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Brian W Spitzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • local maladaptation in the soft Scale Insect saissetia coffeae hemiptera coccidae
    Evolution, 2006
    Co-Authors: Brian W Spitzer
    Abstract:

    Local adaptation has often been documented in herbivorous Insects. The potential for local maladaptation in phytophagous Insects, however, has not been widely considered. I performed a two-generation reciprocal cross-transplant experiment with the generalist soft Scale Insect Saissetia coffeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on two common species of host plants in rain forest habitat in Costa Rica. In this system, S. coffeae showed significant local maladaptation at the level of the host species. Lineages originally collected from Witheringia enjoyed a strong advantage over those collected from Lomariopsis when both sets of lineages were placed on Lomariopsis; however, when both sets of lineages were raised on Witheringia, their fitnesses were statistically indistinguishable. While some aspects of the biology of S. coffeae may impair its ability to adapt to local selection pressures, Scale Insects are often locally adapted on fine spatial Scales, and local maladaptation is therefore especially surprising. Other documented cases of local maladaptation in parasites appear to be due to evolution on the part of the host. The possibility that hosts or natural enemies may place local genotypes at a disadvantage, producing a pattern of local maladaptation, is one that deserves more consideration in the context of plant-Insect interactions.

  • maternal effects in the soft Scale Insect saissetia coffeae hemiptera coccidae
    Evolution, 2004
    Co-Authors: Brian W Spitzer
    Abstract:

    Effects of maternal environment on offspring performance have been documented frequently in herbivorous Insects. Despite this, very few cases exist in which exposure of parent Insects to a resource causes the phenotype of their offspring to be adjusted in a manner that is adaptive for that resource, a phenomenon called adaptive transgenerational phenotypic plasticity. I performed a two-generation reciprocal cross-transplant experiment in the field with the soft Scale Insect Saissetia coffeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on two disparate host plant species in order to separate genetic effects from possible transgenerational plasticity. Despite striking differences in quality between host species, maternal host had no effect on overall offspring performance, and I detected no "acclimatization" to the maternal host species. However, there was a significant negative association between maternal and offspring development times, with potentially adaptive implications. Furthermore, offspring of mothers reared in an environment where Scale densities were higher and Scales were more frequently killed by fungi were significantly less likely to suffer from fungal attack than were offspring of mothers reared in an environment where densities were low and fungal attack was rare. Although S. coffeae does not appear to alter offspring phenotype to increase offspring fitness on these two distinct plant species, it does appear that offspring phenotype may be responding to some subtler aspects of maternal environment. In particular, the possibility of induced transgenerational prophylaxis in S. coffeae deserves further investigation.

Mattheus F A Goosen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • large Scale Insect cell culture
    Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 1992
    Co-Authors: Mattheus F A Goosen
    Abstract:

    Significant advances have been made over the past year in our understanding of the protective mechanisms, both fluid-mechanical and biological, of media additives on suspended animal cells. The degree of protection offered by different additives, such as pluronic polyol, appears to be cell-type dependent, varying quite dramatically not only between Insect and mammalian cells, but also between different Insect cell lines themselves.

  • large Scale Insect cell culture methods applications and products
    Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Mattheus F A Goosen
    Abstract:

    The primary development in large-Scale Insect cell culture over the past year has been the continuing accumulation of documented evidence (fundamental and applied) that conventional aerated stirred-tank and air-lift bioreactors may be employed for Insect cell cultivation and recombinant protein production, provided that air sparging, agitation, and the addition to the medium of Pluronic F-68 and methyl cellulose polymers are carefully controlled.

Spiros N. Agathos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Production Scale Insect cell culture.
    Biotechnology Advances, 1991
    Co-Authors: Spiros N. Agathos
    Abstract:

    Abstract Insect cells in culture are currently commanding great interest as superior hosts for the efficient production of biologicals with applications in health care and in agriculture. Insect cell culture is ripe for Scale-up technologies, in order to meet future projected production requirements of (a) Insect viruses used as bioInsecticides and (b) recombinant proteins of therapeutic potential for humans and animals. The single most prominent system used in research-based and in commercial Insect cell culture today involves lepidopteran cells transfected with baculovirus expression vectors for abundant formation of recombinant biologicals. However, dipteran Insect cell lines also are beginning to emerge as useful tools in biotechnology. Current practices in bioprocess development using Insect cell culture, advances in media formulation and in Insect cell bioreactor design, and emerging trends are presented and critically evaluated.

Joshi P.a. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • HAEMOCYTES OF THREE Scale Insect SPECIES: PHENACOCCUS GOSSYPII TOWNSEND & COCKERELL, PSEUDOCOCCUS LONGISPINUS (TARGIONI TOZZETTI) AND DACTYLOPIUS CONFUSUS (COCKERELL) (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA)
    'Wiley', 2016
    Co-Authors: Lambdin P.l., Joshi P.a.
    Abstract:

    HAEMOCYTES OF THREE Scale Insect SPECIES: PHENACOCCUS GOSSYPII TOWNSEND & COCKERELL, PSEUDOCOCCUS LONGISPINUS (TARGIONI TOZZETTI) AND DACTYLOPIUS CONFUSUS (COCKERELL) (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA) An evaluation of the haemocytes in the cochineal Scale, Dactylopius confusus (Cockerell), was completed and compared with those found in the mealybugs Phenacoccus gossypii Townsend & Cockerell and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) to assess the potential sites of the dye pigment source. Four basic cell types were found in the two pseudococcids and five in the cochineal Scale. The cell types common to all species included: prohaemocytes, oenocytoids, typical granulocytes and plasmatocytes. In addition, a modified granulocyte (poly-glyco-based granulocyte) was found to be specific to the cochineal Scale and this produced rough endoplasmic reticulum derived granules that may be the source for the synthesis of carminic acid. Key words: function, Coleus, Philodendron, Opuntia, unknown cell type, haemolymph

P.a. Joshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • haemocytes of three Scale Insect species phenacoccus gossypii townsend cockerell pseudococcus longispinus targioni tozzetti and dactylopius confusus cockerell hemiptera coccoidea
    Entomologica, 2016
    Co-Authors: Paris L Lambdin, P.a. Joshi
    Abstract:

    HAEMOCYTES OF THREE Scale Insect SPECIES: PHENACOCCUS GOSSYPII TOWNSEND & COCKERELL, PSEUDOCOCCUS LONGISPINUS (TARGIONI TOZZETTI) AND DACTYLOPIUS CONFUSUS (COCKERELL) (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA) An evaluation of the haemocytes in the cochineal Scale, Dactylopius confusus (Cockerell), was completed and compared with those found in the mealybugs Phenacoccus gossypii Townsend & Cockerell and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) to assess the potential sites of the dye pigment source. Four basic cell types were found in the two pseudococcids and five in the cochineal Scale. The cell types common to all species included: prohaemocytes, oenocytoids, typical granulocytes and plasmatocytes. In addition, a modified granulocyte (poly-glyco-based granulocyte) was found to be specific to the cochineal Scale and this produced rough endoplasmic reticulum derived granules that may be the source for the synthesis of carminic acid. Key words: function, Coleus, Philodendron, Opuntia, unknown cell type, haemolymph.