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Gary King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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leisure boredom and high School Dropout in cape town south africa
Journal of Adolescence, 2008Co-Authors: Lisa Wegner, Alan J Flisher, Perpetual Chikobvu, Carl Lombard, Gary KingAbstract:Abstract This prospective cohort study investigated whether leisure boredom predicts high School Dropout. Leisure boredom is the perception that leisure experiences do not satisfy the need for optimal arousal. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire which included the Leisure Boredom Scale. The original cohort of grade 8 students (n=303) was followed up twice at 2-yearly intervals. Of the 281 students at the second follow-up, 149 (53.0%) students had dropped out of School. The effect of leisure boredom on Dropout was investigated using logistic regression taking into account the clustering effect of the Schools in the sampling strategy, and adjusting for age, gender and racially classified social group. Leisure boredom was a significant predictor of Dropout (OR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.15) in students 14 years and older, but not so in younger students (OR=1.0; 95% CI: 0.95–1.05). The study has shown that measuring leisure boredom in grade 8 students can help identify students who are more likely to Dropout of School. Further research is needed to investigate the longitudinal association between leisure boredom and School Dropout.
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the relationship between bullying behaviours and high School Dropout in cape town south africa
South African Journal of Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Loraine Townsend, Alan J Flisher, Perpetual Chikobvu, Carl Lombard, Gary KingAbstract:Bullying is generally defined as largely unprovoked, negative physical or psychological actions perpetrated repeatedly over time between bully/ies and victims. Bullying can lead to fear of School, absenteeism, and stunted academic progress, which in turn are precursors to dropping out of School. This paper's aim is to report rates of bullying behaviour, and to investigate whether bullying behaviour predicts high School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa. Stratified, proportional sampling yielded 39 from a total of 214 Schools, from which 40 learners were randomly selected from the combined class list of two, randomly chosen, Grade 8 classes in each of the 39 participating Schools. Thus 1 470 learners (from a total of 181 018) completed a self-report questionnaire in 1997, and were followed-up in 2001. This report focuses on those learners who had dropped out of School between 1997 and 2001 (n = 776; 55.2%). Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between bullying behaviours and Dropout, controlling for factors known to be strongly related to high School Dropout, namely age, socioeconomic status, race, or ethnicity, being raised by a single parent, repeating a grade, and substance use. Odds ratios and 95 per cent confidence intervals were calculated, taking the clustering of Schools into account. In 1997, 52% of the boys and 37% of the girls had been involved in bullying behaviours. Of the three bullying categories (bully, victim, and bully-victim), girls but not boys in the 'bully-victim' category were significantly more likely to drop out of School (OR 1.82; CI 1.09-3.04, and when controlling for confounders OR 2.60; CI 1.32-5.10). The pervasiveness of both high School Dropout and bullying behaviour points to an urgent need for future research, and intervention in these areas.
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A Systematic Review of the Relationship between High School Dropout and Substance Use
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2007Co-Authors: Loraine Townsend, Alan J Flisher, Gary KingAbstract:A systematic review of peer-reviewed, empirical literature published between 1990 and 2006 was undertaken to determine whether existing research could provide evidence, and a deeper understanding of the relationship between dropping out of high School and the use of substances such as tobacco, alcohol, cannabis/marijuana and other illicit drugs. Forty-six articles were reviewed. The review describes the heterogeneity of theoretical frameworks employed, as well as the limited ability of any one to adequately explain the relationship between high School Dropout and substance use. A refinement of the many confounding and mediating variables into coherent conceptual categories would aid more robust theory building and theory integration. In spite of differences in Dropout definitions and diverse measures of substance use across studies, the main findings point to a largely consistent relationship between dropping out of high School and substance use. However, socially disadvantaged and poor persons, Dropouts, and drug users are over-represented in some of the loss to follow-up groups in longitudinal studies surveyed. More rigorous mechanisms to retain participants in longitudinal studies should be employed. Suggestions for future research include comparisons between urban and rural populations, employing qualitative research methods, and research in developing countries, which have the least favourable School outcomes and a dearth of research on high School Dropout.
Dinand Webbink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Does intensive coaching reduce School Dropout? Evidence from a randomized experiment
Economics of Education Review, 2015Co-Authors: Marc Van Der Steeg, Roel Van Elk, Dinand WebbinkAbstract:Abstract School Dropout is an important social and economic problem. This paper investigates the effect of an intensive coaching program aimed at reducing School Dropout rates among students aged 16–20. Students received support and guidance with their study activities, personal problems and internships in firms. The coaching program lasted one or two years. Students were randomly assigned to the coaching program. We find that one year of coaching reduced School Dropout rates by more than 40% from 17 to 10 percentage points. The second year of coaching further reduced School Dropout by 1 percentage point. The program is most effective for students with a high ex-ante probability of dropping out, such as students no longer obliged to be in formal education, male students, and students not living with both parents. Cost-benefit analysis suggests that one year of coaching is likely to yield a net social gain.
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Can Financial Incentives for Regional Education Authorities Reduce School Dropout?
De Economist, 2013Co-Authors: Marc Steeg, Dinand WebbinkAbstract:This paper investigates the effect of a new type of financial incentive in education targeted at regional authorities. Previous studies have focused on financial incentives for students, teachers or Schools. We identify the effect by exploiting the gradual introduction of a new policy aimed at reducing School Dropout in the Netherlands. The introduction of the policy in 14 out of 39 regions and the use of a specific selection rule for the participating regions allow us to estimate local difference-in-differences models. Using administrative data for all Dutch students in the year before and the year after the introduction of the new policy we find no effect of the financial incentive scheme on School Dropout. In addition, we find suggestive evidence for manipulation of outcomes in response to the program.
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Does intensive coaching reduce School Dropout
2012Co-Authors: Marc Van Der Steeg, Roel Van Elk, Dinand WebbinkAbstract:This paper investigates the effect of coaching in vocational education on School Dropout using data from a randomized experiment. We find that one year of coaching reduces School Dropout by more than 40 percent from 17 to 10 percentage points. The reduction in School Dropout results from two equally important channels: a reduction of Dropout from the study and a reduction of Dropout from the education system once students dropped out of their studies. This suggests that coaching interventions before as well as after study Dropout have contributed to less School Dropout. The effectiveness of coaching is largest for students with a high ex ante probability of Dropout, such as older students, males and students with an adverse socioeconomic background. A cost-benefit analysis suggests that one year of coaching is likely to yield a net social gain.
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Did the 2006 covenants reduce School Dropout in the Netherlands
2008Co-Authors: Marc Van Der Steeg, Roel Van Elk, Dinand WebbinkAbstract:Early School-leaving is considered to be one of the major problems in Dutch education. In order to reduce the number of Dropouts in the School year 2006-2007 the Dutch government has offered a financial incentive scheme to 14 out of 39 regions. This scheme provides a reward of 2000 euro per School Dropout less in 2006-07. The target of the scheme was a reduction of the total number of School Dropouts by at least 10 percent in one year. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of this School Dropout policy by comparing the change in School Dropout in these 14 regions with the change in the remaining 25 regions before and after the introduction of the policy. We observe a modest decline in the probability of dropping out in the 14 covenants regions. However, the decline in the non-covenant regions was equally large. We therefore find no significant effect on the probability of dropping out in the post-covenant year. In both regions, the number of Dropouts has fallen by 3 percent in the year after the covenants. This nationwide decline can be largely assigned to changes in the student populations among the pre- and post-covenant year. The covenants also gave a reward to regions for a successful reintegration of Dropouts in order to reduce School Dropout in that way. However, estimates for the effect on the re-enrolment of previous Dropouts are statistically insignificant as well. We conclude that 2006 covenant policy has not been effective in reducing early School-leaving.
Alan J Flisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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leisure boredom and high School Dropout in cape town south africa
Journal of Adolescence, 2008Co-Authors: Lisa Wegner, Alan J Flisher, Perpetual Chikobvu, Carl Lombard, Gary KingAbstract:Abstract This prospective cohort study investigated whether leisure boredom predicts high School Dropout. Leisure boredom is the perception that leisure experiences do not satisfy the need for optimal arousal. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire which included the Leisure Boredom Scale. The original cohort of grade 8 students (n=303) was followed up twice at 2-yearly intervals. Of the 281 students at the second follow-up, 149 (53.0%) students had dropped out of School. The effect of leisure boredom on Dropout was investigated using logistic regression taking into account the clustering effect of the Schools in the sampling strategy, and adjusting for age, gender and racially classified social group. Leisure boredom was a significant predictor of Dropout (OR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.01–1.15) in students 14 years and older, but not so in younger students (OR=1.0; 95% CI: 0.95–1.05). The study has shown that measuring leisure boredom in grade 8 students can help identify students who are more likely to Dropout of School. Further research is needed to investigate the longitudinal association between leisure boredom and School Dropout.
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the relationship between bullying behaviours and high School Dropout in cape town south africa
South African Journal of Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Loraine Townsend, Alan J Flisher, Perpetual Chikobvu, Carl Lombard, Gary KingAbstract:Bullying is generally defined as largely unprovoked, negative physical or psychological actions perpetrated repeatedly over time between bully/ies and victims. Bullying can lead to fear of School, absenteeism, and stunted academic progress, which in turn are precursors to dropping out of School. This paper's aim is to report rates of bullying behaviour, and to investigate whether bullying behaviour predicts high School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa. Stratified, proportional sampling yielded 39 from a total of 214 Schools, from which 40 learners were randomly selected from the combined class list of two, randomly chosen, Grade 8 classes in each of the 39 participating Schools. Thus 1 470 learners (from a total of 181 018) completed a self-report questionnaire in 1997, and were followed-up in 2001. This report focuses on those learners who had dropped out of School between 1997 and 2001 (n = 776; 55.2%). Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between bullying behaviours and Dropout, controlling for factors known to be strongly related to high School Dropout, namely age, socioeconomic status, race, or ethnicity, being raised by a single parent, repeating a grade, and substance use. Odds ratios and 95 per cent confidence intervals were calculated, taking the clustering of Schools into account. In 1997, 52% of the boys and 37% of the girls had been involved in bullying behaviours. Of the three bullying categories (bully, victim, and bully-victim), girls but not boys in the 'bully-victim' category were significantly more likely to drop out of School (OR 1.82; CI 1.09-3.04, and when controlling for confounders OR 2.60; CI 1.32-5.10). The pervasiveness of both high School Dropout and bullying behaviour points to an urgent need for future research, and intervention in these areas.
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A Systematic Review of the Relationship between High School Dropout and Substance Use
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2007Co-Authors: Loraine Townsend, Alan J Flisher, Gary KingAbstract:A systematic review of peer-reviewed, empirical literature published between 1990 and 2006 was undertaken to determine whether existing research could provide evidence, and a deeper understanding of the relationship between dropping out of high School and the use of substances such as tobacco, alcohol, cannabis/marijuana and other illicit drugs. Forty-six articles were reviewed. The review describes the heterogeneity of theoretical frameworks employed, as well as the limited ability of any one to adequately explain the relationship between high School Dropout and substance use. A refinement of the many confounding and mediating variables into coherent conceptual categories would aid more robust theory building and theory integration. In spite of differences in Dropout definitions and diverse measures of substance use across studies, the main findings point to a largely consistent relationship between dropping out of high School and substance use. However, socially disadvantaged and poor persons, Dropouts, and drug users are over-represented in some of the loss to follow-up groups in longitudinal studies surveyed. More rigorous mechanisms to retain participants in longitudinal studies should be employed. Suggestions for future research include comparisons between urban and rural populations, employing qualitative research methods, and research in developing countries, which have the least favourable School outcomes and a dearth of research on high School Dropout.
Luis Augusto Rohde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A package of interventions to reduce School Dropout in public Schools in a developing country
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Ana Soledade Graeff-martins, Sylvia Oswald, Christian Kieling, Júlia Obst Comassetto, Renata Rocha Gonçalves, Luis Augusto RohdeAbstract:Objective School Dropout rates are staggeringly high in developing countries, even for elementary School children. This study aims to assess the feasibility and initial efficacy of a package of interventions tailored to reduce School Dropout in public Schools in an urban city in Brazil. Method Two public Schools with similar high rates of Dropout in elementary grades were selected. In one of them, a package of universal preventive interventions was implemented during a School year, including two workshops with teachers, five informative letters to parents, three meetings with parents at School, a telephone helpline at School, and a 1-day cognitive intervention. For children who stayed ten consecutive days out of School without reason, mental health assessment and referral to mental health services in the community were offered. In the second School, no intervention was implemented. Results After this 1-year intervention, there were significant differences between the two Schools in rates of both Dropout ( P
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A package of interventions to reduce School Dropout in public Schools in a developing country. A feasibility study.
European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Ana Soledade Graeff-martins, Sylvia Oswald, Júlia Obst Comassetto, Christian Kieling, Renata Rocha Gonçalves, Luis Augusto RohdeAbstract:Objective School Dropout rates are staggeringly high in developing countries, even for elementary School children. This study aims to assess the feasibility and initial efficacy of a package of interventions tailored to reduce School Dropout in public Schools in an urban city in Brazil.
Aaron L Schwartz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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local access to family planning services and female high School Dropout rates
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2016Co-Authors: Katherine Hickscourant, Aaron L SchwartzAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To assess whether geographic access to family planning services is associated with a reduced female high School Dropout rate. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. We merged the location of Planned Parenthood and Title X clinics with microdata from the 2012-2013 American Community Surveys. The association between female high School Dropout rates and local clinic access was assessed using nearest-neighbor matching estimation. Models included various covariates to account for sociodemographic differences across communities and male high School Dropout rates to account for unmeasured community characteristics affecting educational outcomes. RESULTS: Our sample included 284910 16- to 22-year-old females. The presence of a Planned Parenthood clinic was associated with a decrease (4.08% compared with 4.83%; relative risk ratio 0.84 P<.001) in female high School Dropout rates. This association was consistent across several model specifications. The presence of a Title X clinic was associated with a decrease (4.79% compared with 5.07%; relative risk ratio 0.94 P=.03) in female high School Dropout rates an association that did not remain significant across model specifications. CONCLUSION: Local access to Planned Parenthood is associated with lower high School Dropout rates in young women.
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Local Access to Family Planning Services and Female High School Dropout Rates.
Obstetrics and gynecology, 2016Co-Authors: Katherine Hicks-courant, Aaron L SchwartzAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To assess whether geographic access to family planning services is associated with a reduced female high School Dropout rate. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. We merged the location of Planned Parenthood and Title X clinics with microdata from the 2012-2013 American Community Surveys. The association between female high School Dropout rates and local clinic access was assessed using nearest-neighbor matching estimation. Models included various covariates to account for sociodemographic differences across communities and male high School Dropout rates to account for unmeasured community characteristics affecting educational outcomes. RESULTS: Our sample included 284910 16- to 22-year-old females. The presence of a Planned Parenthood clinic was associated with a decrease (4.08% compared with 4.83%; relative risk ratio 0.84 P
