The Experts below are selected from a list of 123 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Simon R Crouch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of family structure and socio-demographic characteristics on child health and wellbeing in Same-Sex Parent families: A cross-sectional survey.
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2016Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth WatersAbstract:Aim Children with Same-Sex attracted Parents develop well in terms of their health and wellbeing. There are many recognised factors that have an impact on child health, in general, including individual, family and wider social mediators. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of family structure and socio-demographic characteristics on child health and wellbeing in Australian Same-Sex Parent families. Methods A cross-sectional survey of self-identified Same-Sex attracted Parents from across Australia was used to collect information on child health and wellbeing between May and December 2012. Mixed-effects multiple linear regression models were used to identify associations between family structure/socio-demographic characteristics and child wellbeing. Child health outcomes were measured using the Child Health Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results In Same-Sex Parent families, biological relationships, Parental gender and Parental education were not significantly associated with health and wellbeing. Parental income, rurality and stable Parental relationships were associated with health and wellbeing, and living in a single-Parent household was associated with poorer wellbeing. Conclusions Stable dual Parent families offer good outcomes for children with Same-Sex attracted Parents. Family processes are most important. This study does not support the assertion that children require both male and female Parents, nor that biological relationships are essential to health and wellbeing. This study provides scientific data from a cross-sectional Australian-based study to describe and understand health determinants for children in family contexts that comprise Same-Sex Parent and all family contexts. It recommends equitable, stigma-free family support.
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The health perspectives of Australian adolescents from same‐sex Parent families: a mixed methods study
Child Care Health and Development, 2014Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth Waters, Jennifer PowerAbstract:Background Research involving adolescents from Same-Sex Parent families provides an important contribution to the evidence base on their health, well-being and the impact of stigma. To date reports on the perspectives of adolescents with Same-Sex attracted Parents have been limited. This study aimed to describe the multidimensional experiences of physical, mental and social well-being of adolescents living in this context. Methods A mixed methods study of adolescents with Same-Sex attracted Parents comprising of an adolescent-report survey of 10- to 17-year-olds and family interviews with adolescents and their Parents. Data were collected in 2012 and 2013 as part of the Australian Study of Child Health in Same-Sex Families. Results The findings from qualitative interviews with seven adolescents and responses to an open-ended survey question (n = 16) suggest four themes: perceptions of normality, positive concepts of health, spheres of life (including family, friends and community) and avoiding negativity. The quantitative sample of adolescents with Same-Sex attracted Parents (n = 35) reported higher scores than population normative data on the dimensions general health and family activities within the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) as well as higher on the peer problems scale on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Perceived stigma correlates with lower health and well-being overall. Conclusions Positive health outcomes are informed by the ways adolescents conceptualize health and how they construct their spheres of life. Peer relationships, and community perspectives of Same-Sex families, inform perceived stigma and its correlation with poorer health and well-being. Although adolescents see their families as essentially normal they are negatively affected by external societal stigma.
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Parent-reported measures of child health and wellbeing in Same-Sex Parent families: a cross-sectional survey.
BMC Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth Waters, Jennifer Power, Elise DavisAbstract:It has been suggested that children with Same-Sex attracted Parents score well in psychosocial aspects of their health, however questions remain about the impact of stigma on these children. Research to date has focused on lesbian Parents and has been limited by small sample sizes. This study aims to describe the physical, mental and social wellbeing of Australian children with Same-Sex attracted Parents, and the impact that stigma has on them. A cross-sectional survey, the Australian Study of Child Health in Same-Sex Families, was distributed in 2012 to a convenience sample of 390 Parents from Australia who self-identified as Same-Sex attracted and had children aged 0-17 years. Parent-reported, multidimensional measures of child health and wellbeing and the relationship to perceived stigma were measured. 315 Parents completed the survey (completion rate = 81%) representing 500 children. 80% of children had a female index Parent while 18% had a male index Parent. Children in Same-Sex Parent families had higher scores on measures of general behavior, general health and family cohesion compared to population normative data (β = 2.93, 95% CI = 0.35 to 5.52, P = .03; β = 5.60, 95% CI = 2.69 to 8.52, P =
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Triumphs and challenges in recruiting Same-Sex Parent families.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth Waters, Jennifer Power, Elise Davis, Lian Van MourikAbstract:Simon Crouch,1 Elizabeth Waters,1 Ruth McNair,2 Jennifer Power,3 Elise Davis,1 Lian van Mourik1,4 1. The McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 2. Department of General Practice and Northwest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3. The Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria 4. Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Elizabeth Waters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of family structure and socio-demographic characteristics on child health and wellbeing in Same-Sex Parent families: A cross-sectional survey.
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2016Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth WatersAbstract:Aim Children with Same-Sex attracted Parents develop well in terms of their health and wellbeing. There are many recognised factors that have an impact on child health, in general, including individual, family and wider social mediators. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of family structure and socio-demographic characteristics on child health and wellbeing in Australian Same-Sex Parent families. Methods A cross-sectional survey of self-identified Same-Sex attracted Parents from across Australia was used to collect information on child health and wellbeing between May and December 2012. Mixed-effects multiple linear regression models were used to identify associations between family structure/socio-demographic characteristics and child wellbeing. Child health outcomes were measured using the Child Health Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results In Same-Sex Parent families, biological relationships, Parental gender and Parental education were not significantly associated with health and wellbeing. Parental income, rurality and stable Parental relationships were associated with health and wellbeing, and living in a single-Parent household was associated with poorer wellbeing. Conclusions Stable dual Parent families offer good outcomes for children with Same-Sex attracted Parents. Family processes are most important. This study does not support the assertion that children require both male and female Parents, nor that biological relationships are essential to health and wellbeing. This study provides scientific data from a cross-sectional Australian-based study to describe and understand health determinants for children in family contexts that comprise Same-Sex Parent and all family contexts. It recommends equitable, stigma-free family support.
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The health perspectives of Australian adolescents from same‐sex Parent families: a mixed methods study
Child Care Health and Development, 2014Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth Waters, Jennifer PowerAbstract:Background Research involving adolescents from Same-Sex Parent families provides an important contribution to the evidence base on their health, well-being and the impact of stigma. To date reports on the perspectives of adolescents with Same-Sex attracted Parents have been limited. This study aimed to describe the multidimensional experiences of physical, mental and social well-being of adolescents living in this context. Methods A mixed methods study of adolescents with Same-Sex attracted Parents comprising of an adolescent-report survey of 10- to 17-year-olds and family interviews with adolescents and their Parents. Data were collected in 2012 and 2013 as part of the Australian Study of Child Health in Same-Sex Families. Results The findings from qualitative interviews with seven adolescents and responses to an open-ended survey question (n = 16) suggest four themes: perceptions of normality, positive concepts of health, spheres of life (including family, friends and community) and avoiding negativity. The quantitative sample of adolescents with Same-Sex attracted Parents (n = 35) reported higher scores than population normative data on the dimensions general health and family activities within the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) as well as higher on the peer problems scale on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Perceived stigma correlates with lower health and well-being overall. Conclusions Positive health outcomes are informed by the ways adolescents conceptualize health and how they construct their spheres of life. Peer relationships, and community perspectives of Same-Sex families, inform perceived stigma and its correlation with poorer health and well-being. Although adolescents see their families as essentially normal they are negatively affected by external societal stigma.
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Parent-reported measures of child health and wellbeing in Same-Sex Parent families: a cross-sectional survey.
BMC Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth Waters, Jennifer Power, Elise DavisAbstract:It has been suggested that children with Same-Sex attracted Parents score well in psychosocial aspects of their health, however questions remain about the impact of stigma on these children. Research to date has focused on lesbian Parents and has been limited by small sample sizes. This study aims to describe the physical, mental and social wellbeing of Australian children with Same-Sex attracted Parents, and the impact that stigma has on them. A cross-sectional survey, the Australian Study of Child Health in Same-Sex Families, was distributed in 2012 to a convenience sample of 390 Parents from Australia who self-identified as Same-Sex attracted and had children aged 0-17 years. Parent-reported, multidimensional measures of child health and wellbeing and the relationship to perceived stigma were measured. 315 Parents completed the survey (completion rate = 81%) representing 500 children. 80% of children had a female index Parent while 18% had a male index Parent. Children in Same-Sex Parent families had higher scores on measures of general behavior, general health and family cohesion compared to population normative data (β = 2.93, 95% CI = 0.35 to 5.52, P = .03; β = 5.60, 95% CI = 2.69 to 8.52, P =
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Triumphs and challenges in recruiting Same-Sex Parent families.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth Waters, Jennifer Power, Elise Davis, Lian Van MourikAbstract:Simon Crouch,1 Elizabeth Waters,1 Ruth McNair,2 Jennifer Power,3 Elise Davis,1 Lian van Mourik1,4 1. The McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 2. Department of General Practice and Northwest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3. The Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria 4. Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Russell Bonduriansky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intralocus sexual conflict and the genetic architecture of sexually dimorphic traits in prochyliza xanthostoma diptera piophilidae
Evolution, 2005Co-Authors: Russell Bonduriansky, Locke RoweAbstract:Because homologous traits of males and females are likely to have a common genetic basis, sex-specific selection (often resulting from sexual selection on one sex) may generate an evolutionary tug-of-war known as intralocus sexual conflict, which will constrain the adaptive divergence of the sexes. Theory suggests that intralocus sexual conflict can be mitigated through reduction of the intersexual genetic correlation (rMF), predicting negative covariation between rMF and sexual dimorphism. In addition, recent work showed that selection should favor reduced expression of alleles inherited from the opposite-sex Parent (intersexual inheritance) in traits subject to intralocus sexual conflict. For traits under sexual selection in males, this should be manifested either in reduced maternal heritability or, when conflict is severe, in reduced heritability through the opposite-sex Parent in offspring of both sexes. However, because we do not know how far these hypothesized evolutionary responses can actually proceed, the importance of intralocus sexual conflict as a long-term constraint on adaptive evolution remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of sexual and nonsexual morphological traits in Prochyliza xanthostoma. The lowest rMF and greatest dimorphism were exhibited by two sexual traits (head length and antenna length) and, among all traits, the degree of sexual dimorphism was correlated negatively with rMF. Moreover, sexual traits exhibited reduced maternal heritabilities, and the most strongly dimorphic sexual trait (antenna length) was heritable only through the Same-Sex Parent in offspring of both sexes. Our results support theory and suggest that intralocus sexual conflict can be resolved substantially by genomic adaptation. Further work is required to identify the proximate mechanisms underlying these patterns.
Ruth Mcnair - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of family structure and socio-demographic characteristics on child health and wellbeing in Same-Sex Parent families: A cross-sectional survey.
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2016Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth WatersAbstract:Aim Children with Same-Sex attracted Parents develop well in terms of their health and wellbeing. There are many recognised factors that have an impact on child health, in general, including individual, family and wider social mediators. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of family structure and socio-demographic characteristics on child health and wellbeing in Australian Same-Sex Parent families. Methods A cross-sectional survey of self-identified Same-Sex attracted Parents from across Australia was used to collect information on child health and wellbeing between May and December 2012. Mixed-effects multiple linear regression models were used to identify associations between family structure/socio-demographic characteristics and child wellbeing. Child health outcomes were measured using the Child Health Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results In Same-Sex Parent families, biological relationships, Parental gender and Parental education were not significantly associated with health and wellbeing. Parental income, rurality and stable Parental relationships were associated with health and wellbeing, and living in a single-Parent household was associated with poorer wellbeing. Conclusions Stable dual Parent families offer good outcomes for children with Same-Sex attracted Parents. Family processes are most important. This study does not support the assertion that children require both male and female Parents, nor that biological relationships are essential to health and wellbeing. This study provides scientific data from a cross-sectional Australian-based study to describe and understand health determinants for children in family contexts that comprise Same-Sex Parent and all family contexts. It recommends equitable, stigma-free family support.
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The health perspectives of Australian adolescents from same‐sex Parent families: a mixed methods study
Child Care Health and Development, 2014Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth Waters, Jennifer PowerAbstract:Background Research involving adolescents from Same-Sex Parent families provides an important contribution to the evidence base on their health, well-being and the impact of stigma. To date reports on the perspectives of adolescents with Same-Sex attracted Parents have been limited. This study aimed to describe the multidimensional experiences of physical, mental and social well-being of adolescents living in this context. Methods A mixed methods study of adolescents with Same-Sex attracted Parents comprising of an adolescent-report survey of 10- to 17-year-olds and family interviews with adolescents and their Parents. Data were collected in 2012 and 2013 as part of the Australian Study of Child Health in Same-Sex Families. Results The findings from qualitative interviews with seven adolescents and responses to an open-ended survey question (n = 16) suggest four themes: perceptions of normality, positive concepts of health, spheres of life (including family, friends and community) and avoiding negativity. The quantitative sample of adolescents with Same-Sex attracted Parents (n = 35) reported higher scores than population normative data on the dimensions general health and family activities within the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) as well as higher on the peer problems scale on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Perceived stigma correlates with lower health and well-being overall. Conclusions Positive health outcomes are informed by the ways adolescents conceptualize health and how they construct their spheres of life. Peer relationships, and community perspectives of Same-Sex families, inform perceived stigma and its correlation with poorer health and well-being. Although adolescents see their families as essentially normal they are negatively affected by external societal stigma.
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Parent-reported measures of child health and wellbeing in Same-Sex Parent families: a cross-sectional survey.
BMC Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth Waters, Jennifer Power, Elise DavisAbstract:It has been suggested that children with Same-Sex attracted Parents score well in psychosocial aspects of their health, however questions remain about the impact of stigma on these children. Research to date has focused on lesbian Parents and has been limited by small sample sizes. This study aims to describe the physical, mental and social wellbeing of Australian children with Same-Sex attracted Parents, and the impact that stigma has on them. A cross-sectional survey, the Australian Study of Child Health in Same-Sex Families, was distributed in 2012 to a convenience sample of 390 Parents from Australia who self-identified as Same-Sex attracted and had children aged 0-17 years. Parent-reported, multidimensional measures of child health and wellbeing and the relationship to perceived stigma were measured. 315 Parents completed the survey (completion rate = 81%) representing 500 children. 80% of children had a female index Parent while 18% had a male index Parent. Children in Same-Sex Parent families had higher scores on measures of general behavior, general health and family cohesion compared to population normative data (β = 2.93, 95% CI = 0.35 to 5.52, P = .03; β = 5.60, 95% CI = 2.69 to 8.52, P =
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Triumphs and challenges in recruiting Same-Sex Parent families.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Simon R Crouch, Ruth Mcnair, Elizabeth Waters, Jennifer Power, Elise Davis, Lian Van MourikAbstract:Simon Crouch,1 Elizabeth Waters,1 Ruth McNair,2 Jennifer Power,3 Elise Davis,1 Lian van Mourik1,4 1. The McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 2. Department of General Practice and Northwest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3. The Bouverie Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria 4. Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Locke Rowe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intralocus sexual conflict and the genetic architecture of sexually dimorphic traits in prochyliza xanthostoma diptera piophilidae
Evolution, 2005Co-Authors: Russell Bonduriansky, Locke RoweAbstract:Because homologous traits of males and females are likely to have a common genetic basis, sex-specific selection (often resulting from sexual selection on one sex) may generate an evolutionary tug-of-war known as intralocus sexual conflict, which will constrain the adaptive divergence of the sexes. Theory suggests that intralocus sexual conflict can be mitigated through reduction of the intersexual genetic correlation (rMF), predicting negative covariation between rMF and sexual dimorphism. In addition, recent work showed that selection should favor reduced expression of alleles inherited from the opposite-sex Parent (intersexual inheritance) in traits subject to intralocus sexual conflict. For traits under sexual selection in males, this should be manifested either in reduced maternal heritability or, when conflict is severe, in reduced heritability through the opposite-sex Parent in offspring of both sexes. However, because we do not know how far these hypothesized evolutionary responses can actually proceed, the importance of intralocus sexual conflict as a long-term constraint on adaptive evolution remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of sexual and nonsexual morphological traits in Prochyliza xanthostoma. The lowest rMF and greatest dimorphism were exhibited by two sexual traits (head length and antenna length) and, among all traits, the degree of sexual dimorphism was correlated negatively with rMF. Moreover, sexual traits exhibited reduced maternal heritabilities, and the most strongly dimorphic sexual trait (antenna length) was heritable only through the Same-Sex Parent in offspring of both sexes. Our results support theory and suggest that intralocus sexual conflict can be resolved substantially by genomic adaptation. Further work is required to identify the proximate mechanisms underlying these patterns.
