The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S. G. Yap - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cement-based solidification for the Safe Disposal of blasted
2004Co-Authors: Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain, Nazrul Islam, Radin Sumadi Salihudin, S. G. YapAbstract:This paper describes an investigation of cement-based solidification/stabilization process for the Safe Disposal of blasted copper slag. The treatments evaluated were based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Mortar specimens with ground copper slag ranging from 0% to 10% by weight of cement were tested for whole block and crushed block leachability, compressive strength and hydration. The results indicated that the leaching of selected heavy metal ions from the cement matrix was low and did not exceed the Malaysian Environmental Quality Act. Addition of copper slag to cement increased initial and final setting times. The primary hydration process was the OPC hydration. The strength of the copper slag mortar was generally lower than that of the control mortar and the amount of ground copper slag to replace cement for optimum strength was about 5%.
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Cement-based solidification for the Safe Disposal of blasted copper slag
Cement and Concrete Composites, 2004Co-Authors: Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain, Mahbub Islam, S. S. Radin, S. G. YapAbstract:This paper describes an investigation of cement-based solidification/stabilization process for the Safe Disposal of blasted copper slag. The treatments evaluated were based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Mortar specimens with ground copper slag ranging from 0% to 10% by weight of cement were tested for whole block and crushed block leachability, compressive strength and hydration. The results indicated that the leaching of selected heavy metal ions from the cement matrix was low and did not exceed the Malaysian Environmental Quality Act. Addition of copper slag to cement increased initial and final setting times. The primary hydration process was the OPC hydration. The strength of the copper slag mortar was generally lower than that of the control mortar and the amount of ground copper slag to replace cement for optimum strength was about 5%.
Thomas Clasen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A cluster-randomized multi-level intervention to increase latrine use and Safe Disposal of child feces in rural Odisha, India: the Sundara Grama research protocol.
BMC public health, 2019Co-Authors: Bethany A. Caruso, Fiona Majorin, Parimita Routray, Gloria D. Sclar, Corey L. Nagel, Thomas ClasenAbstract:Despite health benefits of sanitation, an estimated 12% of the global population practices open defecation, including an estimated 50% of the population of India. Current estimates, however, do not include households that own toilets but do not use them, suggesting that the actual number of people defecating in the open is underestimated. This protocol describes a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate an intervention specifically designed to increase latrine use, including the Safe Disposal of child feces, in rural Odisha, India. The trial engages 66 villages in Puri district, 33 randomly allocated to receive the intervention and 33 to serve as controls. The primary outcome is latrine use and is recorded at baseline and endline for all members of all households that own latrines in all trial vilalges. Additional data on determinants of latrine use and Safe child feces Disposal are also collected to assess change based on the intervetntion. A process evaluation assesses the delivery of the intervention and qualiative research takes place in non-trial villages as well as post-endline in trial villages to help explain trial findings. This is one of four trials taking place simultaneously in rural India with latrine use as the primary outcome. All four studies use the same outcome to gerenate comparable data across sites that can serve the government of India. The trial in Odisha is unique in that it collects latrine use data from all potential users in all households that own latrines, enabling a thorough view of the sanitation situation and factors that influence use at the community level. That latrine use is collected via self-report is a limitation, however any bias in reporting should be the same across villages and not impact the overall assessment of intervention impact. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03274245 .
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The impact of a rural sanitation programme on Safe Disposal of child faeces: a cluster randomised trial in Odisha, India
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew C. Freeman, Fiona Majorin, Sophie Boisson, Parimita Routray, Belen Torondel, Thomas ClasenAbstract:BACKGROUND: UnSafe Disposal of child faeces is persistent and may lead to considerable impact on the health of young children. Research is limited on the impact of sanitation or hygiene interventions to improve child faeces Disposal practices. METHODS: In the context of a randomised controlled trial to assess the health impact of a programme in Odisha, India, to promote rural sanitation under the Government of India's Total Sanitation Campaign, we explored whether the intervention affected the Safe Disposal of faeces of children under-5 years of age. RESULTS: At baseline, 1.1% of households practised 'Safe' Disposal of child faeces, either disposing it in a toilet or by burial. The intervention increased Safe Disposal of child faeces to 10.4% in intervention households, compared to 3.1% in the control households (RR 3.34; 95% CI 1.99-5.59). This increase in Safe Disposal is attributable to increases in latrine presence in the intervention communities; the intervention did not change Safe Disposal practices above and beyond the increase in latrine coverage. CONCLUSIONS: The very modest increase in Safe Disposal, while statistically significant, is not likely to have consequential health benefit. To achieve open defecation free communities, sanitation interventions will need to develop behaviour change approaches to explicitly target Safe Disposal behaviours.
Elizabeth T. Golub - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Correlates of Safe Syringe Acquisition and Disposal Practices among Young IDUs: Broadening our Notion of Risk
Journal of Drug Issues, 2004Co-Authors: Susan G. Sherman, Melanie Rusch, Elizabeth T. GolubAbstract:The current study examines the relationship of syringe use patterns with acquisition and Disposal practices among injection drug users (IDUs). Study participants (N = 294) were IDUs between 15 and 30 years old in Baltimore, Maryland, who had initiated drug injection within the past five years. Safe acquisition was defined as obtaining syringes from the Baltimore syringe exchange program and pharmacies. Safe Disposal was defined as depositing syringes at the syringe exchange program or in a closed container. Participants were primarily male, White, and had low levels of education. In the six months prior to being interviewed, 25% reported Safe syringe acquisition and 47% reported Safe Disposal. In a multivariate model controlling for demographic variables, factors that were significantly associated with Safe acquisition were injecting for more than two years, obtaining two or more syringes per pickup, using a syringe for five or more injections, and Safe Disposal of syringes. In a multivariate model contro...
Kailas L. Wasewar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oil field effluent water treatment for Safe Disposal by electroflotation
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Rupesh M. Bande, Basheshwar Prasad, I.m. Mishra, Kailas L. WasewarAbstract:Abstract The separation of finely dispersed oil from oil–water emulsion was carried out in an electroflotation cell which has a set of perforated aluminium electrodes. The effect of operating parameters on the performance of batch cell were examined. The parameters investigated are pH, voltage, oil concentration, flotation time, and salinity. The batch experiments have been conducted to optimize electrical input in the effluent. It was observed that at 5.0 V and 0.4 A current is optimum and for this condition the energy consumption was 0.67 kWh/m 3 . The optimal treatment time was observed at 20 min. Also oil removal efficiency is 90% at 4.72 pH in 30 min treatment time for 50 mg/l concentration of oil and 94.44% of oil removed within 30 min at 4 mg/l of salinity. It has also been observed that decrease in salinity and increase in oil content of the effluent enhances the efficiency of the electroflotation process.
Ajay Mahal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does Safe Disposal of child faeces matter an assessment of access to improved sanitation and child faeces Disposal behaviour and diarrhoea in rural nepal
International Health, 2018Co-Authors: Prabhat Lamichhane, Anurag Sharma, Ajay MahalAbstract:Background: Improper Disposal of child faeces is a major source of faecal pathogens that cause diarrhoeal disease. However, this has received relatively less attention in sanitation evaluation literature, which has tended to focus on sanitation provision, implicitly assuming that child faeces Disposal behaviour also improves with sanitation. We examined the impact of improved sanitation without Safe Disposal (households with improved sanitation but not disposing of child faeces in improved sanitation) and improved sanitation with Safe Disposal (households with improved sanitation and Disposal of child faeces in improved sanitation) on diarrhoeal prevalence in rural Nepal. Methods: Data from the Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2011 for 3377 children <5 y of age were used to answer the research question using quasi-experimental methods. Results: Improved sanitation with Safe Disposal was associated with a 3.3 percentage point (standard error [SE] 0.016) to 6.6 percentage point (SE 0.023) lower prevalence of diarrhoea among children <5 y of age compared with matched households without access to improved sanitation. No effect was observed for households having improved sanitation without Safe Disposal compared with matched households without access to improved sanitation. Improved sanitation with Safe Disposal was also associated with a 4.0 percentage point (SE 0.023) lower prevalence of diarrhoea in low economic status households (bottom two quintiles). Conclusions: Our results suggest that sanitation programmes need to focus on behavioural interventions as well as increasing access to sanitation facilities.
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Does Safe Disposal of child faeces matter? An assessment of access to improved sanitation and child faeces Disposal behaviour and diarrhoea in rural Nepal
International health, 2018Co-Authors: Prabhat Lamichhane, Anurag Sharma, Ajay MahalAbstract:Background: Improper Disposal of child faeces is a major source of faecal pathogens that cause diarrhoeal disease. However, this has received relatively less attention in sanitation evaluation literature, which has tended to focus on sanitation provision, implicitly assuming that child faeces Disposal behaviour also improves with sanitation. We examined the impact of improved sanitation without Safe Disposal (households with improved sanitation but not disposing of child faeces in improved sanitation) and improved sanitation with Safe Disposal (households with improved sanitation and Disposal of child faeces in improved sanitation) on diarrhoeal prevalence in rural Nepal. Methods: Data from the Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2011 for 3377 children
