immediate post-intervention interviews to explore impact on the food preparer's family. These in-depth interviews with the food preparer and their adult partner were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers conducted thematic analysis using constant comparison. Family flexibility about food choices was assessed using Roles, rules, and power concepts from Family Systems Theory. Interviews at baseline revealed dinner vegetable variety was very limited because food preparers served only what everyone liked (a Role Expectation) and deferred to male partner and children's narrow vegetable preferences (power). Control couples reported no change in vegetable dinner variety post-intervention. Most experimental couples reported in-home tasting and evaluation was worthwhile and somewhat broadened vegetables served at dinners. But the Role Expectation of serving only what everyone liked and the practice of honoring powerful family members' vegetable preferences remained major barriers to change.
Rajeev Srivastava - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of short questionnaire to measure an extended set of Role Expectation conflict coworker support and work life balance the new job stress scale
Cogent Business & Management, 2016Co-Authors: Abhishek Shukla, Rajeev SrivastavaAbstract:AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of a new version of job stress scale, which measures the extended set of psychosocial stressors by adding new scales to the current version of the job stress scale. Additional scales were extensively collected from theoretical job stress models and similar questionnaire from different countries. Items were tested in workplace and refined through a pilot survey (n = 400) to examine the reliability and construct validity. Most scales showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, intra-class reliability, and test–retest reliability. Factor analysis and correlation analysis showed that these scales fit the theoretical Expectations. These findings provided enough evidences that the new job stress scale is reliable and valid. Although confirmatory analysis should be examined in future studies. The new job stress scale is a useful instrument for organization and academicians to evaluate job stress in modern Indian workplace.
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management research article development of short questionnaire to measure an extended set of Role Expectation conflict coworker support and work life balance the new job stress scale
2016Co-Authors: Abhishek Shukla, Rajeev SrivastavaAbstract:1 Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of a new ver- sion of job stress scale, which measures the extended set of psychosocial stressors by adding new scales to the current version of the job stress scale. Additional scales were extensively collected from theoretical job stress models and similar question- naire from different countries. Items were tested in workplace and refined through a pilot survey (n = 400) to examine the reliability and construct validity. Most scales showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, intra-class reliability, and test-re- test reliability. Factor analysis and correlation analysis showed that these scales fit the theoretical Expectations. These findings provided enough evidences that the new job stress scale is reliable and valid. Although confirmatory analysis should be examined in future studies. The new job stress scale is a useful instrument for orga- nization and academicians to evaluate job stress in modern Indian workplace.
Crystal L. Hoyt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The social Role theory of unethical leadership
The Leadership Quarterly, 2013Co-Authors: Crystal L. Hoyt, Terry L. Price, Laura PoatsyAbstract:Abstract Challenging the standard reasoning regarding leaders' ethical failures, we argue that a potent contributor to these failures is the social Role Expectations of leaders. We maintain that leaders' central Role Expectation of goal achievement contributes to the over-valuing of group goals and greater moral permissibility of the means used to achieve these goals. In studies 1 and 2 we demonstrated that the Role of leader, relative to group member, is associated with an increased appraisal of group goals which is predicted by the leaders' Role Expectations and not driven by the psychological effects of power. Next, we experimentally demonstrated the importance of both Role Expectations of leadership and group goal importance in leaders' justification to engage in morally questionable behavior to achieve group goals. Finally, we supported the social Role predictions in a laboratory experiment by assigning people to Roles and assessing goal importance and unethical decision-making and behaviors.
