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Daniel R. Swale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels mediate Salivary Gland Function and blood feeding in the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Kevin R. Macaluso, Lane D. Foil, Daniel R. SwaleAbstract:Background Tick feeding causes extreme morbidity and mortality to humans through transmission of pathogens and causes severe economic losses to the agricultural industry by reducing livestock yield. Salivary Gland secretions are essential for tick feeding and thus, reducing or preventing saliva secretions into the vertebrate host is likely to reduce feeding and hinder pathogen life cycles. Unfortunately, the membrane physiology of tick Salivary Glands is underexplored and this gap in knowledge limits the development of novel therapeutics for inducing cessation of tick feeding. Methodology We studied the influence of inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel subtypes to the Functional capacity of the isolated tick Salivary Gland through the use of a modified Ramsay assay. The secreted saliva was subsequently used for quantification of the elemental composition of the secreted saliva after the Glands were exposed to K+ channel modulators as a measure of osmoregulatory capacity. Lastly, changes to blood feeding behavior and mortality were measured with the use of a membrane feeding system. Principal findings In this study, we characterized the fundamental role of Kir channel subtypes in tick Salivary Gland Function and provide evidence that pharmacological inhibition of these ion channels reduces the secretory activity of the Amblyomma americanum Salivary Gland. The reduced secretory capacity of the Salivary Gland was directly correlated with a dramatic reduction of blood ingestion during feeding. Further, exposure to small-molecule modulators of Kir channel subtypes induced mortality to ticks that is likely resultant from an altered osmoregulatory capacity. Conclusions Our data contribute to understanding of tick Salivary Gland Function and could guide future campaigns aiming to develop chemical or reverse vaccinology technologies to reduce the worldwide burden of tick feeding and tick-vectored pathogens.
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Role of inward rectifier potassium channels in Salivary Gland Function and sugar feeding of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster.
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel R. Swale, Felix D. Guerrero, Adalberto A. Pérez De León, Lane D. FoilAbstract:The arthropod Salivary Gland is of critical importance for horizontal transmission of pathogens, yet a detailed understanding of the ion conductance pathways responsible for saliva production and excretion is lacking. A superfamily of potassium ion channels, known as inward rectifying potassium (Kir) channels, is overexpressed in the Drosophila Salivary Gland by 32-fold when compared to the whole body mRNA transcripts. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypothesis that pharmacological and genetic depletion of Salivary Gland specific Kir channels alters the efficiency of the Gland and reduced feeding capabilities using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism that could predict similar effects in arthropod disease vectors. Exposure to VU041, a selective Kir channel blocker, reduced the volume of sucrose consumption by up to 3.2-fold and was found to be concentration-dependent with an EC50 of 68μM. Importantly, the inactive analog, VU937, was shown to not influence feeding, suggesting the reduction in feeding observed with VU041 is due to Kir channel inhibition. Next, we performed a Salivary Gland specific knockdown of Kir1 to assess the role of these channels specifically in the Salivary Gland. The genetically depleted fruit flies had a reduction in total volume ingested and an increase in the time spent feeding, both suggestive of a reduction in Salivary Gland Function. Furthermore, a compensatory mechanism appears to be present at day 1 of RNAi-treated fruit flies, and is likely to be the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and/or Na+-K+-ATPase pumps that serve to supplement the inward flow of K+ ions, which highlights the Functional redundancy in control of ion flux in the Salivary Glands. These findings suggest that Kir channels likely provide, at least in part, a principal potassium conductance pathway in the Drosophila Salivary Gland that is required for sucrose feeding.
Dora L W Kwong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Salivary Gland Function and xerostomia in southern chinese following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2003Co-Authors: Edmond H N Pow, Anne S Mcmillan, Keung W Leung, May C M Wong, Dora L W KwongAbstract:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare among Caucasians but very common among southern Chinese. No information is presently available on the relationship between Salivary Gland Function and xerostomia in irradiated southern Chinese. Salivary Gland Function and xerostomia were measured in irradiated NPC patients, recently diagnosed NPC patients, and a matched control group. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and flow rate, pH and buffer capacity measured. All participants completed a multi-item dry mouth questionnaire. Comparisons were made using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests and correlations assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The mean saliva flow rate and pH were significantly lower and the buffer capacity impaired in irradiated NPC patients compared with the other groups (P<0.01). Significantly more irradiated NPC patients had negative impacts associated with dry mouth generally, sticky saliva, and hoarse voice (P<0.01). Subjective dry mouth symptoms and associated reduced saliva flow were also relatively common in non-irradiated participants. Salivary Gland hypoFunction and xerostomia were major complications in irradiated NPC patients. In irradiated and non-irradiated southern Chinese, subjective dry mouth symptoms appeared to be correlated with actual Salivary Gland Function.
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Salivary Gland Function and xerostomia in southern Chinese following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Clinical oral investigations, 2003Co-Authors: Edmond H N Pow, Anne S Mcmillan, May C M Wong, W. Keung Leung, Dora L W KwongAbstract:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare among Caucasians but very common among southern Chinese. No information is presently available on the relationship between Salivary Gland Function and xerostomia in irradiated southern Chinese. Salivary Gland Function and xerostomia were measured in irradiated NPC patients, recently diagnosed NPC patients, and a matched control group. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and flow rate, pH and buffer capacity measured. All participants completed a multi-item dry mouth questionnaire. Comparisons were made using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests and correlations assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The mean saliva flow rate and pH were significantly lower and the buffer capacity impaired in irradiated NPC patients compared with the other groups (P
Shin Young Jeong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Salivary Gland Function 5 years after radioactive iodine ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer direct comparison of pre and postablation scintigraphies and their relation to xerostomia symptoms
Thyroid, 2013Co-Authors: Shin Young Jeong, Hae Won Kim, Sangwoo Lee, Byeongcheol Ahn, Jaetae LeeAbstract:Background: Chronic sialadenitis is one of the most frequent chronic complications after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer. To evaluate the long-term effects of RAI ablation on Salivary Gland Function, we investigated scintigraphic changes in Salivary Glands by direct comparison of two Salivary Gland scintigraphies (SGSs) taken before and at 5 years after an RAI ablation. Methods: SGS was performed just before RAI ablation (pre-SGS) and ∼5 years after RAI ablation (F/U SGS) in 213 subjects who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. The uptake score (U score) was graded, and the ejection fraction (EF) was quantified for the parotid and submandibular Glands at pre-SGS and F/U SGS. Changes in Salivary Gland Function were graded as mild, moderate, or severe according to the differences in U score and EF between the two SGSs. Xerostomia was assessed and compared with the SGS findings. Results: Worsening of the U score was observed in 182 of 852 Salivary Glands (total: 21.3%; mild: 4.2%, ...
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Salivary Gland Function 5 years after radioactive iodine ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer direct comparison of pre and postablation scintigraphies and their relation to xerostomia symptoms
Thyroid, 2013Co-Authors: Shin Young JeongAbstract:BACKGROUND: Chronic sialadenitis is one of the most frequent chronic complications after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer. To evaluate the long-term effects of RAI ablation on Salivary Gland Function, we investigated scintigraphic changes in Salivary Glands by direct comparison of two Salivary Gland scintigraphies (SGSs) taken before and at 5 years after an RAI ablation. METHODS: SGS was performed just before RAI ablation (pre-SGS) and ∼5 years after RAI ablation (F/U SGS) in 213 subjects who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. The uptake score (U score) was graded, and the ejection fraction (EF) was quantified for the parotid and submandibular Glands at pre-SGS and F/U SGS. Changes in Salivary Gland Function were graded as mild, moderate, or severe according to the differences in U score and EF between the two SGSs. Xerostomia was assessed and compared with the SGS findings. RESULTS: Worsening of the U score was observed in 182 of 852 Salivary Glands (total: 21.3%; mild: 4.2%, moderate: 7.4%, severe: 9.7%), and 47.4% of the patients had a worsening U score for at least one of four Salivary Glands. A decrease in EF was observed in 173 of 852 Salivary Glands (total: 20.3%; mild: 5.4%, moderate: 6.8%, severe: 8.1%), and 43.7% of the patients experienced a decrease in the EF of at least one of the four Salivary Glands. Bilateral parotid Gland dysFunction was the most commonly observed condition. Thirty-five (16.4%) patients complained of xerostomia at 5 years after RAI ablation. Scintigraphic changes in Salivary Gland Function and xerostomia were more common in patients receiving 5.55 GBq, compared with 3.7 GBq. Xerostomia was more common in patients with submandibular Gland dysFunction than those with parotid Gland dysFunction (68.8% vs. 33.3%, p<0.05). The number of dysFunctional Salivary Glands was correlated with xerostomia (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: About 20% of the Salivary Glands were dysFunctional on SGS 5 years after a single RAI ablation, especially in patients who received higher doses of RAI. While parotid Glands are more susceptible to (131)I-related damage, xerostomia was more associated with submandibular Gland dysFunction and the prevalence of dysFunctional Salivary Glands.
Terumi Kamisawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The relationship of Salivary Gland Function to elevated serum IgG4 in autoimmune pancreatitis.
Internal medicine (Tokyo Japan), 2007Co-Authors: Terumi Kamisawa, Ryoko Sasaki, Naoto Egawa, Noriko Kamata, Tsuneo SasakiAbstract:Objective: To compare Salivary Gland Function in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) patients with and without an elevated serum IgG4 concentration. Patients and Methods: We allocated 14 AIP patients into 2 groups: one group had high (>135 mg/dL) serum IgG4 and the other low serum IgG4. Sialochemistry and submandibular and parotid Gland scintigraphy were done in these patients. Results: Serum IgG4 levels were elevated in 10 patients. Bilateral submandibular Gland swelling was present in 5 patients with a high serum IgG4; there was no swelling in patients with a low serum IgG4. The Salivary Na+ concentration was increased significantly in both patient groups (p
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the relationship of Salivary Gland Function to elevated serum igg4 in autoimmune pancreatitis
Internal Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Terumi Kamisawa, Ryoko Sasaki, Naoto Egawa, Noriko Kamata, Tsuneo SasakiAbstract:Objective: To compare Salivary Gland Function in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) patients with and without an elevated serum IgG4 concentration. Patients and Methods: We allocated 14 AIP patients into 2 groups: one group had high (>135 mg/dL) serum IgG4 and the other low serum IgG4. Sialochemistry and submandibular and parotid Gland scintigraphy were done in these patients. Results: Serum IgG4 levels were elevated in 10 patients. Bilateral submandibular Gland swelling was present in 5 patients with a high serum IgG4; there was no swelling in patients with a low serum IgG4. The Salivary Na+ concentration was increased significantly in both patient groups (p<0.01) compared to controls. The β2-microglobulin concentration was significantly higher in patients with a high serum IgG4 than in those with a low serum IgG4 (p<0.05) and controls (p<0.01). On submandibular and parotid Gland scintigraphy, both the ratio of the cumulative peak count to the injected radionuclide (PCR) and the washout ratio (WR) were significantly lower in the high serum IgG4 group than in controls (p<0.01). In the low serum IgG4 group, the PCR on submandibular Gland scintigraphy, and the PCR and WR on parotid Gland scintigraphy were significantly lower than in controls (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). On submandibular Gland scintigraphy, the PCR was significantly lower in the high serum IgG4 group than in the low serum IgG4 group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Salivary Gland Function was impaired in all AIP patients, but it was more impaired in patients with a high serum IgG4 than in those with a low serum IgG4.
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pancreatic endocrine and exocrine Function and Salivary Gland Function in autoimmune pancreatitis before and after steroid therapy
Pancreas, 2003Co-Authors: Terumi Kamisawa, Naoto Egawa, Noriko Kamata, Shigeko Inokuma, Kouji Tsuruta, Atsutake Okamoto, Teruo Nakamura, Masakatsu MatsukawaAbstract:INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct clinical entity in which an autoimmune mechanism may be involved in pathogenesis. AIM: To investigate Salivary Gland Function in addition to pancreatic endocrine and exocrine Function in patients with AIP, and to determine changes occurring after steroid therapy. METHODOLOGY: Fasting serum glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests or glycosylated hemoglobin values were examined in 19 patients with AIP. N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid excretion test, sialochemistry and parotid Gland scintigraphy were performed in 8 patients. RESULTS: Eight patients had evidence of DM. Steroid therapy subsequently improved insulin secretion and glycemic control in 3 of 5 patients treated. Pancreatic exocrine Function was reduced in 88% of patients. Impaired pancreatic exocrine Function improved after steroid therapy in 3 of 6 patients treated. The 3 patients also showed treatment-related improvement in endocrine Function. Concentration of beta2-microglobulin in saliva was significantly raised in patients with AIP compared with controls (P < 0.05). Ratio of cumulative peak count to injected radionuclide and washout ratio in parotid scintigraphy in patients with AIP was significantly lower than those of controls (P < 0.01). Salivary Gland dysFunction improved after steroid therapy in all 5 patients treated. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine and Salivary Gland Function were frequently impaired in patients with AIP, and steroid therapy was occasionally effective for these dysFunctions.
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pancreatic endocrine and exocrine Function and Salivary Gland Function in autoimmune pancreatitis before and after steroid therapy
Pancreas, 2003Co-Authors: Terumi Kamisawa, Naoto Egawa, Noriko Kamata, Shigeko Inokuma, Kouji Tsuruta, Atsutake Okamoto, Teruo Nakamura, Masakatsu MatsukawaAbstract:Introduction: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct clinical entity in which an autoimmune mechanism may be involved in pathogenesis. Aim: To investigate Salivary Gland Function in addition to pancreatic endocrine and exocrine Function in patients with AIP, and to determine changes occurring after steroid therapy. Methodology: Fasting serum glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests or glycosylated hemoglobin values were examined in 19 patients with AIP. N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid excretion test, sialochemistry and parotid Gland scintigraphy were performed in 8 patients. Results: Eight patients had evidence of DM. Steroid therapy subsequently improved insulin secretion and glycemic control in 3 of 5 patients treated. Pancreatic exocrine Function was reduced in 88% of patients. Impaired pancreatic exocrine Function improved after steroid therapy in 3 of 6 patients treated. The 3 patients also showed treatment-related improvement in endocrine Function. Concentration of β2-microglobulin in saliva was significantly raised in patients with AIP compared with controls (P < 0.05). Ratio of cumulative peak count to injected radionuclide and washout ratio in parotid scintigraphy in patients with AIP was significantly lower than those of controls (P < 0.01). Salivary Gland dysFunction improved after steroid therapy in all 5 patients treated. Conclusions: Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine and Salivary Gland Function were frequently impaired in patients with AIP, and steroid therapy was occasionally effective for these dysFunctions.
Masakatsu Matsukawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pancreatic endocrine and exocrine Function and Salivary Gland Function in autoimmune pancreatitis before and after steroid therapy
Pancreas, 2003Co-Authors: Terumi Kamisawa, Naoto Egawa, Noriko Kamata, Shigeko Inokuma, Kouji Tsuruta, Atsutake Okamoto, Teruo Nakamura, Masakatsu MatsukawaAbstract:INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct clinical entity in which an autoimmune mechanism may be involved in pathogenesis. AIM: To investigate Salivary Gland Function in addition to pancreatic endocrine and exocrine Function in patients with AIP, and to determine changes occurring after steroid therapy. METHODOLOGY: Fasting serum glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests or glycosylated hemoglobin values were examined in 19 patients with AIP. N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid excretion test, sialochemistry and parotid Gland scintigraphy were performed in 8 patients. RESULTS: Eight patients had evidence of DM. Steroid therapy subsequently improved insulin secretion and glycemic control in 3 of 5 patients treated. Pancreatic exocrine Function was reduced in 88% of patients. Impaired pancreatic exocrine Function improved after steroid therapy in 3 of 6 patients treated. The 3 patients also showed treatment-related improvement in endocrine Function. Concentration of beta2-microglobulin in saliva was significantly raised in patients with AIP compared with controls (P < 0.05). Ratio of cumulative peak count to injected radionuclide and washout ratio in parotid scintigraphy in patients with AIP was significantly lower than those of controls (P < 0.01). Salivary Gland dysFunction improved after steroid therapy in all 5 patients treated. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine and Salivary Gland Function were frequently impaired in patients with AIP, and steroid therapy was occasionally effective for these dysFunctions.
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pancreatic endocrine and exocrine Function and Salivary Gland Function in autoimmune pancreatitis before and after steroid therapy
Pancreas, 2003Co-Authors: Terumi Kamisawa, Naoto Egawa, Noriko Kamata, Shigeko Inokuma, Kouji Tsuruta, Atsutake Okamoto, Teruo Nakamura, Masakatsu MatsukawaAbstract:Introduction: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct clinical entity in which an autoimmune mechanism may be involved in pathogenesis. Aim: To investigate Salivary Gland Function in addition to pancreatic endocrine and exocrine Function in patients with AIP, and to determine changes occurring after steroid therapy. Methodology: Fasting serum glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests or glycosylated hemoglobin values were examined in 19 patients with AIP. N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid excretion test, sialochemistry and parotid Gland scintigraphy were performed in 8 patients. Results: Eight patients had evidence of DM. Steroid therapy subsequently improved insulin secretion and glycemic control in 3 of 5 patients treated. Pancreatic exocrine Function was reduced in 88% of patients. Impaired pancreatic exocrine Function improved after steroid therapy in 3 of 6 patients treated. The 3 patients also showed treatment-related improvement in endocrine Function. Concentration of β2-microglobulin in saliva was significantly raised in patients with AIP compared with controls (P < 0.05). Ratio of cumulative peak count to injected radionuclide and washout ratio in parotid scintigraphy in patients with AIP was significantly lower than those of controls (P < 0.01). Salivary Gland dysFunction improved after steroid therapy in all 5 patients treated. Conclusions: Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine and Salivary Gland Function were frequently impaired in patients with AIP, and steroid therapy was occasionally effective for these dysFunctions.
