The Experts below are selected from a list of 58485 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christian J. Teter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and depressed mood among college students: frequency and Routes of Administration.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2010Co-Authors: Christian J. Teter, Carol J. Boyd, James A. Cranford, Anthony E. Falone, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Studies demonstrate associations between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) and depressed mood; however, relevance of NMUPS route of Administration and frequency of use have not been examined. We hypothesized frequent NMUPS and nonoral Routes would be significantly associated with depressed mood. A Web survey was self-administered by a probability sample of 3,639 undergraduate students at a large U.S. university. The survey contained substance use (e.g., frequency, route of Administration) and depressed mood measurement. Past-year prevalence of NMUPS was 6.0% (n = 212). Approximately 50% of frequent or nonoral NMUPS reported depressed mood. Adjusted odds of depressed mood were over two times greater among frequent monthly NMUPS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-5.15) and nonoral Routes of Administration (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.36-3.70), after controlling for other variables. Nonmedical users of prescription stimulants should be screened for depressed mood, especially those who report frequent and nonoral Routes of Administration.
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Motives, diversion and Routes of Administration associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids
Addictive Behaviors, 2007Co-Authors: Sean Esteban Mccabe, James A. Cranford, Carol J. Boyd, Christian J. TeterAbstract:Objectives The main objectives of this study were to assess the motives, diversion sources and Routes of Administration associated with the nonmedical use of prescription opioids as well as to examine substance use related problems associated with the nonmedical use of prescription opioids.
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illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students prevalence motives and Routes of Administration
Pharmacotherapy, 2006Co-Authors: Sean Esteban Mccabe, James A. Cranford, Christian J. Teter, Kristy Lagrange, Carol J. BoydAbstract:Objectives To explore the illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students and add to our understanding of reasons (motives) and Routes of Administration associated with illicit use of these drugs.
Carol J. Boyd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants and depressed mood among college students: frequency and Routes of Administration.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2010Co-Authors: Christian J. Teter, Carol J. Boyd, James A. Cranford, Anthony E. Falone, Sean Esteban MccabeAbstract:Studies demonstrate associations between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) and depressed mood; however, relevance of NMUPS route of Administration and frequency of use have not been examined. We hypothesized frequent NMUPS and nonoral Routes would be significantly associated with depressed mood. A Web survey was self-administered by a probability sample of 3,639 undergraduate students at a large U.S. university. The survey contained substance use (e.g., frequency, route of Administration) and depressed mood measurement. Past-year prevalence of NMUPS was 6.0% (n = 212). Approximately 50% of frequent or nonoral NMUPS reported depressed mood. Adjusted odds of depressed mood were over two times greater among frequent monthly NMUPS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-5.15) and nonoral Routes of Administration (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.36-3.70), after controlling for other variables. Nonmedical users of prescription stimulants should be screened for depressed mood, especially those who report frequent and nonoral Routes of Administration.
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Motives, diversion and Routes of Administration associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids
Addictive Behaviors, 2007Co-Authors: Sean Esteban Mccabe, James A. Cranford, Carol J. Boyd, Christian J. TeterAbstract:Objectives The main objectives of this study were to assess the motives, diversion sources and Routes of Administration associated with the nonmedical use of prescription opioids as well as to examine substance use related problems associated with the nonmedical use of prescription opioids.
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illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students prevalence motives and Routes of Administration
Pharmacotherapy, 2006Co-Authors: Sean Esteban Mccabe, James A. Cranford, Christian J. Teter, Kristy Lagrange, Carol J. BoydAbstract:Objectives To explore the illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students and add to our understanding of reasons (motives) and Routes of Administration associated with illicit use of these drugs.
Shiva Roshanmilani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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proconvulsant effects of tramadol and morphine on pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in adult rats using different Routes of Administration
Epilepsy & Behavior, 2014Co-Authors: Morteza Gholami, Ehsan Saboory, Shiva RoshanmilaniAbstract:Abstract Tramadol is frequently used as a pain reliever. However, it has been sometimes noted to have the potential to cause seizures. Because of its dual mechanism of action (both opioid and nonopioid), the adverse effect profile of tramadol can be different in comparison with single-mechanism opioid analgesics, such as morphine. In the present study, the facilitatory effects of tramadol and morphine on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures using different Routes of Administration were compared in rats. Adult female rats were divided into six groups and continuously received saline, morphine, or tramadol on a daily basis for 15 days [gavage (PO) or intraperitoneal (IP)]. An increasing dose of morphine and tramadol was used to prevent resistance to repetitive dose (20–125 mg/kg). Following one week of withdrawal period and 30 min before the seizure induction (PTZ = 80 mg/kg, IP), each group of rats was further divided into subgroups that received saline, morphine, or tramadol for the second time on the 22nd day of the experiment. Results showed that, while morphine, tramadol, and their Administration had different effects on seizure behaviors, both acute and chronic Administrations of morphine and tramadol potentiated PTZ-induced seizures. However, there was no significant difference between morphine and tramadol in terms of seizure severity. Effects of morphine and tramadol on PTZ-induced seizures were also stable following one week of withdrawal. In conclusion, this study indicated similar severity in the proconvulsant effect of morphine and tramadol on PTZ-induced seizures, which might depend on their similar effects on GABAergic pathways.
Simon H. Budman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Patterns of abuse and Routes of Administration for immediate‐release hydrocodone combination products
Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 2017Co-Authors: Theresa A. Cassidy, Natasha Oyedele, Sven Guenther, Travis C. Mickle, Simon H. BudmanAbstract:Purpose Prescriptions for hydrocodone immediate-release (IR) combination products have recently decreased, yet they represent the majority of opioid prescriptions dispensed and are commonly abused analgesics among both adults and adolescents. Little data exist to understand the contribution of IR products to the problem of prescription opioid abuse. This study aimed to better understand abuse patterns for hydrocodone IR combination products among adult and adolescent substance abusers. Methods This cross-sectional study examines abuse prevalence (including abuse adjusted for prescription volume and morphine milligram equivalents) and abuse characteristics for hydrocodone IR combination products and other prescription opioids among separate samples of adults and adolescents assessed for substance abuse problems or entering treatment from January 2012 through June 2015. Results Results indicate higher abuse for hydrocodone IR combination products than other opioid categories per 100 assessments but lower per prescriptions dispensed. Hydrocodone IR combination products had similar abuse prevalence to all extended-release and long-acting opioids when considering abuse measured per morphine milligram equivalents dispensed. An upward trend in hydrocodone IR combination product abuse was observed among adult substance abusers comparing the period prior to and after Drug Enforcement Administration rescheduling of these products in October 2014. Most individuals reported oral abuse of hydrocodone IR combination products, but snorting, reported by 23% of hydrocodone IR combination product abusers, also appears to be a route of abuse that may have public health relevance. Conclusions Given their high prescription volume, hydrocodone IR combination products, even at a relatively low prevalence of abuse, may contribute substantially to the overall problem of prescription opioid abuse. Additional public health interventions, including development of abuse-deterrent formulations for these types of opioid products may aid in reducing their abuse. KEY POINTS While the number of prescriptions for hydrocodone IR combination products has recently decreased, these products still represent the majority of opioid prescriptions dispensed in the United States and are commonly abused by both adults and adolescents. Lifetime abuse of immediate-release opioids is at least as prevalent as abuse of extended-release opioid products, but little data exist to understand their contribution to the problem. Postmarket surveillance data were used to examine patterns in abuse prevalence and ROA for hydrocodone IR combination products among 2 high-risk populations of adults and adolescents assessed for substance abuse treatment. Abuse prevalence was higher for hydrocodone IR combination products than other opioid categories but was lower than other opioid categories per prescriptions dispensed. Hydrocodone IR combination products had similar abuse prevalence to all ER/LA opioids when considering abuse measured per MME dispensed. Most individuals reported oral abuse of hydrocodone IR combination products, but snorting, reported by 23% of hydrocodone IR combination product abusers, also appears to be a route of abuse that may have public health relevance. These findings suggest that given their high prescription volume, hydrocodone IR combination products, even at a relatively low prevalence of abuse, may contribute substantially to the overall problem of prescription opioid abuse.
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abuse rates and Routes of Administration of reformulated extended release oxycodone initial findings from a sentinel surveillance sample of individuals assessed for substance abuse treatment
The Journal of Pain, 2013Co-Authors: Stephen F Butler, Theresa A. Cassidy, Simon H. Budman, Ryan A Black, Howard D Chilcoat, Craig J Landau, Paul CoplanAbstract:Abstract Oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release, also known as extended-release oxycodone (ER oxycodone), was reformulated with physicochemical barriers to crushing and dissolving intended to reduce abuse through nonoral Routes of Administration (ROAs) that require tampering (eg, injecting and snorting). Manufacturer shipments of original ER oxycodone (OC) stopped on August 5, 2010, and reformulated ER oxycodone (ORF) shipments started August 9, 2010. A sentinel surveillance sample of 140,496 individuals assessed for substance abuse treatment at 357 U.S. centers between June 1, 2009, and March 31, 2012, was examined for prevalence and prescription-adjusted prevalence rates of past-30-day abuse via any route, as well as abuse through oral, nonoral, and specific ROAs for ER oxycodone and comparators (ER morphine and ER oxymorphone) before and after ORF introduction. Significant reductions occurred for 8 outcome measures of ORF versus OC historically. Abuse of ORF was 41% lower (95% CI: −44 to −37) than historical abuse for OC, with oral abuse 17% lower (95% CI: −23 to −10) and nonoral abuse 66% lower (95% CI: −69 to −63). Significant reductions were not observed for comparators. Observations were consistent with the goals of a tamper resistant formulation for an opioid. Further research is needed to determine the persistence and generalizability of these findings. Perspective This article presents preliminary findings indicating that 8 outcome measures of abuse of a reformulated ER oxycodone were lower than that for original ER oxycodone historically, particularly through nonoral ROAs that require tampering (ie, injection, snorting, smoking), in a sentinel sample of individuals assessed for substance use problems for treatment planning.
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abuse risks and Routes of Administration of different prescription opioid compounds and formulations
Harm Reduction Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Stephen F Butler, Theresa A. Cassidy, Ryan A Black, Taryn M Dailey, Simon H. BudmanAbstract:Evaluation of tamper resistant formulations (TRFs) and classwide Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) for prescription opioid analgesics will require baseline descriptions of abuse patterns of existing opioid analgesics, including the relative risk of abuse of existing prescription opioids and characteristic patterns of abuse by alternate Routes of Administration (ROAs). This article presents, for one population at high risk for abuse of prescription opioids, the unadjusted relative risk of abuse of hydrocodone, immediate release (IR) and extended release (ER) oxycodone, methadone, IR and ER morphine, hydromorphone, IR and ER fentanyl, IR and ER oxymorphone. How relative risks change when adjusted for prescription volume of the products was examined along with patterns of abuse via ROAs for the products. Using data on prescription opioid abuse and ROAs used from 2009 Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version (ASI-MV®) Connect assessments of 59,792 patients entering treatment for substance use disorders at 464 treatment facilities in 34 states and prescription volume data from SDI Health LLC, unadjusted and adjusted risk for abuse were estimated using log-binomial regression models. A random effects binary logistic regression model estimated the predicted probabilities of abusing a product by one of five ROAs, intended ROA (i.e., swallowing whole), snorting, injection, chewing, and other. Unadjusted relative risk of abuse for the 11 compound/formulations determined hydrocodone and IR oxycodone to be most highly abused while IR oxymorphone and IR fentanyl were least often abused. Adjusting for prescription volume suggested hydrocodone and IR oxycodone were least often abused on a prescription-by-prescription basis. Methadone and morphine, especially IR morphine, showed increases in relative risk of abuse. Examination of the data without methadone revealed ER oxycodone as the drug with greatest risk after adjusting for prescription volume. Specific ROA patterns were identified for the compounds/formulations, with morphine and hydromorphone most likely to be injected. Unadjusted risks observed here were consistent with rankings of prescription opioid abuse obtained by others using different populations/methods. Adjusted risk estimates suggest that some, less widely prescribed analgesics are more often abused than prescription volume would predict. The compounds/formulations investigated evidenced unique ROA patterns. Baseline abuse patterns will be important for future evaluations of TRFs and REMS.
Robert D Simari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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concise review review and perspective of cell dosage and Routes of Administration from preclinical and clinical studies of stem cell therapy for heart disease
Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Samuel Golpanian, Ivonne Hernandez Schulman, Ray F Ebert, Alan W Heldman, Darcy L Difede, Phillip C Yang, Roberto Bolli, Emerson C Perin, Lemuel A Moye, Robert D SimariAbstract:An important stage in the development of any new therapeutic agent is establishment of the optimal dosage and route of Administration. This can be particularly challenging when the treatment is a biologic agent that might exert its therapeutic effects via complex or poorly understood mechanisms. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown paradoxical results, with inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between the cell dose and clinical benefit. Such phenomena can, at least in part, be attributed to variations in cell dosing or concentration and the route of Administration (ROA). Although clinical trials of cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease began more than a decade ago, specification of the optimal dosage and ROA has not been established. The present review summarizes what has been learned regarding the optimal cell dosage and ROA from preclinical and clinical studies of stem cell therapy for heart disease and offers a perspective on future directions. Significance: Preclinical and clinical studies on cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease have shown inconsistent results, in part because of variations in study-specific dosages and/or Routes of Administration (ROA). Future preclinical studies and smaller clinical trials implementing cell-dose and ROA comparisons are warranted before proceeding to pivotal trials.
