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Iyyaswami Regupathi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on the Storage Stability of Sardine Oil
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Sampath Charanyaa, Prasanna D Belur, Iyyaswami RegupathiAbstract:Oil extracted from pelagic fishes, rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) like Eicosapentaenoic acid and Docosahexaenoic acid, have numerous health benefits. The Oil also contains impurities like di- and mono glycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, unsaponifiable matter, metal ions and volatile compounds. Most of these impurities are removed by refining process without affecting valuable n-3 PUFA. However, due to the presence of residual impurities, environmental factors and higher degree of unsaturation, the Oil exhibit hydrolytic and oxidative instability during storage. This study was aimed to identify the most detrimental factors causing hydrolytic and oxidative instability and deterioration of n-3 PUFA content in Sardine Oil during five-week storage. The effect of various extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the storage stability was investigated. The hydrolytic and oxidative instability was estimated by free fatty acid (FFA) content and totox value (TV) respectively. Moisture, sunlight, ferric ions and FFA were found to be most detrimental to Oil quality and n-3 PUFA content. Although, addition of phosphotidylcholine and phospholipase-A showed high degree of hydrolytic and oxidative instability, n-3 PUFA destruction was minimal. Interestingly, even in the presence of ferric ions and FFA, phosphotidylcholine and phospholipase-A exhibited n-3 PUFA protection. The exact mechanism by which phosphotidylcholine and phospholipase-A offered protection to n-3 PUFA needs further investigation. From this study, it can be concluded that removing ferric ions, moisture and FFA from crude Oil during refining is essential. Further, the refined Oil must be stored under dark conditions in airtight containers to retard deterioration of Oil quality.
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Optimization of Lipase Mediated Enrichment of n-3 PUFA Glycerides in Indian Sardine Oil
International journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Sampath Charanyaa, B. D. Prasanna, Iyyaswami RegupathiAbstract:Indian Sardine Oil is a rich source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which exists in the form of glycerides. The current work aims to optimize a process to enhance n-3 PUFA esters in the refined Sardine Oil by optimizing the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycerides having saturated fatty acid esters, using Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PCL). Degree of hydrolysis (DOH) of PCL dissolved in solvent (polypropylene glycol) in the presence of surfactants like tween 80 and SDS was observed to be the highest at 40°C, 4 mg/mL enzyme load, surfactant to enzyme ratio of 2:1 (v/v), Oil to water ratio of 1:1 (w/w), hydrolyzed for 15 minutes. After hydrolysis, Oil was deacidified using methanolic extraction. Upon analysis of Oil by using Gas Chromatography with FID, an increase in n-3 PUFA content from 17.91% (w/w) to 22.63% (w/w) was evidenced. RP-HPLC equipped with ELSD showed that most of the fatty acids exist in the form of monoglycerides.
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A New Strategy to Refine Crude Indian Sardine Oil
Journal of Oleo Science, 2017Co-Authors: Sampath Charanyaa, Prasanna D Belur, Iyyaswami RegupathiAbstract:Current work aims to develop a refining process for removing phospholipids, free fatty acids (FFA), and metal ions without affecting n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) esters present in the crude Indian Sardine Oil. Sardine Oil was subjected to degumming with various acids (orthophosphoric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid), conventional and membrane assisted deacidification using various solvents (methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol) and bleaching with bleaching agents (GAC, activated earth and bentonite) and all the process parameters were further optimized. Degumming with 5%(w/w) ortho phosphoric acid, two stage solvent extraction with methanol at 1:1 (w/w) in each stage and bleaching with 3% (w/w) activated charcoal loading, at 80oC for 10 minutes resulted in the reduction of phospholipid content to 5.66 ppm from 612.66 ppm, FFA to 0.56% from 5.64% with the complete removal of iron and mercury. Under these conditions, the obtained bleached Oil showed an enhancement of n-3 PUFA from 16.39 % (11.19 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 5.20 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) to 17.91 % (11.81 EPA + 6.1 DHA). Replacing conventional solvent extraction with membrane deacidification using microporous, hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (PTFE), resulted in a lesser solvent residue (0.25% (w/w)) in the deacidified Oil. In view of lack of reports on refining of n-3 PUFA rich marine Oils without concomitant loss of n-3 PUFA, this report is significant.
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Screening of Solvents for Deacidification of Sardine Oil
Recent Advances in Chemical Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Chandrasekar Vaisali, Belur D. Prasanna, Iyyaswami RegupathiAbstract:The need for softer processing of fish Oil has become one of the major concerns in the refining industry. The deacidification efficiency of Sardine Oil/solvent mixture with different solvents was studied. Four solvents methanol, ethanol, propanol and acetonitrile were tested for their ability to deacidify Sardine Oil. At an Oil/solvent ratio of 1:2, maximum reduction in free fatty acids (FFA) of 32.08, 30.8, 23.3 and 10.94 % was noted for methanol, ethanol, propanol and acetonitrile respectively. The influence of various solvent ratios, and their effects on the Oil loss were also studied. The efficiency in deacidification was also characterised by the solvent traces in Oil and reduced Oil loss. Of all the tested solvents, methanol gave the highest reduction in the FFA levels while acetonitrile gave the lowest reduction in FFA.
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Enzymatic Concentration of n−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Indian Sardine Oil
Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Charanyaa Sampath, B. D. Prasanna, N. Anita, Iyyaswami RegupathiAbstract:Lately, fish Oils are being given importance due to the presence of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFA). Since n−3 PUFA are known to have many health benefits, researchers are focusing on the methods to concentrate them from various fish Oils. In an attempt to enrich n−3 PUFA in the present study, Indian Sardine Oil was hydrolyzed with Candida rugosa lipase. Lipase activity was optimized for the reaction parameters such as pH, temperature, water concentration, solvent amount and time. The optimal pH, temperature, water- Oil ratio, solvent- Oil ratio and time were pH 6.5, 35 °C, 1:10 (w/v), 1:1 (w/v) and 30 min respectively. Under these conditions, the iodine value of the Oil was found to have increased from 145.45 to 162.29 which indicate an enhancement of n−3 PUFA in the Oil. This study shows an improvement in the quality of Oil in terms of n−3 PUFA content that has a potential for use in nutraceuticals.
Ángela García Solaesa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Substrates emulsification process to improve lipase-catalyzed Sardine Oil glycerolysis in different systems. Evaluation of lipid oxidation of the reaction products.
Food Research International, 2017Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, María Teresa Sanz, Rodrigo Melgosa, Sagrario BeltránAbstract:Abstract Mono- and diacylglycerols rich in omega-3 have a great interest due to their good bioavailability and oxidation stability compared with other kind of omega-3 concentrates. The main drawback in mono- and diacylglycerols production by glycerolysis is the immiscibility of the substrates, Oil and glycerol. To improve mass transfer rates, avoiding the use of organic solvents, emulsification of both reactants as reverse micelles (glycerol-in-Oil) was carried out previous to lipase-catalyzed Sardine Oil glycerolysis. Substrate emulsification yielded higher reaction rates compared to kinetics with no previous emulsification, but still lower than in organic solvents. To avoid the use of organic solvent, SC-CO 2 was used as reaction medium but no kinetic advantages were demonstrated in the pressure range from 15 to 25 MPa. By increasing temperature, from 40 to 90 °C, reaction rates increased both in a solvent-free system and in SC-CO 2 medium. It was also found that an increase in temperature does not lead to an increase in the final oxidation status of the reaction products. This behavior was due to the adsorption capacity of the Lipozyme 435 support, giving lower oxidation status at the highest temperature, 80–90 °C.
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Kinetic study and kinetic parameters of lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Sardine Oil in a homogeneous medium
Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2016Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Rodrigo MelgosaAbstract:The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) concentrates by enzymatic catalysis has gained interest due to their stereospecificity and the milder conditions employed compared to the use of inorganic catalysts. The enzymatic glycerolysis of Sardine Oil by Lipozyme® 435 to get PUFA concentrates in the forms of di- and monoacylglycerols (DAGs, MAGs) in an optimized amount of tert-butanol as the organic solvent was studied. First, mass transfer limitation of the reaction system was analyzed. The effects of different operating variables such as lipase loading, temperature and feed composition were investigated. A semi-empirical kinetic model based on the reversible elementary reactions of glycerolysis and hydrolysis of the glycerides was employed to correlate the experimental kinetic data. A molar ratio glycerol:Oil of 3:1 was the optimum, which produced more than 84 wt% of MAG at 323 K. A comparison with other glycerolysis systems was performed using MAG yield, reaction rate and significance of kinetic parameters.
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Glycerolysis of Sardine Oil catalyzed by a water dependent lipase in different tert-alcohols as reaction medium
Grasas y Aceites, 2015Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Rodrigo Melgosa, Sagrario BeltránAbstract:The production of monoacylglycerol rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) via enzymatic glycerolysis of Sardine Oil in a homogeneous system was evaluated. Reactions were conducted in two different tert-alcohols. Based on the phase equilibrium data, the amount of solvent added to create a homogeneous system has been calculated and optimized. The immobilized lipase used in this work was Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei , a water dependent lipase. The amount of water added as well as other reaction parameters were studied to evaluate the optimum conditions for monoacylglycerol obtencion. An initial reactant mole ratio glycerol to Sardine Oil 3:1, 12 wt% of water based on glycerol content and 10 wt% of lipase loading (based on weight of reactants), achieved a MAG yield of around 70%, with nearly 28 wt% PUFA, with low free fatty acid content (lower than 18 wt%).
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liquid liquid equilibria for systems glycerol Sardine Oil tert alcohols
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Sara RebolledaAbstract:Abstract Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) can be produced by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Oils and fats at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The use of organic solvents as reaction media helps to create a homogeneous reaction system between the immiscible reactants glycerol and Oil. In this work liquid–liquid equilibrium at two different temperatures (303.2 and 323.2 K) and at atmospheric pressure has been determined for two solvent-systems in the glycerolysis of fish Oil (Sardine Oil): glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-butanol and glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-pentanol. From the experimental solubility (binodal) curves and tie-lines, it could be observed that the system mutual solubility does not significantly increase by increasing temperature from 303.2 to 323.2 K. The Othmer–Tobias correlation was used to analyze the consistency of the tie-line data. The experimental liquid–liquid data were correlated satisfactorily by using the NRTL model for the activity coefficient calculation.
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Liquid–liquid equilibria for systems glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-alcohols
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Sara RebolledaAbstract:Abstract Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) can be produced by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Oils and fats at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The use of organic solvents as reaction media helps to create a homogeneous reaction system between the immiscible reactants glycerol and Oil. In this work liquid–liquid equilibrium at two different temperatures (303.2 and 323.2 K) and at atmospheric pressure has been determined for two solvent-systems in the glycerolysis of fish Oil (Sardine Oil): glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-butanol and glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-pentanol. From the experimental solubility (binodal) curves and tie-lines, it could be observed that the system mutual solubility does not significantly increase by increasing temperature from 303.2 to 323.2 K. The Othmer–Tobias correlation was used to analyze the consistency of the tie-line data. The experimental liquid–liquid data were correlated satisfactorily by using the NRTL model for the activity coefficient calculation.
Sara Rebolleda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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liquid liquid equilibria for systems glycerol Sardine Oil tert alcohols
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Sara RebolledaAbstract:Abstract Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) can be produced by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Oils and fats at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The use of organic solvents as reaction media helps to create a homogeneous reaction system between the immiscible reactants glycerol and Oil. In this work liquid–liquid equilibrium at two different temperatures (303.2 and 323.2 K) and at atmospheric pressure has been determined for two solvent-systems in the glycerolysis of fish Oil (Sardine Oil): glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-butanol and glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-pentanol. From the experimental solubility (binodal) curves and tie-lines, it could be observed that the system mutual solubility does not significantly increase by increasing temperature from 303.2 to 323.2 K. The Othmer–Tobias correlation was used to analyze the consistency of the tie-line data. The experimental liquid–liquid data were correlated satisfactorily by using the NRTL model for the activity coefficient calculation.
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Liquid–liquid equilibria for systems glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-alcohols
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Sara RebolledaAbstract:Abstract Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) can be produced by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Oils and fats at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The use of organic solvents as reaction media helps to create a homogeneous reaction system between the immiscible reactants glycerol and Oil. In this work liquid–liquid equilibrium at two different temperatures (303.2 and 323.2 K) and at atmospheric pressure has been determined for two solvent-systems in the glycerolysis of fish Oil (Sardine Oil): glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-butanol and glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-pentanol. From the experimental solubility (binodal) curves and tie-lines, it could be observed that the system mutual solubility does not significantly increase by increasing temperature from 303.2 to 323.2 K. The Othmer–Tobias correlation was used to analyze the consistency of the tie-line data. The experimental liquid–liquid data were correlated satisfactorily by using the NRTL model for the activity coefficient calculation.
Sagrario Beltrán - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Substrates emulsification process to improve lipase-catalyzed Sardine Oil glycerolysis in different systems. Evaluation of lipid oxidation of the reaction products.
Food Research International, 2017Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, María Teresa Sanz, Rodrigo Melgosa, Sagrario BeltránAbstract:Abstract Mono- and diacylglycerols rich in omega-3 have a great interest due to their good bioavailability and oxidation stability compared with other kind of omega-3 concentrates. The main drawback in mono- and diacylglycerols production by glycerolysis is the immiscibility of the substrates, Oil and glycerol. To improve mass transfer rates, avoiding the use of organic solvents, emulsification of both reactants as reverse micelles (glycerol-in-Oil) was carried out previous to lipase-catalyzed Sardine Oil glycerolysis. Substrate emulsification yielded higher reaction rates compared to kinetics with no previous emulsification, but still lower than in organic solvents. To avoid the use of organic solvent, SC-CO 2 was used as reaction medium but no kinetic advantages were demonstrated in the pressure range from 15 to 25 MPa. By increasing temperature, from 40 to 90 °C, reaction rates increased both in a solvent-free system and in SC-CO 2 medium. It was also found that an increase in temperature does not lead to an increase in the final oxidation status of the reaction products. This behavior was due to the adsorption capacity of the Lipozyme 435 support, giving lower oxidation status at the highest temperature, 80–90 °C.
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Kinetic study and kinetic parameters of lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Sardine Oil in a homogeneous medium
Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2016Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Rodrigo MelgosaAbstract:The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) concentrates by enzymatic catalysis has gained interest due to their stereospecificity and the milder conditions employed compared to the use of inorganic catalysts. The enzymatic glycerolysis of Sardine Oil by Lipozyme® 435 to get PUFA concentrates in the forms of di- and monoacylglycerols (DAGs, MAGs) in an optimized amount of tert-butanol as the organic solvent was studied. First, mass transfer limitation of the reaction system was analyzed. The effects of different operating variables such as lipase loading, temperature and feed composition were investigated. A semi-empirical kinetic model based on the reversible elementary reactions of glycerolysis and hydrolysis of the glycerides was employed to correlate the experimental kinetic data. A molar ratio glycerol:Oil of 3:1 was the optimum, which produced more than 84 wt% of MAG at 323 K. A comparison with other glycerolysis systems was performed using MAG yield, reaction rate and significance of kinetic parameters.
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Glycerolysis of Sardine Oil catalyzed by a water dependent lipase in different tert-alcohols as reaction medium
Grasas y Aceites, 2015Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Rodrigo Melgosa, Sagrario BeltránAbstract:The production of monoacylglycerol rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) via enzymatic glycerolysis of Sardine Oil in a homogeneous system was evaluated. Reactions were conducted in two different tert-alcohols. Based on the phase equilibrium data, the amount of solvent added to create a homogeneous system has been calculated and optimized. The immobilized lipase used in this work was Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei , a water dependent lipase. The amount of water added as well as other reaction parameters were studied to evaluate the optimum conditions for monoacylglycerol obtencion. An initial reactant mole ratio glycerol to Sardine Oil 3:1, 12 wt% of water based on glycerol content and 10 wt% of lipase loading (based on weight of reactants), achieved a MAG yield of around 70%, with nearly 28 wt% PUFA, with low free fatty acid content (lower than 18 wt%).
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liquid liquid equilibria for systems glycerol Sardine Oil tert alcohols
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Sara RebolledaAbstract:Abstract Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) can be produced by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Oils and fats at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The use of organic solvents as reaction media helps to create a homogeneous reaction system between the immiscible reactants glycerol and Oil. In this work liquid–liquid equilibrium at two different temperatures (303.2 and 323.2 K) and at atmospheric pressure has been determined for two solvent-systems in the glycerolysis of fish Oil (Sardine Oil): glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-butanol and glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-pentanol. From the experimental solubility (binodal) curves and tie-lines, it could be observed that the system mutual solubility does not significantly increase by increasing temperature from 303.2 to 323.2 K. The Othmer–Tobias correlation was used to analyze the consistency of the tie-line data. The experimental liquid–liquid data were correlated satisfactorily by using the NRTL model for the activity coefficient calculation.
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Liquid–liquid equilibria for systems glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-alcohols
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Sara RebolledaAbstract:Abstract Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) can be produced by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Oils and fats at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The use of organic solvents as reaction media helps to create a homogeneous reaction system between the immiscible reactants glycerol and Oil. In this work liquid–liquid equilibrium at two different temperatures (303.2 and 323.2 K) and at atmospheric pressure has been determined for two solvent-systems in the glycerolysis of fish Oil (Sardine Oil): glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-butanol and glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-pentanol. From the experimental solubility (binodal) curves and tie-lines, it could be observed that the system mutual solubility does not significantly increase by increasing temperature from 303.2 to 323.2 K. The Othmer–Tobias correlation was used to analyze the consistency of the tie-line data. The experimental liquid–liquid data were correlated satisfactorily by using the NRTL model for the activity coefficient calculation.
María Teresa Sanz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Substrates emulsification process to improve lipase-catalyzed Sardine Oil glycerolysis in different systems. Evaluation of lipid oxidation of the reaction products.
Food Research International, 2017Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, María Teresa Sanz, Rodrigo Melgosa, Sagrario BeltránAbstract:Abstract Mono- and diacylglycerols rich in omega-3 have a great interest due to their good bioavailability and oxidation stability compared with other kind of omega-3 concentrates. The main drawback in mono- and diacylglycerols production by glycerolysis is the immiscibility of the substrates, Oil and glycerol. To improve mass transfer rates, avoiding the use of organic solvents, emulsification of both reactants as reverse micelles (glycerol-in-Oil) was carried out previous to lipase-catalyzed Sardine Oil glycerolysis. Substrate emulsification yielded higher reaction rates compared to kinetics with no previous emulsification, but still lower than in organic solvents. To avoid the use of organic solvent, SC-CO 2 was used as reaction medium but no kinetic advantages were demonstrated in the pressure range from 15 to 25 MPa. By increasing temperature, from 40 to 90 °C, reaction rates increased both in a solvent-free system and in SC-CO 2 medium. It was also found that an increase in temperature does not lead to an increase in the final oxidation status of the reaction products. This behavior was due to the adsorption capacity of the Lipozyme 435 support, giving lower oxidation status at the highest temperature, 80–90 °C.
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Kinetic study and kinetic parameters of lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Sardine Oil in a homogeneous medium
Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2016Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Rodrigo MelgosaAbstract:The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) concentrates by enzymatic catalysis has gained interest due to their stereospecificity and the milder conditions employed compared to the use of inorganic catalysts. The enzymatic glycerolysis of Sardine Oil by Lipozyme® 435 to get PUFA concentrates in the forms of di- and monoacylglycerols (DAGs, MAGs) in an optimized amount of tert-butanol as the organic solvent was studied. First, mass transfer limitation of the reaction system was analyzed. The effects of different operating variables such as lipase loading, temperature and feed composition were investigated. A semi-empirical kinetic model based on the reversible elementary reactions of glycerolysis and hydrolysis of the glycerides was employed to correlate the experimental kinetic data. A molar ratio glycerol:Oil of 3:1 was the optimum, which produced more than 84 wt% of MAG at 323 K. A comparison with other glycerolysis systems was performed using MAG yield, reaction rate and significance of kinetic parameters.
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Glycerolysis of Sardine Oil catalyzed by a water dependent lipase in different tert-alcohols as reaction medium
Grasas y Aceites, 2015Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Rodrigo Melgosa, Sagrario BeltránAbstract:The production of monoacylglycerol rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) via enzymatic glycerolysis of Sardine Oil in a homogeneous system was evaluated. Reactions were conducted in two different tert-alcohols. Based on the phase equilibrium data, the amount of solvent added to create a homogeneous system has been calculated and optimized. The immobilized lipase used in this work was Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei , a water dependent lipase. The amount of water added as well as other reaction parameters were studied to evaluate the optimum conditions for monoacylglycerol obtencion. An initial reactant mole ratio glycerol to Sardine Oil 3:1, 12 wt% of water based on glycerol content and 10 wt% of lipase loading (based on weight of reactants), achieved a MAG yield of around 70%, with nearly 28 wt% PUFA, with low free fatty acid content (lower than 18 wt%).
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liquid liquid equilibria for systems glycerol Sardine Oil tert alcohols
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Sara RebolledaAbstract:Abstract Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) can be produced by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Oils and fats at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The use of organic solvents as reaction media helps to create a homogeneous reaction system between the immiscible reactants glycerol and Oil. In this work liquid–liquid equilibrium at two different temperatures (303.2 and 323.2 K) and at atmospheric pressure has been determined for two solvent-systems in the glycerolysis of fish Oil (Sardine Oil): glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-butanol and glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-pentanol. From the experimental solubility (binodal) curves and tie-lines, it could be observed that the system mutual solubility does not significantly increase by increasing temperature from 303.2 to 323.2 K. The Othmer–Tobias correlation was used to analyze the consistency of the tie-line data. The experimental liquid–liquid data were correlated satisfactorily by using the NRTL model for the activity coefficient calculation.
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Liquid–liquid equilibria for systems glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-alcohols
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013Co-Authors: Ángela García Solaesa, Silvia Liliana Bucio, María Teresa Sanz, Sagrario Beltrán, Sara RebolledaAbstract:Abstract Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) can be produced by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of Oils and fats at atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The use of organic solvents as reaction media helps to create a homogeneous reaction system between the immiscible reactants glycerol and Oil. In this work liquid–liquid equilibrium at two different temperatures (303.2 and 323.2 K) and at atmospheric pressure has been determined for two solvent-systems in the glycerolysis of fish Oil (Sardine Oil): glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-butanol and glycerol + Sardine Oil + tert-pentanol. From the experimental solubility (binodal) curves and tie-lines, it could be observed that the system mutual solubility does not significantly increase by increasing temperature from 303.2 to 323.2 K. The Othmer–Tobias correlation was used to analyze the consistency of the tie-line data. The experimental liquid–liquid data were correlated satisfactorily by using the NRTL model for the activity coefficient calculation.