The Experts below are selected from a list of 44277 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ashot Margaryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
population genomics of the viking world
Nature, 2020Co-Authors: Ashot Margaryan, Daniel J Lawson, Martin Sikora, Fernando Racimo, Simon Rasmussen, Ida Moltke, Lara M Cassidy, Emil Jorsboe, Andres IngasonAbstract:The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about AD 750-1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci-including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response-in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
-
population genomics of the viking world
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Ashot Margaryan, Daniel J Lawson, Martin Sikora, Fernando Racimo, Simon Rasmussen, Ida Moltke, Lara M Cassidy, Emil Jorsboe, Andres IngasonAbstract:Abstract The Viking maritime expansion from Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) marks one of the swiftest and most far-flung cultural transformations in global history. During this time (c. 750 to 1050 CE), the Vikings reached most of western Eurasia, Greenland, and North America, and left a cultural legacy that persists till today. To understand the genetic structure and influence of the Viking expansion, we sequenced the genomes of 442 ancient humans from across Europe and Greenland ranging from the Bronze Age (c. 2400 BC) to the early Modern period (c. 1600 CE), with particular emphasis on the Viking Age. We find that the period preceding the Viking Age was accompanied by foreign gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east: spreading from Denmark and eastern Sweden to the rest of Scandinavia. Despite the close linguistic similarities of modern Scandinavian languages, we observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, suggesting that regional population differences were already present 1,000 years ago. We find evidence for a majority of Danish Viking presence in England, Swedish Viking presence in the Baltic, and Norwegian Viking presence in Ireland, Iceland, and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial foreign European ancestry entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. We also find that several of the members of the only archaeologically well-attested Viking expedition were close family members. By comparing Viking Scandinavian genomes with present-day Scandinavian genomes, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the last millennia. Finally, we are able to trace the allele frequency dynamics of positively selected loci with unprecedented detail, including the lactase persistence allele and various alleles associated with the immune response. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial foreign engagement: distinct Viking populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, while Scandinavia also experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
Andres Ingason - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
population genomics of the viking world
Nature, 2020Co-Authors: Ashot Margaryan, Daniel J Lawson, Martin Sikora, Fernando Racimo, Simon Rasmussen, Ida Moltke, Lara M Cassidy, Emil Jorsboe, Andres IngasonAbstract:The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about AD 750-1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci-including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response-in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
-
population genomics of the viking world
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Ashot Margaryan, Daniel J Lawson, Martin Sikora, Fernando Racimo, Simon Rasmussen, Ida Moltke, Lara M Cassidy, Emil Jorsboe, Andres IngasonAbstract:Abstract The Viking maritime expansion from Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) marks one of the swiftest and most far-flung cultural transformations in global history. During this time (c. 750 to 1050 CE), the Vikings reached most of western Eurasia, Greenland, and North America, and left a cultural legacy that persists till today. To understand the genetic structure and influence of the Viking expansion, we sequenced the genomes of 442 ancient humans from across Europe and Greenland ranging from the Bronze Age (c. 2400 BC) to the early Modern period (c. 1600 CE), with particular emphasis on the Viking Age. We find that the period preceding the Viking Age was accompanied by foreign gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east: spreading from Denmark and eastern Sweden to the rest of Scandinavia. Despite the close linguistic similarities of modern Scandinavian languages, we observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, suggesting that regional population differences were already present 1,000 years ago. We find evidence for a majority of Danish Viking presence in England, Swedish Viking presence in the Baltic, and Norwegian Viking presence in Ireland, Iceland, and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial foreign European ancestry entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. We also find that several of the members of the only archaeologically well-attested Viking expedition were close family members. By comparing Viking Scandinavian genomes with present-day Scandinavian genomes, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the last millennia. Finally, we are able to trace the allele frequency dynamics of positively selected loci with unprecedented detail, including the lactase persistence allele and various alleles associated with the immune response. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial foreign engagement: distinct Viking populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, while Scandinavia also experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
Andreas J. Krüger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
trauma systems and early management of severe injuries in Scandinavia review of the current state
Injury-international Journal of The Care of The Injured, 2010Co-Authors: Andreas J. Krüger, Thomas Kristiansen, Kjetil Soreide, Kjetil G Ringdal, Marius RehnAbstract:Introduction: Scandinavian countries face common challenges in trauma care. It has been suggested that Scandinavian trauma system development is immature compared to that of other regions. We wanted to assess the current status of Scandinavian trauma management and system development. Methods: An extensive search of the Medline/Pubmed, EMBASE and SweMed+ databases was conducted. Wide coverage was prioritised over systematic search strategies. Scandinavian publications from the last decade pertaining to trauma epidemiology, trauma systems and early trauma management were included. Results: The incidence of severe injury ranged from 30 to 52 per 100,000 inhabitants annually, with about 90% due to blunt trauma. Parts of Scandinavia are sparsely populated with long pre-hospital distances. In accordance with other European countries, pre-hospital physicians are widely employed and studies indicate that this practice imparts a survival benefit to trauma patients. More than 200 Scandinavian hospitals receive injured patients, increasingly via multidisciplinary trauma teams. Challenges remain concerning pre-hospital identification of the severely injured. Improved triage allows for a better match between patient needs and the level of resources available. Trauma management is threatened by the increasing sub-specialisation of professions and institutions. Scandinavian research is leading the development of team- and simulation-based trauma training. Several pan-Scandinavian efforts have facilitated research and provided guidelines for clinical management. Conclusion: Scandinavian trauma research is characterised by an active collaboration across countries. The current challenges require a focus on the role of traumatology within an increasingly fragmented health care system. Regional networks of predictable and accountable pre- and in-hospital resources are needed for efficient trauma systems. Successful development requires both novel research and scientific assessment of imported principles of trauma care.
-
Scandinavian pre-hospital physician-manned Emergency Medical Services--same concept across borders?
Resuscitation, 2010Co-Authors: Andreas J. Krüger, Eirik Skogvoll, Maaret Castrén, Jouni Kurola, Hans Morten LossiusAbstract:Abstract Background In Scandinavia, scattered populations and challenging geographical and climatic conditions necessitate highly advanced medical treatment by qualified pre-hospital services. Just like every other part of the health care system, the specialized pre-hospital EMS should aim to optimize its resource use, and critically review as well as continuously assess the quality of its practices. This study aims to provide a comprehensive profile of the pre-hospital, physician-manned EMS in the Scandinavian countries. Methods The study was designed as a web-based cross-sectional survey. All specialized pre-hospital, physician-manned services in Scandinavia were invited, and data concerning organization, qualification and medical activity in 2007 were mapped. Results Of the 41 invited services, 37 responded, which corresponds to a response rate of 90% (Finland 86%, Sweden 83%, Denmark 92%, Norway 94%). Organization and education are basically identical. All services provide advanced life support and have short response intervals. Services take care of a variety of patient groups, and skills are needed not only in procedures, but also in diagnostics, logistics, intensive care, and mass-casualty management. Consistent and detailed medical documentation was often lacking, however. Differences are mainly related to time variables, patient volume, and service area. The Danish and Swedish services have higher volumes of patient care encounters while the Finnish and Norwegian ones provide a wider variety of medical services. Conclusions This survey documented several significant similarities among pre-hospital physician-staffed EMS systems in Scandinavia. Although medical data registration is currently under-developed, Scandinavian physician-manned EMS is a feasible arena for future multi-centre research.
Dietlind Stolle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Introduction: Social Capital in Scandinavia
Scandinavian Political Studies, 2003Co-Authors: Bo Rothstein, Dietlind StolleAbstract:In this special issue of Scandinavian Political Studies it is explored how the concept of social capital relates to the Scandinavian context. It is common knowledge that Scandinavia performs well with regard to many aspects of social capital, such as the level of trust and the density of membership in voluntary associations. Contrary to developments in the United States, there is little evidence of a decline in social capital in Scandinavia. There are thus several reasons why Scandinavia offers an especially interesting testing ground for many of the hypotheses and problems generated by social capital theory. What kind of empirical evidence do we have for the changes of social capital in Scandinavia? If high levels of social capital are indeed an important attribute of Scandinavian society, how can such high levels be maintained? What is the relation between, on the one hand, social capital in the form of norms about reciprocity and, on the other hand, the Social Democratic type of encompassing and universal welfare state? Is there something special about the types of mechanisms that are behind the abundance and maintenance of social capital in Scandinavia? It is argued that the high level of social capital in the Scandinavian countries can be explained by (a) the high degree of economic equality, (b) the low level of patronage and corruption and (c) the predominance of universal non-discriminating welfare programmes.
Jonathon W. Moses - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Globalization, Europeanization and the End of Scandinavian Social Democracy? - Globalization, Europeanization and the end of Scandinavian social democracy?
2000Co-Authors: Robert Geyer, Christine Ingebritsen, Jonathon W. MosesAbstract:List of tables and figures Acknowledgements Notes on the contributors Introduction PART I: ECONOMIC POLICY Europeanization and the Crisis of Scandinavian Social Democracy Bad Timing Recommodification, Credit Reform and Crises of Coordination in Norway and Sweden in the 1980s and 1990s Floating Fortunes: Scandinavian Full Employment in the Tumultous 1970s-1980s PART II: WELFARE STATE AND SOCIAL POLICY Social Democratic Welfare States in a Global Economy: Scandinavia in Comparative Perspective Equality and Swedish Social Democracy: The Impact of Globalization and Europeanization Europeanization and the Scandinavian Model: Securing Borders and Defending Monopolies PART III: SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Just Say No! Norwegian Social Democrats and the European Union The Impact of Globalization and European Integration on the Danish Social Democratic Party Making Peace with the Union? The Swedish Social Democratic Party and European Integration Reference Index
