The Experts below are selected from a list of 276 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lih-sheng Turng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wavy small diameter vascular graft made of eggshell membrane and thermoplastic polyurethane
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2020Co-Authors: Brett N. Napiwocki, Yiyang Xu, Wendy C Crone, Jue Zhang, Xiaofeng Wang, Xiang Zhang, Qian Li, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:Abstract In this study, a small-diameter, double-layered eggshell membrane/thermoplastic polyurethane (ESM/TPU) vascular graft with a wavy structure was developed. The avian eggshell membrane, a fibrous structure similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM), has the potential to yield rapid endothelialization in vitro. The dopamine and heparin modification of the ESM surface not only promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation via cytocompatibility assessment, but also improved its anticoagulation properties as verified in platelet adhesion tests. The biomimetic mechanical properties of the vascular graft were provided by the elastic TPU fibers via electrospinning using a wavy cross-section Rotating Collector. The advantage of combining these two materials is to make use of the bioactivity of ESM as the internal membrane and the tunable mechanical properties of TPU as the external layer. The circumferentially wavy structure of the vascular graft produced a toe region in the non-linear section of the stress–strain curve similar to that of natural blood vessels. The ESM/TPU graft's circumferential ultimate strength was 2.57 MPa, its strain was 339% mm/mm, and its toe region was found to be around 20% mm/mm. Cyclical tension tests showed that the vascular graft could maintain good mechanical properties and showed no structural damage under repeated extension tests.
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Fabrication and modification of wavy multicomponent vascular grafts with biomimetic mechanical properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelial cell affinity.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, 2019Co-Authors: Haoyang Mi, Xin Jing, Zhutong Li, James A. Thomson, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:A mismatch of mechanical properties and a high rate of thromboses are two critical challenges of creating viable artificial small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs). Herein, we propose a method to fabricate wavy multicomponent vascular grafts (WMVGs) via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector. The WMVGs consisted of a wavy silk/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) inner layer and a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) outer layer, which mimic the structures and properties of collagen and elastin in native blood vessels, respectively. Attributed to the wavy structure and the combination of rigid silk/PLA and elastic TPU biomaterials, WMVGs are capable of mimicking the nonlinear tensile stress-strain relationship and "toe region" of native blood vessels. In addition, they have sufficient mechanical strength to meet implantation requirements in terms of tensile strength, suture retention, and burst pressure. Further modification of silk/PLA fibers with dopamine and heparin gave the grafts antithrombogenic properties and greatly enhanced endothelial cell affinities. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on modified silk/PLA showed high viability, high proliferation rate, and favorable cell-substrate interactions. Moreover, HUVECs were able to fully cover and freely migrate upward on the lumen of the modified WMVGs without needing a special circulation bioreactor. Therefore, the modified WMVGs possessed biomimetic properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelialization, making them a promising candidate for SDVGs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2397-2408, 2019.
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manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Qian Li, Haoyang Mi, Xin Jing, Emily Yu, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:Abstract The success of blood vessel transplants with vascular scaffolds (VSs) highly depends on their structure and mechanical properties. The fabrication of small diameter vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) mimicking the properties of native blood vessels has been a challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid SDVSs via electrospinning using a modified Rotating Collector. By varying the ratio between the TPU and the PCL, and changing the electrospinning volume, SDVSs with a wavy configuration and different properties could be obtained. Detailed investigation revealed that certain TPU/PCL hybrid SDVSs closely resembled the mechanical behaviors of blood vessels due to the presence of a wavy region and the combination of flexible TPU and rigid PCL, which mimicked the properties of elastin and collagen in blood vessels. The fabricated TPU/PCL SDVSs achieved lumen diameters of 1–3 mm, wall thicknesses of 100–570 µm, circumferential moduli of 1–6 MPa, ultimate strengths of 2–8 MPa, over 250% elongation-at-break values, toe regions of 5.3–9.4%, high recoverability, and compliances close to those of human veins. Moreover, these TPU/PCL SDVSs possessed sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure to fulfill transplantation requirements and maintain normal blood flow. Human endothelial cell culture revealed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and cells were able to grow on the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds, indicating promising prospects for use as tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
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Manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector.
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Haoyang Mi, Xiaofeng Wang, Qian Li, Xin Jing, Emily Yu, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:The success of blood vessel transplants with vascular scaffolds (VSs) highly depends on their structure and mechanical properties. The fabrication of small diameter vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) mimicking the properties of native blood vessels has been a challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid SDVSs via electrospinning using a modified Rotating Collector. By varying the ratio between the TPU and the PCL, and changing the electrospinning volume, SDVSs with a wavy configuration and different properties could be obtained. Detailed investigation revealed that certain TPU/PCL hybrid SDVSs closely resembled the mechanical behaviors of blood vessels due to the presence of a wavy region and the combination of flexible TPU and rigid PCL, which mimicked the properties of elastin and collagen in blood vessels. The fabricated TPU/PCL SDVSs achieved lumen diameters of 1-3mm, wall thicknesses of 100-570µm, circumferential moduli of 1-6MPa, ultimate strengths of 2-8MPa, over 250% elongation-at-break values, toe regions of 5.3-9.4%, high recoverability, and compliances close to those of human veins. Moreover, these TPU/PCL SDVSs possessed sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure to fulfill transplantation requirements and maintain normal blood flow. Human endothelial cell culture revealed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and cells were able to grow on the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds, indicating promising prospects for use as tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
Haoyang Mi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fabrication and modification of wavy multicomponent vascular grafts with biomimetic mechanical properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelial cell affinity.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, 2019Co-Authors: Haoyang Mi, Xin Jing, Zhutong Li, James A. Thomson, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:A mismatch of mechanical properties and a high rate of thromboses are two critical challenges of creating viable artificial small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs). Herein, we propose a method to fabricate wavy multicomponent vascular grafts (WMVGs) via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector. The WMVGs consisted of a wavy silk/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) inner layer and a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) outer layer, which mimic the structures and properties of collagen and elastin in native blood vessels, respectively. Attributed to the wavy structure and the combination of rigid silk/PLA and elastic TPU biomaterials, WMVGs are capable of mimicking the nonlinear tensile stress-strain relationship and "toe region" of native blood vessels. In addition, they have sufficient mechanical strength to meet implantation requirements in terms of tensile strength, suture retention, and burst pressure. Further modification of silk/PLA fibers with dopamine and heparin gave the grafts antithrombogenic properties and greatly enhanced endothelial cell affinities. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on modified silk/PLA showed high viability, high proliferation rate, and favorable cell-substrate interactions. Moreover, HUVECs were able to fully cover and freely migrate upward on the lumen of the modified WMVGs without needing a special circulation bioreactor. Therefore, the modified WMVGs possessed biomimetic properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelialization, making them a promising candidate for SDVGs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2397-2408, 2019.
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manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Qian Li, Haoyang Mi, Xin Jing, Emily Yu, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:Abstract The success of blood vessel transplants with vascular scaffolds (VSs) highly depends on their structure and mechanical properties. The fabrication of small diameter vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) mimicking the properties of native blood vessels has been a challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid SDVSs via electrospinning using a modified Rotating Collector. By varying the ratio between the TPU and the PCL, and changing the electrospinning volume, SDVSs with a wavy configuration and different properties could be obtained. Detailed investigation revealed that certain TPU/PCL hybrid SDVSs closely resembled the mechanical behaviors of blood vessels due to the presence of a wavy region and the combination of flexible TPU and rigid PCL, which mimicked the properties of elastin and collagen in blood vessels. The fabricated TPU/PCL SDVSs achieved lumen diameters of 1–3 mm, wall thicknesses of 100–570 µm, circumferential moduli of 1–6 MPa, ultimate strengths of 2–8 MPa, over 250% elongation-at-break values, toe regions of 5.3–9.4%, high recoverability, and compliances close to those of human veins. Moreover, these TPU/PCL SDVSs possessed sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure to fulfill transplantation requirements and maintain normal blood flow. Human endothelial cell culture revealed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and cells were able to grow on the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds, indicating promising prospects for use as tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
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Manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector.
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Haoyang Mi, Xiaofeng Wang, Qian Li, Xin Jing, Emily Yu, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:The success of blood vessel transplants with vascular scaffolds (VSs) highly depends on their structure and mechanical properties. The fabrication of small diameter vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) mimicking the properties of native blood vessels has been a challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid SDVSs via electrospinning using a modified Rotating Collector. By varying the ratio between the TPU and the PCL, and changing the electrospinning volume, SDVSs with a wavy configuration and different properties could be obtained. Detailed investigation revealed that certain TPU/PCL hybrid SDVSs closely resembled the mechanical behaviors of blood vessels due to the presence of a wavy region and the combination of flexible TPU and rigid PCL, which mimicked the properties of elastin and collagen in blood vessels. The fabricated TPU/PCL SDVSs achieved lumen diameters of 1-3mm, wall thicknesses of 100-570µm, circumferential moduli of 1-6MPa, ultimate strengths of 2-8MPa, over 250% elongation-at-break values, toe regions of 5.3-9.4%, high recoverability, and compliances close to those of human veins. Moreover, these TPU/PCL SDVSs possessed sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure to fulfill transplantation requirements and maintain normal blood flow. Human endothelial cell culture revealed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and cells were able to grow on the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds, indicating promising prospects for use as tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
Xin Jing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fabrication and modification of wavy multicomponent vascular grafts with biomimetic mechanical properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelial cell affinity.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, 2019Co-Authors: Haoyang Mi, Xin Jing, Zhutong Li, James A. Thomson, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:A mismatch of mechanical properties and a high rate of thromboses are two critical challenges of creating viable artificial small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs). Herein, we propose a method to fabricate wavy multicomponent vascular grafts (WMVGs) via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector. The WMVGs consisted of a wavy silk/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) inner layer and a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) outer layer, which mimic the structures and properties of collagen and elastin in native blood vessels, respectively. Attributed to the wavy structure and the combination of rigid silk/PLA and elastic TPU biomaterials, WMVGs are capable of mimicking the nonlinear tensile stress-strain relationship and "toe region" of native blood vessels. In addition, they have sufficient mechanical strength to meet implantation requirements in terms of tensile strength, suture retention, and burst pressure. Further modification of silk/PLA fibers with dopamine and heparin gave the grafts antithrombogenic properties and greatly enhanced endothelial cell affinities. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured on modified silk/PLA showed high viability, high proliferation rate, and favorable cell-substrate interactions. Moreover, HUVECs were able to fully cover and freely migrate upward on the lumen of the modified WMVGs without needing a special circulation bioreactor. Therefore, the modified WMVGs possessed biomimetic properties, antithrombogenicity, and enhanced endothelialization, making them a promising candidate for SDVGs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2397-2408, 2019.
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manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Qian Li, Haoyang Mi, Xin Jing, Emily Yu, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:Abstract The success of blood vessel transplants with vascular scaffolds (VSs) highly depends on their structure and mechanical properties. The fabrication of small diameter vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) mimicking the properties of native blood vessels has been a challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid SDVSs via electrospinning using a modified Rotating Collector. By varying the ratio between the TPU and the PCL, and changing the electrospinning volume, SDVSs with a wavy configuration and different properties could be obtained. Detailed investigation revealed that certain TPU/PCL hybrid SDVSs closely resembled the mechanical behaviors of blood vessels due to the presence of a wavy region and the combination of flexible TPU and rigid PCL, which mimicked the properties of elastin and collagen in blood vessels. The fabricated TPU/PCL SDVSs achieved lumen diameters of 1–3 mm, wall thicknesses of 100–570 µm, circumferential moduli of 1–6 MPa, ultimate strengths of 2–8 MPa, over 250% elongation-at-break values, toe regions of 5.3–9.4%, high recoverability, and compliances close to those of human veins. Moreover, these TPU/PCL SDVSs possessed sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure to fulfill transplantation requirements and maintain normal blood flow. Human endothelial cell culture revealed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and cells were able to grow on the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds, indicating promising prospects for use as tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
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Manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector.
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Haoyang Mi, Xiaofeng Wang, Qian Li, Xin Jing, Emily Yu, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:The success of blood vessel transplants with vascular scaffolds (VSs) highly depends on their structure and mechanical properties. The fabrication of small diameter vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) mimicking the properties of native blood vessels has been a challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid SDVSs via electrospinning using a modified Rotating Collector. By varying the ratio between the TPU and the PCL, and changing the electrospinning volume, SDVSs with a wavy configuration and different properties could be obtained. Detailed investigation revealed that certain TPU/PCL hybrid SDVSs closely resembled the mechanical behaviors of blood vessels due to the presence of a wavy region and the combination of flexible TPU and rigid PCL, which mimicked the properties of elastin and collagen in blood vessels. The fabricated TPU/PCL SDVSs achieved lumen diameters of 1-3mm, wall thicknesses of 100-570µm, circumferential moduli of 1-6MPa, ultimate strengths of 2-8MPa, over 250% elongation-at-break values, toe regions of 5.3-9.4%, high recoverability, and compliances close to those of human veins. Moreover, these TPU/PCL SDVSs possessed sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure to fulfill transplantation requirements and maintain normal blood flow. Human endothelial cell culture revealed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and cells were able to grow on the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds, indicating promising prospects for use as tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
Weijiang Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanical and electrical properties of electrospun pvdf mwcnt ultrafine fibers using Rotating Collector
Nanoscale Research Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Shuhua Wang, Weijiang XuAbstract:Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafine fibers with different proportions of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) embedded have been fabricated using a modified electrospinning device with a Rotating Collector. With the increasing of MWCNT content, the β phase was noticeable enhanced, and the fibers became more elastic, which was manifested by Young's modulus decreased drastically. Furthermore, with adding the amounts of MWCNTs, the density of carbon nanotube (CNT)-CNT junctions among the fibers increased accordingly. When the MWCNT content was of 1.2 wt.%, a stable three-dimensional conducting network was formed. After this percolation threshold, the density of CNT-CNT junctions among the fibers tended to be a constant quantity, leading to a stabilized conductivity consequently. It is hoped that our results can be helpful for the fabrication of flexible devices, piezoelectric devices, force transducer, and so on. 81.05.Qk; 81.16.-c
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Mechanical and electrical properties of electrospun PVDF/MWCNT ultrafine fibers using Rotating Collector
Nanoscale Research Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Shuhua Wang, Weijiang XuAbstract:Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafine fibers with different proportions of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) embedded have been fabricated using a modified electrospinning device with a Rotating Collector. With the increasing of MWCNT content, the β phase was noticeable enhanced, and the fibers became more elastic, which was manifested by Young's modulus decreased drastically. Furthermore, with adding the amounts of MWCNTs, the density of carbon nanotube (CNT)-CNT junctions among the fibers increased accordingly. When the MWCNT content was of 1.2 wt.%, a stable three-dimensional conducting network was formed. After this percolation threshold, the density of CNT-CNT junctions among the fibers tended to be a constant quantity, leading to a stabilized conductivity consequently. It is hoped that our results can be helpful for the fabrication of flexible devices, piezoelectric devices, force transducer, and so on. 81.05.Qk; 81.16.-c
Xiaofeng Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wavy small diameter vascular graft made of eggshell membrane and thermoplastic polyurethane
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2020Co-Authors: Brett N. Napiwocki, Yiyang Xu, Wendy C Crone, Jue Zhang, Xiaofeng Wang, Xiang Zhang, Qian Li, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:Abstract In this study, a small-diameter, double-layered eggshell membrane/thermoplastic polyurethane (ESM/TPU) vascular graft with a wavy structure was developed. The avian eggshell membrane, a fibrous structure similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM), has the potential to yield rapid endothelialization in vitro. The dopamine and heparin modification of the ESM surface not only promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation via cytocompatibility assessment, but also improved its anticoagulation properties as verified in platelet adhesion tests. The biomimetic mechanical properties of the vascular graft were provided by the elastic TPU fibers via electrospinning using a wavy cross-section Rotating Collector. The advantage of combining these two materials is to make use of the bioactivity of ESM as the internal membrane and the tunable mechanical properties of TPU as the external layer. The circumferentially wavy structure of the vascular graft produced a toe region in the non-linear section of the stress–strain curve similar to that of natural blood vessels. The ESM/TPU graft's circumferential ultimate strength was 2.57 MPa, its strain was 339% mm/mm, and its toe region was found to be around 20% mm/mm. Cyclical tension tests showed that the vascular graft could maintain good mechanical properties and showed no structural damage under repeated extension tests.
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manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Qian Li, Haoyang Mi, Xin Jing, Emily Yu, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:Abstract The success of blood vessel transplants with vascular scaffolds (VSs) highly depends on their structure and mechanical properties. The fabrication of small diameter vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) mimicking the properties of native blood vessels has been a challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid SDVSs via electrospinning using a modified Rotating Collector. By varying the ratio between the TPU and the PCL, and changing the electrospinning volume, SDVSs with a wavy configuration and different properties could be obtained. Detailed investigation revealed that certain TPU/PCL hybrid SDVSs closely resembled the mechanical behaviors of blood vessels due to the presence of a wavy region and the combination of flexible TPU and rigid PCL, which mimicked the properties of elastin and collagen in blood vessels. The fabricated TPU/PCL SDVSs achieved lumen diameters of 1–3 mm, wall thicknesses of 100–570 µm, circumferential moduli of 1–6 MPa, ultimate strengths of 2–8 MPa, over 250% elongation-at-break values, toe regions of 5.3–9.4%, high recoverability, and compliances close to those of human veins. Moreover, these TPU/PCL SDVSs possessed sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure to fulfill transplantation requirements and maintain normal blood flow. Human endothelial cell culture revealed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and cells were able to grow on the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds, indicating promising prospects for use as tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
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Manipulating the structure and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolactone hybrid small diameter vascular scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning using an assembled Rotating Collector.
Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2017Co-Authors: Haoyang Mi, Xiaofeng Wang, Qian Li, Xin Jing, Emily Yu, Lih-sheng TurngAbstract:The success of blood vessel transplants with vascular scaffolds (VSs) highly depends on their structure and mechanical properties. The fabrication of small diameter vascular scaffolds (SDVSs) mimicking the properties of native blood vessels has been a challenge. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid SDVSs via electrospinning using a modified Rotating Collector. By varying the ratio between the TPU and the PCL, and changing the electrospinning volume, SDVSs with a wavy configuration and different properties could be obtained. Detailed investigation revealed that certain TPU/PCL hybrid SDVSs closely resembled the mechanical behaviors of blood vessels due to the presence of a wavy region and the combination of flexible TPU and rigid PCL, which mimicked the properties of elastin and collagen in blood vessels. The fabricated TPU/PCL SDVSs achieved lumen diameters of 1-3mm, wall thicknesses of 100-570µm, circumferential moduli of 1-6MPa, ultimate strengths of 2-8MPa, over 250% elongation-at-break values, toe regions of 5.3-9.4%, high recoverability, and compliances close to those of human veins. Moreover, these TPU/PCL SDVSs possessed sufficient suture retention strength and burst pressure to fulfill transplantation requirements and maintain normal blood flow. Human endothelial cell culture revealed good biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and cells were able to grow on the inner surface of the tubular scaffolds, indicating promising prospects for use as tissue-engineered vascular grafts.
