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Ardiles Vivar, Omar Antonio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxicidad del bioinsecticida sapindus Saponaria (boliche) sobre la plaga myzus persicae (pulgon verde) de la hibiscus rosa sinensis (cucarda) para la disminución del uso de plaguicidas sintéticos Los Olivos, Lima, 2018
'Universidad Cesar Vallejo', 2018Co-Authors: Ardiles Vivar, Omar AntonioAbstract:Antecedente: Como parte más resaltante de los antecedentes se toma en cuenta al autor Iannacone donde en su investigación uso el extracto crudo de la Sapindus Saponaria para medir su toxicidad frente a una especie de caracol invasor, y demostrando que la Sapindus Saponaria funciona como bioinsecticida. Objetivo: Determinar toxicidad del bioinsecticida Sapindus Saponaria (boliche) sobre la plaga Myzus persicae (pulgón verde) de la Hibiscus rosa - sinensis (cucarda) para la disminución del uso plaguicidas sintéticos en Los Olivos Metodología: La investigación se llevó a cabo en el laboratorio de biotecnología de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo y el domicilio del investigador para la elaboración de un bioinsecticida usando la Sapindus Saponaria como base y medir la toxicidad que esta produce en la plaga de pulgón verde. Se extrajo con etanol el grupo activo de la Sapindus en un estado siruposo, el cual se usó para la elaboración del bioinsecticida, por lo que se extrajeron 5 concentraciones (0.181 ppm, 0.220 ppm, 0.361 ppm, 0.410 ppm y 0.500 ppm) y usando 5 repeticiones cada una sobre 32 sujetos de pulgón verde que previamente fueron usados para aumentar su población y realizar la investigación sin problemas. Para determinar los resultados se usó análisis estadístico PROBIT y ANVA con prueba de contraste de TUKEY Resultados y discusión: En los resultados se observa que la concentración de 0.500 ppm alcanza un porcentaje de mortalidad del 81.25% con una media de 9 horas promedio para que se ejecute esta mortalidad en la DL50, así como también puede observarse la cantidad de saponinas extraídas deforma liquida en el proceso (0.20 %) y cuantificadas, dándonos 980.65 ppm en el extracto puro. Conclusiones: Se determinó la toxicidad del bioinsecticida Sapindus Saponaria sobre el Myzus persicae (pulgón verde) del Hibiscus rosa – sinensis, siendo 0.500 ppm (mg/L) la dosis más efectiva dejando una mortalidad superior a la mitad de los sujetos de prueba en 9 horas promedio. Se propone realizar otros tipos de métodos de extracción del grupo activo para comparar cual es el más eficaz
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Toxicidad del bioinsecticida sapindus Saponaria (boliche) sobre la plaga myzus persicae (pulgon verde) de la hibiscus rosa sinensis (cucarda) para la disminución del uso de plaguicidas sintéticos Los Olivos, Lima, 2018
'Universidad Cesar Vallejo', 2018Co-Authors: Ardiles Vivar, Omar AntonioAbstract:TesisLima NorteEscuela Profesional de Ingeniería AmbientalConservación y Manejo de la BiodiversidadAntecedente: Como parte más resaltante de los antecedentes se toma en cuenta al autor Iannacone donde en su investigación uso el extracto crudo de la Sapindus Saponaria para medir su toxicidad frente a una especie de caracol invasor, y demostrando que la Sapindus Saponaria funciona como bioinsecticida. Objetivo: Determinar toxicidad del bioinsecticida Sapindus Saponaria (boliche) sobre la plaga Myzus persicae (pulgón verde) de la Hibiscus rosa - sinensis (cucarda) para la disminución del uso plaguicidas sintéticos en Los Olivos Metodología: La investigación se llevó a cabo en el laboratorio de biotecnología de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo y el domicilio del investigador para la elaboración de un bioinsecticida usando la Sapindus Saponaria como base y medir la toxicidad que esta produce en la plaga de pulgón verde. Se extrajo con etanol el grupo activo de la Sapindus en un estado siruposo, el cual se usó para la elaboración del bioinsecticida, por lo que se extrajeron 5 concentraciones (0.181 ppm, 0.220 ppm, 0.361 ppm, 0.410 ppm y 0.500 ppm) y usando 5 repeticiones cada una sobre 32 sujetos de pulgón verde que previamente fueron usados para aumentar su población y realizar la investigación sin problemas. Para determinar los resultados se usó análisis estadístico PROBIT y ANVA con prueba de contraste de TUKEY Resultados y discusión: En los resultados se observa que la concentración de 0.500 ppm alcanza un porcentaje de mortalidad del 81.25% con una media de 9 horas promedio para que se ejecute esta mortalidad en la DL50, así como también puede observarse la cantidad de saponinas extraídas deforma liquida en el proceso (0.20 %) y cuantificadas, dándonos 980.65 ppm en el extracto puro. Conclusiones: Se determinó la toxicidad del bioinsecticida Sapindus Saponaria sobre el Myzus persicae (pulgón verde) del Hibiscus rosa – sinensis, siendo 0.500 ppm (mg/L) la dosis más efectiva dejando una mortalidad superior a la mitad de los sujetos de prueba en 9 horas promedio. Se propone realizar otros tipos de métodos de extracción del grupo activo para comparar cual es el más eficaz
Jacqui A Shykoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multiple infections relatedness and virulence in the anther smut fungus castrating Saponaria plants
Molecular Ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Taiadjana M Fortuna, Alodie Snirc, Jacqui A Shykoff, Alice Namias, Antoine Branca, Michael E Hood, Christian Raquin, Tatiana GiraudAbstract:Multiple infections (co-occurrence of multiple pathogen genotypes within an individual host) can have important impacts on diseases. Relatedness among pathogens can affect the likelihood of multiple infections and their consequences through kin selection. Previous studies on the castrating anther-smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae have shown that multiple infections occur in its host plant Silene latifolia. Relatedness was high among fungal genotypes within plants, which could result from competitive exclusion between unrelated fungal genotypes, from population structure or from interactions between plant and fungal genotypes for infection ability. Here, we aimed at disentangling these hypotheses using M. Saponariae and its host Saponaria officinalis, both experimentally tractable for these questions. By analysing populations using microsatellite markers, we also found frequent occurrence of multiple infections and high relatedness among strains within host plants. Infections resulting from experimental inoculations in the greenhouse also revealed high relatedness among strains co-infecting host plants, even in clonally replicated plant genotypes, indicating that high relatedness within plants did not result merely from plant x fungus interactions or population structure. Furthermore, hyphal growth in vitro was affected by the presence of a competitor growing nearby and by its genetic similarity, although this latter effect was strain-dependent. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that relatedness-dependent competitive exclusion occurs in Microbotryum fungi within plants. These microorganisms can thus respond to competitors and to their level of relatedness.
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polymorphic microsatellite markers for the tetrapolar anther smut fungus microbotryum Saponariae based on genome sequencing
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Taiadjana M Fortuna, Alodie Snirc, Helene Badouin, Jerome Gouzy, Sophie Siguenza, Diane Esquerre, Stephanie Le Prieur, Jacqui A ShykoffAbstract:Background: Anther-smut fungi belonging to the genus Microbotryum sterilize their host plants by aborting ovaries and replacing pollen by fungal spores. Sibling Microbotryum species are highly specialized on their host plants and they have been widely used as models for studies of ecology and evolution of plant pathogenic fungi. However, most studies have focused, so far, on M. lychnidis-dioicae that parasitizes the white campion Silene latifolia. Microbotryum Saponariae, parasitizing mainly Saponaria officinalis, is an interesting anther-smut fungus, since it belongs to a tetrapolar lineage (i.e., with two independently segregating mating-type loci), while most of the anther-smut Microbotryum fungi are bipolar (i.e., with a single mating-type locus). Saponaria officinalis is a widespread long-lived perennial plant species with multiple flowering stems, which makes its anther-smut pathogen a good model for studying phylogeography and within-host multiple infections. Principal Findings: Here, based on a generated genome sequence of M. Saponariae we developed 6 multiplexes with a total of 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers using an inexpensive and efficient method. We scored these markers in fungal individuals collected from 97 populations across Europe, and found that the number of their alleles ranged from 2 to 11, and their expected heterozygosity from 0.01 to 0.58. Cross-species amplification was examined using nine other Microbotryum species parasitizing hosts belonging to Silene, Dianthus and Knautia genera. All loci were successfully amplified in at least two other Microbotryum species. Significance: These newly developed markers will provide insights into the population genetic structure and the occurrence of within-host multiple infections of M. Saponariae. In addition, the draft genome of M. Saponariae, as well as one of the described markers will be useful resources for studying the evolution of the breeding systems in the genus Microbotryum and the evolution of specialization onto different plant species.
Taiadjana M Fortuna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multiple infections relatedness and virulence in the anther smut fungus castrating Saponaria plants
Molecular Ecology, 2018Co-Authors: Taiadjana M Fortuna, Alodie Snirc, Jacqui A Shykoff, Alice Namias, Antoine Branca, Michael E Hood, Christian Raquin, Tatiana GiraudAbstract:Multiple infections (co-occurrence of multiple pathogen genotypes within an individual host) can have important impacts on diseases. Relatedness among pathogens can affect the likelihood of multiple infections and their consequences through kin selection. Previous studies on the castrating anther-smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae have shown that multiple infections occur in its host plant Silene latifolia. Relatedness was high among fungal genotypes within plants, which could result from competitive exclusion between unrelated fungal genotypes, from population structure or from interactions between plant and fungal genotypes for infection ability. Here, we aimed at disentangling these hypotheses using M. Saponariae and its host Saponaria officinalis, both experimentally tractable for these questions. By analysing populations using microsatellite markers, we also found frequent occurrence of multiple infections and high relatedness among strains within host plants. Infections resulting from experimental inoculations in the greenhouse also revealed high relatedness among strains co-infecting host plants, even in clonally replicated plant genotypes, indicating that high relatedness within plants did not result merely from plant x fungus interactions or population structure. Furthermore, hyphal growth in vitro was affected by the presence of a competitor growing nearby and by its genetic similarity, although this latter effect was strain-dependent. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that relatedness-dependent competitive exclusion occurs in Microbotryum fungi within plants. These microorganisms can thus respond to competitors and to their level of relatedness.
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polymorphic microsatellite markers for the tetrapolar anther smut fungus microbotryum Saponariae based on genome sequencing
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Taiadjana M Fortuna, Alodie Snirc, Helene Badouin, Jerome Gouzy, Sophie Siguenza, Diane Esquerre, Stephanie Le Prieur, Jacqui A ShykoffAbstract:Background: Anther-smut fungi belonging to the genus Microbotryum sterilize their host plants by aborting ovaries and replacing pollen by fungal spores. Sibling Microbotryum species are highly specialized on their host plants and they have been widely used as models for studies of ecology and evolution of plant pathogenic fungi. However, most studies have focused, so far, on M. lychnidis-dioicae that parasitizes the white campion Silene latifolia. Microbotryum Saponariae, parasitizing mainly Saponaria officinalis, is an interesting anther-smut fungus, since it belongs to a tetrapolar lineage (i.e., with two independently segregating mating-type loci), while most of the anther-smut Microbotryum fungi are bipolar (i.e., with a single mating-type locus). Saponaria officinalis is a widespread long-lived perennial plant species with multiple flowering stems, which makes its anther-smut pathogen a good model for studying phylogeography and within-host multiple infections. Principal Findings: Here, based on a generated genome sequence of M. Saponariae we developed 6 multiplexes with a total of 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers using an inexpensive and efficient method. We scored these markers in fungal individuals collected from 97 populations across Europe, and found that the number of their alleles ranged from 2 to 11, and their expected heterozygosity from 0.01 to 0.58. Cross-species amplification was examined using nine other Microbotryum species parasitizing hosts belonging to Silene, Dianthus and Knautia genera. All loci were successfully amplified in at least two other Microbotryum species. Significance: These newly developed markers will provide insights into the population genetic structure and the occurrence of within-host multiple infections of M. Saponariae. In addition, the draft genome of M. Saponariae, as well as one of the described markers will be useful resources for studying the evolution of the breeding systems in the genus Microbotryum and the evolution of specialization onto different plant species.
Jerome Gouzy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polymorphic microsatellite markers for the tetrapolar anther smut fungus microbotryum Saponariae based on genome sequencing
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Taiadjana M Fortuna, Alodie Snirc, Helene Badouin, Jerome Gouzy, Sophie Siguenza, Diane Esquerre, Stephanie Le Prieur, Jacqui A ShykoffAbstract:Background: Anther-smut fungi belonging to the genus Microbotryum sterilize their host plants by aborting ovaries and replacing pollen by fungal spores. Sibling Microbotryum species are highly specialized on their host plants and they have been widely used as models for studies of ecology and evolution of plant pathogenic fungi. However, most studies have focused, so far, on M. lychnidis-dioicae that parasitizes the white campion Silene latifolia. Microbotryum Saponariae, parasitizing mainly Saponaria officinalis, is an interesting anther-smut fungus, since it belongs to a tetrapolar lineage (i.e., with two independently segregating mating-type loci), while most of the anther-smut Microbotryum fungi are bipolar (i.e., with a single mating-type locus). Saponaria officinalis is a widespread long-lived perennial plant species with multiple flowering stems, which makes its anther-smut pathogen a good model for studying phylogeography and within-host multiple infections. Principal Findings: Here, based on a generated genome sequence of M. Saponariae we developed 6 multiplexes with a total of 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers using an inexpensive and efficient method. We scored these markers in fungal individuals collected from 97 populations across Europe, and found that the number of their alleles ranged from 2 to 11, and their expected heterozygosity from 0.01 to 0.58. Cross-species amplification was examined using nine other Microbotryum species parasitizing hosts belonging to Silene, Dianthus and Knautia genera. All loci were successfully amplified in at least two other Microbotryum species. Significance: These newly developed markers will provide insights into the population genetic structure and the occurrence of within-host multiple infections of M. Saponariae. In addition, the draft genome of M. Saponariae, as well as one of the described markers will be useful resources for studying the evolution of the breeding systems in the genus Microbotryum and the evolution of specialization onto different plant species.
Sophie Siguenza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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polymorphic microsatellite markers for the tetrapolar anther smut fungus microbotryum Saponariae based on genome sequencing
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Taiadjana M Fortuna, Alodie Snirc, Helene Badouin, Jerome Gouzy, Sophie Siguenza, Diane Esquerre, Stephanie Le Prieur, Jacqui A ShykoffAbstract:Background: Anther-smut fungi belonging to the genus Microbotryum sterilize their host plants by aborting ovaries and replacing pollen by fungal spores. Sibling Microbotryum species are highly specialized on their host plants and they have been widely used as models for studies of ecology and evolution of plant pathogenic fungi. However, most studies have focused, so far, on M. lychnidis-dioicae that parasitizes the white campion Silene latifolia. Microbotryum Saponariae, parasitizing mainly Saponaria officinalis, is an interesting anther-smut fungus, since it belongs to a tetrapolar lineage (i.e., with two independently segregating mating-type loci), while most of the anther-smut Microbotryum fungi are bipolar (i.e., with a single mating-type locus). Saponaria officinalis is a widespread long-lived perennial plant species with multiple flowering stems, which makes its anther-smut pathogen a good model for studying phylogeography and within-host multiple infections. Principal Findings: Here, based on a generated genome sequence of M. Saponariae we developed 6 multiplexes with a total of 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers using an inexpensive and efficient method. We scored these markers in fungal individuals collected from 97 populations across Europe, and found that the number of their alleles ranged from 2 to 11, and their expected heterozygosity from 0.01 to 0.58. Cross-species amplification was examined using nine other Microbotryum species parasitizing hosts belonging to Silene, Dianthus and Knautia genera. All loci were successfully amplified in at least two other Microbotryum species. Significance: These newly developed markers will provide insights into the population genetic structure and the occurrence of within-host multiple infections of M. Saponariae. In addition, the draft genome of M. Saponariae, as well as one of the described markers will be useful resources for studying the evolution of the breeding systems in the genus Microbotryum and the evolution of specialization onto different plant species.
