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Marianne Le M Roux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review of the ethnobotany contemporary uses chemistry and pharmacology of the genus thesium Santalaceae
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020Co-Authors: Natasha Lombard, Marianne Le M RouxAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Many plant species representing the hemi-parasitic genus Thesium play important roles in communities around the globe as evidenced by the numerous ethnobotanical and contemporary uses, and pharmacological activities. However, no attempt has been made to amalgamate and analyze all of the available information. A comprehensive survey is needed to highlight knowledge gaps, as well as to determine the economic importance and commercial potential of the genus. Aims of this review To provide a comprehensive report on the species diversity, geographical distribution, ethnobotany, contemporary uses, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Thesium, as well as to give insights into possible future research opportunities. Materials and methods Literature on the ethnobotany, contemporary uses, chemistry and pharmacology of Thesium was gathered from standard search engines (Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder and Scopus) using the phrase Thesium, as well as generic synonyms. Additional information came from relevant books, theses, patents and label information from herbarium specimens in the National Herbarium in Pretoria, South Africa. Information on geographical distributions was compiled from regional floras, regional revisions, original species descriptions and databases (GBIF, IPNI, Plants of the World online and The Plant List). Scientific names and synonyms were validated through www.plantsoftheworldonline.org . Results A total of 23 Thesium species, 17 from Africa and six from Asia, were found to have traditional and contemporary uses. Despite the near cosmopolitan distribution of the genus, no uses were recorded for Europe, Australia and North America. Thesium plants are most commonly used as medicines (18 species), functional foods and beverages (seven species), charms (six species) and crafts (three species), but also have several other minor uses. Charm uses were restricted to southern and East Africa, while several contemporary uses such as functional feeds and fodders, growth mediums and fertilizers and veterinary medicine were unique to Asia. Thesium chinense is by far the most utilized and versatile species with a total of 173 uses in nine use categories, followed by T. longifolium with 39 uses in six use categories. No specific trends were observed in the plant parts used. As a medicine Thesium is used to treat 137 ailments, predominantly reproductive and breast (22), respiratory tract (18), degenerative (11), digestive (11) and urinary (10) ailments. Chemical analyses are available for only eight species, with flavonoids, fatty acids and alkaloids as the main compounds. The potential influence of the host plants on the chemistry and pharmacology remains unexplored. The pharmacological activities of two species, T. chinense and T. viride, have been studied, while three other species are reported to be poisonous. Thesium chinense has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, chemopreventive, cytotoxic and other general therapeutic properties, and T. viride anti-bacterial activity. Conclusion This study has highlighted the ethnobotanical, contemporary and pharmacological importance of Thesium and informed possible future research opportunities. While ample information is available on the traditional uses of the richly diverse African Thesium species, the few Asian species dominate the literature on contemporary uses and pharmacology, while relevant literature on species in the rest of the world is altogether lacking. In light of the popularity of Asian species as ingredients in contemporary medicines and products, further research is needed into African species and their uses, including potential commercial uses. As an important medicinal hemi-parasite in both Africa and Asia, the identities of ethnobotanically relevant species and their phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology remain underexplored and require more research attention.
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a taxonomic revision of the thesium goetzeanum species complex Santalaceae from lesotho south africa and swaziland
South African Journal of Botany, 2018Co-Authors: Naomi Visser, Marianne Le M RouxAbstract:Abstract The genus Thesium L. is in urgent need of revision and has been identified as a priority genus for taxonomic research in South Africa. The revision of 16 morphologically similar grassland species from Lesotho, South Africa and Swaziland, here referred to as the T. goetzeanum complex, is a first step towards a comprehensive revision of the genus. All members of the complex share the following characters: (1) tepals with a prominent apical beard, (2) anthers attached to the perianth tube with post-staminal hairs, (3) stigmas usually not sessile (rarely sessile in T. gracilarioides A.W.Hill and T. gypsophiloides A.W.Hill), (4) monotelic inflorescences, (5) leaves, bracts and bracteoles leaf-like, not scale-like, (6) stems leafy, not rush-like, and (7) stems and leaves glabrous. A comprehensive study of morphology, type specimens, distribution information, available literature, as well as field observations, indicate that the number of accepted species should be reduced from 16 to 9, including the newly recognised species T. infundibulare N.Visser and M.M.le Roux sp. nov. The first comprehensive description of T. procerum N.E.Br. is also provided. A taxonomic revision of the T. goetzeanum complex is presented, including an identification key, updated nomenclature and typifications, descriptions, diagnostic characters, distribution maps and conservation notes for all nine recognised species.
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a taxonomic evaluation of the thesium confine species complex Santalaceae
Bothalia, 2018Co-Authors: Kagiso S Mashego, Marianne Le M RouxAbstract:Background: Thesium L. is the largest genus in the family Santalaceae (sandalwood family). The last taxonomic revision of the southern African species dates back to 1925. An urgent revision of the genus is required as indicated in a recent national biosystematics research strategy for South Africa. Objectives: To revise the Thesium confine species complex ( Thesium durum, T. confine and Thesium spartioides ) and to update the typification, nomenclature, descriptions and distribution ranges. Method: Morphological characters were studied using own field collections as well as herbarium specimens from K, NU, PRE and PRU and images on Global Plants (JSTOR). Distribution ranges of the studied species were updated. Results: An examination of morphological characters revealed great similarity between T. spartioides and T. confine . Both species have an herbaceous habit, decumbent growth form, terminal (or less frequently axillary) inflorescences and a sympatric northern distribution in South Africa. Thesium durum differs from T. spartioides and T. confine in having a shrubby habit, erect growth form and axillary inflorescences and occurs in the southern part of South Africa. Conclusion: Thesium spartioides is synonymised under T. confine , and T. durum is retained as a separate species.
Jeanmarc Bouvet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of ingestion by drepanoptila holosericea columbidae on the seed germination of santalum austrocaledonicum Santalaceae
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacques Tassin, Nicolas Barre, Jeanmarc BouvetAbstract:Santalum austrocaledonicum Vieill. (Santalaceae) is a small tree endemic to New Caledonia and Vanuatu, well-known for the highly priced aromatic oil of its heartwood (Nasi & Ehrhart 1996). In New Caledonia, sandalwood grows on Loyalty Islands, the Isle of Pines and Grande-Terre (Bottin et al. 2006). The tree produces single-seeded fleshy drupes, which turn dark-red at maturity. Sandalwood seeds are dormant because of their hard coat and germinate only on physical scarification, or after removing the coat (Chauvin & Ehrhart 1998). In natural habitats, such seeds need further processing to relieve dormancy and promote germination, within a period where there is a good chance of successful seedling establishment (Murdoch & Ellis 2000) (Resume d'auteur)
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Effect of ingestion by Drepanoptila holosericea (Columbidae) on the seed germination of Santalum austrocaledonicum (Santalaceae)
Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Jacques Tassin, Nicolas Barre, Jeanmarc BouvetAbstract:Santalum austrocaledonicum Vieill. (Santalaceae) is a small tree endemic to New Caledonia and Vanuatu, well-known for the highly priced aromatic oil of its heartwood (Nasi & Ehrhart 1996). In New Caledonia, sandalwood grows on Loyalty Islands, the Isle of Pines and Grande-Terre (Bottin et al. 2006). The tree produces single-seeded fleshy drupes, which turn dark-red at maturity. Sandalwood seeds are dormant because of their hard coat and germinate only on physical scarification, or after removing the coat (Chauvin & Ehrhart 1998). In natural habitats, such seeds need further processing to relieve dormancy and promote germination, within a period where there is a good chance of successful seedling establishment (Murdoch & Ellis 2000).
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isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in santalum austrocaledonicum Santalaceae
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2005Co-Authors: Lorraine Bottin, Alexandre Vaillant, Pierre Sire, Celine Cardi, Jeanmarc BouvetAbstract:The forest tree Santalum austrocaledonicum is endemic to the archipelagos of New Caledonia and Vanuatu, and is threatened by the reduction of the populations due to exploitation. In order to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of this species, we developed eight pairs of primers for nuclear microsatellites. These loci were polymorphic in all the populations, with a mean of three to 33 alleles per locus.
Helen M Wallace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clonality and sexual reproductive failure in remnant populations of santalum lanceolatum Santalaceae
Biological Conservation, 2000Co-Authors: Cindy L Warburton, Elizabeth A James, Yvonne J Fripp, Stephen J Trueman, Helen M WallaceAbstract:Habitat fragmentation can have important conservation consequences for clonal plant species that possess self-incompatibility mechanisms, as lack of genetic variability within remnant populations may result in sexual reproductive failure. Allozymes and RAPDs were used in this study to determine the extent of clonality in remnant Victorian populations of the northern sandalwood, Santalum lanceolatum (Santalaceae), a species that has been heavily wild-harvested. S. lanceolatum can reproduce asexually by root suckers, and each population was identified as a unique single clone composed of numerous ramets of a single genet. Examination of pollination and fruit set indicated that little or no sexual reproduction was occurring in the remnants, due to pollen sterility in one population and self-incompatibility or pistil dysfunction in others. Clonality, genetic isolation and sexual reproductive failure indicate that preservation of each population, and possibly the establishment of new ones, should be objectives of the conservation strategy for the S. lanceolatum remnants.
Tony Page - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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domestication of northern sandalwood santalum lanceolatum Santalaceae for indigenous forestry on the cape york peninsula
Australian Forestry, 2019Co-Authors: A J Burridge, Tony Page, J R Huth, N ThompsonAbstract:ABSTRACTOver recent decades there has been considerable private investment in developing a sandalwood (Santalum spp.) industry due to the high international demand for products derived from its heartwood. While Santalum album (Indian sandalwood) has been the primary species used in these investments, other species may also have potential for commercialisation. In Cape York Peninsula (CYP), where Santalum lanceolatum occurs naturally, there are limited options for industry development, but research has shown that sandalwood products may provide an opportunity. The potential to incorporate sandalwood into existing Indigenous land management plans and further extend this into commercial plantings provides the opportunity to utilise an endemic tree species for economic development. This paper summarises participatory research with two Indigenous communities in the CYP to evaluate and improve conservation and development outcomes through sandalwood domestication.The project has been implemented through a serie...
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isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in santalum lanceolatum and santalum leptocladum Santalaceae
American Journal of Botany, 2010Co-Authors: Brendan L Jones, Michelle Waycott, Heather Robson, Ainsley Calladine, Tony PageAbstract:Santalum , or sandalwood, are hemiparasitic trees, with many species highly valued for their heartwood oils, resulting in widespread exploitation of the genus in the wild. One species has been recently classed as extinct, and of the remaining 15, one classed as endangered and two as vulnerable (IUCN, 2010). The detrimental impacts of harvesting being observed among many of the remaining unlisted species. Northern sandalwood, S. lanceolatum (R.Br.), is a wide-spread Australian species harvested for oil since the 1800s. Recently, S. lanceolatum sensu lato was revised taxonomically and a southern segregate species, S. leptocladum , defi ned ( Harbaugh, 2007 ). Here we report on the development of fi ve novel microsatellite loci for use in S. lanceolatum and S. leptocladum and the characterization of three microsatellite loci designed for S. insulare ( Lhuillier et al., 2006 ) and S. austrocaledonicum ( Bottin et al., 2005 ) for use in S. lanceolatum and S. leptocladum.
Elizabeth A James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clonality and sexual reproductive failure in remnant populations of santalum lanceolatum Santalaceae
Biological Conservation, 2000Co-Authors: Cindy L Warburton, Elizabeth A James, Yvonne J Fripp, Stephen J Trueman, Helen M WallaceAbstract:Habitat fragmentation can have important conservation consequences for clonal plant species that possess self-incompatibility mechanisms, as lack of genetic variability within remnant populations may result in sexual reproductive failure. Allozymes and RAPDs were used in this study to determine the extent of clonality in remnant Victorian populations of the northern sandalwood, Santalum lanceolatum (Santalaceae), a species that has been heavily wild-harvested. S. lanceolatum can reproduce asexually by root suckers, and each population was identified as a unique single clone composed of numerous ramets of a single genet. Examination of pollination and fruit set indicated that little or no sexual reproduction was occurring in the remnants, due to pollen sterility in one population and self-incompatibility or pistil dysfunction in others. Clonality, genetic isolation and sexual reproductive failure indicate that preservation of each population, and possibly the establishment of new ones, should be objectives of the conservation strategy for the S. lanceolatum remnants.
