The Experts below are selected from a list of 42240 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Takayuki Sumida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dna microarray analysis of labial Salivary Glands of patients with sjogren s syndrome
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2007Co-Authors: Ei Wakamatsu, Yumi Nakamura, Isao Matsumoto, Daisuke Goto, Satoshi Ito, Akito Tsutsumi, Takayuki SumidaAbstract:Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by dry eyes, dry mouth and focal lymphocytic infiltration in lacrimal and Salivary Glands. The infiltrating lymphocytes are mainly CD4 α/β T cells,1 especially T helper 1 (Th1) type T cells, because they produce both interferon (IFN)γ and interleukin 2.2,3 To understand the pathogenesis of SS, several molecules in labial Salivary Glands (LSGs) have been screened by microarray analysis in human SS. Hjelmervik et al 4 and Gottenberg et al 5 reported that the upregulated genes in SS Salivary Glands were IFN-inducible genes, such as IFN-stimulated transcription factor 3, IFN-regulatory factor 1 and B cell-activation factor of the TNF family. …
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single cell analysis of t cells infiltrating labial Salivary Glands from patients with sjogren s syndrome
International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Isao Matsumoto, Itsuo Iwamoto, Yasushi Saito, Seiji Okada, K Kuroda, T Tokuhisa, K Nishioka, Takayuki SumidaAbstract:Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into the lacrimal and Salivary Glands leading to symptomatic dry eyes and mouth. To analyze the function of T cells infiltrating the labial Salivary Glands, we analyzed T cell receptor (TCR) beta and alpha chains, the expression of various cytokine mRNAs, and apoptosis associated genes in predominant TCR BV2+ T cells in the labial Salivary Glands of patients with SS at the single cell level. TCR BV2+ T cells in the labial Salivary Glands were sorted as single cells by flow-cytometry, and then examined by a single cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We isolated 18 TCR BV2+ T cell clones from three patients with SS. In six clones, there were highly conserved amino acid motifs (RDxG, GNT, QGxxQETQ) in the CDR3 region of the TCR beta chain. Three of the six clones showed conserved amino acids (EDxTG, or ExxTG) in the CDR3 region of the TCR alpha chain, suggesting restricted T cell epitopes. All TCR BV2+ clones expressed IL-2 mRNA, and six clones were able to produce IL-4, indicating that the cells were Th0 type T cells. All TCR BV2+ clones in the labial Salivary Glands were CD4+ T cells, and ten clones overexpressed Fas antigen at the mRNA level. In contrast, only one clone expressed Fas-ligand (Fas-L) mRNA, and neither perforin nor granzyme A/B was expressed. In conclusion, these findings support the notion that TCR BV2+ T cells that infiltrate labial Salivary Glands recognize restricted epitopes and function as CD4+ Th0 type T cells in the induction phase of autoimmunity.
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tcr in fas sensitive t cells from labial Salivary Glands of patients with sjogren s syndrome
Journal of Immunology, 1997Co-Authors: Takayuki Sumida, Isao Matsumoto, Hideyuki Murata, Takashi Namekawa, Ryutaro Matsumura, H Tomioka, Itsuo Iwamoto, Yasushi Saito, Y Mizushima, Tomoko HasunumaAbstract:Apoptosis is found in labial Salivary Glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). To analyze the pathogenesis of apoptosis in labial Salivary Glands of SS patients, we examined the expression of Fas Ag and Fas ligand (FasL) and TCR on T cells susceptible to anti-Fas mAbs (CH-11). Fas Ag is expressed on epithelial cells and mononuclear cells in the Salivary Glands as observed by an immunohistochemical method. FasL is over-expressed specifically on T cells infiltrating into the labial Salivary Glands as seen by an reverse transcription-PCR method. These results suggest that apoptosis in SS lips is mediated by a Fas/FasL pathway. PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) clearly demonstrated that more than 40% of the T cells accumulated in labial Salivary Glands are deleted by incubation with CH-11 for 24 h in vitro, indicating that these expanded cells are Fas sensitive. junctional sequence analysis showed that the same conserved amino acid motifs (LAGG, RLA, SLG, QGPG, PGG, GGE, RGR, KPG, AGD, and MLG) in complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) are found in Fas-sensitive T cell clones, whereas they are not detected in Fas-resistant clones, suggesting that Fas-sensitive T cells recognize restricted T cell epitopes on autoantigens. In conclusion, the findings suggest that Fas-sensitive T cells in labial Salivary Glands of SS patients are generated by Ag stimulation and might function as autoreactive T cells.
Alessandra A Guarneri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the interaction between trypanosoma rangeli and the nitrophorins in the Salivary Glands of the triatomine rhodnius prolixus hemiptera reduviidae
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Rafaela M M Paim, Marcos H Pereira, Ricardo N Araujo, Nelder F Gontijo, Alessandra A GuarneriAbstract:Abstract The parasite Trypanosoma rangeli develops in the intestinal tract of triatomines and, particularly in species of the genus Rhodnius , invades the hemolymph and Salivary Glands, where subsequent metacyclogenesis takes place. Many aspects of the interaction between T. rangeli and triatomines are still unclear, especially concerning the development of the parasite in the Salivary Glands and how the parasite interacts with the saliva. In this work, we describe new findings on the process of T. rangeli infection of the Salivary Glands and the impact of infection on the saliva composition. To ensure a complete infection (intestinal tract, hemolymph and Salivary Glands), 3rd instar Rhodnius prolixus nymphs were fed on blood containing T. rangeli epimastigotes using an artificial feeder. After molt to the 4th instar, the nymphs were inoculated with epimastigotes in the hemolymph. The results showed that the flagellates started to invade the Salivary Glands by the 7th day after the injection. The percentage of trypomastigotes inside the Salivary Glands continuously increased until the 25th day, at which time the trypomastigotes were more than 95% of the T. rangeli forms present. The Salivary contents from T. rangeli -infected insects showed a pH that was significantly more acidic ( T. rangeli . In addition, the four major nitrophorins (NPs 1–4) were knocked down using RNAi and their suppression impacted T. rangeli survival in the Salivary Glands to the point that the parasite burden inside the R. prolixus Salivary Glands was reduced by more than 3-fold. These results indicated that these parasites most likely non-specifically incorporated the proteins that were present in R. prolixus saliva as nutrients, without impairing the biosynthesis of the antihemostatic molecules.
A Riva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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electron microscopic detection of statherin in secretory granules of human major Salivary Glands
Journal of Anatomy, 2008Co-Authors: Michela Isola, Tiziana Cabras, M Cossu, M S Lantini, Rosanna Inzitari, E Proto, A RivaAbstract:In order to increase current knowledge regarding statherin secretion into the oral cavity, ultrastructural localization of this peptide was investigated in human Salivary Glands by using a post-embedding immunogold staining technique. Statherin reactivity was found inside the granules of serous cells of parotid and submandibular Glands. In parotid granules immunostaining was preferentially present in the less electron-dense region, whereas in submandibular serous granules the reactivity was uniform and the dense core always stained. By contrast, none or weak reactivity was observed in serous cells of major sublingual Glands. These findings reveal for the first time the subcellular localization of statherin by electron transmission microscopy and confirm that of the three major types of Salivary Glands, the parotid and submandibular Glands are the greatest source of Salivary statherin. Moreover, they suggest that more than one packaging mechanism may be involved in the storage of statherin within serous granules of Salivary Glands.
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morphofunctional studies on human labial Salivary Glands
European Journal of Morphology, 2002Co-Authors: A Riva, Francesco Loy, Roberto Puxeddu, Testa F RivaAbstract:In this study, the first experimental investigation carried out at the ultrastructural level on mucous cells of human Salivary Glands, we have examined by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), the secretory response of labial Glands stimulated in vitro by the beta-adrenergic agent, D,L isoproterenol, and by the muscarinic agent carbachol. For comparison we have used identical methods to study samples of mixed portions of human submandibular Glands. Morphological findings obtained here on both submandibular and labial Glands mucous cells demonstrate that mucous droplets are released solely by muscarinic stimulation, and that cytological events occurring during secretory discharge are similar to those described by others, using TEM, on stimulated mucous cells of rat sublingual Glands. Despite the fact that human labial Glands are said to have a prominent cholinergic innervation with scanty adrenergic nerves, the response of seromucous cells in these organs to stimulation with carbachol and with isoproterenol was similar to that observed by us, (using LM, TEM and HRSEM), in serous cells of human major Salivary Glands.
Jose Roberto Meyerfernandes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ecto phosphatase activity on the external surface of rhodnius prolixus Salivary Glands modulation by carbohydrates and trypanosoma rangeli
Acta Tropica, 2008Co-Authors: S A O Gomes, Andre Luiz Araujo Dos Santos, Claudia F Dick, Andre Luiz Fonseca De Souza, Tina Kiffermoreira, Jose Roberto MeyerfernandesAbstract:Abstract The Salivary Glands of insect's vectors are target organs to study the vectors–pathogens interactions. Rhodnius prolixus an important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi can also transmit Trypanosoma rangeli by bite. In the present study we have investigated ecto-phosphatase activity on the surface of R. prolixus Salivary Glands. Ecto-phosphatases are able to hydrolyze phosphorylated substrates in the extracellular medium. We characterized these ecto-enzyme activities on the Salivary Glands external surface and employed it to investigate R. prolixus – T. rangeli interaction. Salivary Glands present a low level of hydrolytic activity (4.30 ± 0.35 nmol p -nitrophenol ( p -NP) × h −1 × gland pair −1 ). The Salivary Glands ecto-phosphatase activity was not affected by pH variation; and it was insensitive to alkaline inhibitor levamisole and inhibited approximately 50% by inorganic phosphate (Pi). MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 and SrCl 2 enhanced significantly the ecto-phosphatase activity detected on the surface of Salivary Glands. The ecto-phosphatase from Salivary Glands surface efficiently releases phosphate groups from different phosphorylated amino acids, giving a higher rate of phosphate release when phospho-tyrosine is used as a substrate. This ecto-phosphatase activity was inhibited by carbohydrates as d -galactose and d -mannose. Living short epimastigotes of T. rangeli inhibited Salivary Glands ecto-phosphatase activity at 75%, while boiled parasites did not. Living long epimastigote forms induced a lower, but significant inhibitory effect on the Salivary Glands phosphatase activity. Interestingly, boiled long epimastigote forms did not loose the ability to modulate Salivary Glands phosphatase activity. Taken together, these data suggest a possible role for ecto-phosphatase on the R. prolixus Salivary Glands– T. rangeli interaction.
Srdjan M Dragovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anopheles gambiae circumsporozoite protein binding protein facilitates plasmodium infection of mosquito Salivary Glands
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: Jiuling Wang, Michelle W. M. Li, Yang O. Zhao, Srdjan M Dragovic, Lili Zhang, Yue ZhangAbstract:Malaria, a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium species, causes substantial morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Plasmodium sporozoites mature in oocysts formed in the mosquito gut wall and then invade the Salivary Glands, where they remain until transmitted to the vertebrate host during a mosquito bite. The Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CSP) binds to Salivary Glands and plays a role in the invasion of this organ by sporozoites. We identified an Anopheles Salivary gland protein, named CSP-binding protein (CSPBP), that interacts with CSP. Downregulation of CSPBP in mosquito Salivary Glands inhibited invasion by Plasmodium organisms. In vivo bioassays showed that mosquitoes that were fed blood with CSPBP antibody displayed a 25% and 90% reduction in the parasite load in infected Salivary Glands 14 and 18 days after the blood meal, respectively. These results suggest that CSPBP is important for the infection of the mosquito Salivary gland by Plasmodium organisms and that blocking CSPBP can interfere with the Plasmodium life cycle.
