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Cognato Anthony - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jeffrey J Witcosky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biology of the invasive banded elm bark beetle coleoptera scolytidae in the western united states
    Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jose F. Negron, Jeffrey J Witcosky, Sally J Mcelwey, Livy Williams, John B Popp, Steven J. Seybold
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), native to Asia, was detected in the United States in 2003, and as of 2011 it is known to occur in 28 states and four Canadian provinces. S. schevyrewi infests the same elm (Ulmus spp.) hosts as the long-established invasive, the European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham). Information on the basic biology of S. schevyrewi in its native range is sparse; thus, we conducted laboratory studies and field studies in Colorado and Nevada. Comparisons of flight and behavioral responses were made with co-occurring S. multistriatus. When Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., cut logs (bolts) were allowed to be colonized by wild populations in the field, S. schevyrewi did not differ in emergence density from 10- versus 24-cm-diameter bolts. In the laboratory, S. schevyrewi readily colonized bolts of American elm, Ulmus americana L., but not Chinese elm, Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.; Siberian peashrub, Caragana arborescens Lam...

  • association of ophiostoma novo ulmi with Scolytus schevyrewi scolytidae in colorado
    Plant Disease, 2007
    Co-Authors: W. R. Jacobi, R D Koski, T C Harrington, Jeffrey J Witcosky
    Abstract:

    Jacobi, W. R., Koski, R. D., Harrington, T. C., and Witcosky, J. J. 2007. Association of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi with Scolytus schevyrewi (Scolytidae) in Colorado. Plant Dis. 91:245-247. The smaller European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus, has been the primary vector of the Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, in elm trees in Colorado since 1948. An exotic from Asia, the banded elm bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi, was found in Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila, in Colorado in April of 2003; this was the first report of S. schevyrewi in North America. S. schevyrewi is now found throughout much of Colorado and in at least 21 other states. The similarities in breeding and feeding habits between S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus have raised concerns about the ability of S. schevyrewi to serve as a vector for O. novo-ulmi. The objective of this preliminary study was to determine if O. novo-ulmi could be isolated from adult S. schevyrewi emerging from diseased elm trees. S. schevyrewi and S. multistriatus were allowed to infest diseased stem segments of American elm, Ulmus americana. The infested stem segments were caged and isolations were made from the adult brood that emerged. O. novo-ulmi was isolated from most of the adults of both beetle species, showing that S. schevyrewi could acquire the pathogen as effectively as S. multistriatus. Future studies are needed to determine if S. schevyrewi can effectively transmit the pathogen to healthy trees.

Smith Sarah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Susan J Murch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plant signals during beetle Scolytus multistriatus feeding in american elm ulmus americana planch
    Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2017
    Co-Authors: Brett M Saremba, S. Sherif, Fiona J M Tymm, Kathy Baethke, Mark R Rheault, Praveen K Saxena, Susan J Murch
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTAmerican Elms were devastated by an outbreak of Dutch Elm Disease is caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier that originated in Asia and arrived in the early 1900s. In spite of decades of study, the specific mechanisms and disease resistance in some trees is not well understood. the fungus is spread by several species of bark beetles in the genus Scolytus, during their dispersal and feeding. Our objective was to understand elm responses to beetle feeding in the absence of the fungus to identify potential resistance mechanisms. A colony of Scolytus multistriatus was established from wild-caught beetles and beetles were co-incubated with susceptible or resistant American elm varieties in a controlled environment chamber. Beetles burrowed into the auxillary meristems of the young elm shoots. The trees responded to the beetle damage by a series of spikes in the concentration of plant growth regulating compounds, melatonin, serotonin, and jasmonic acid. Spikes in melatonin and serotonin repre...

Olle Anderbrant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Feeding by Scolytus bark beetles to test for differently susceptible elm varieties
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Olle Anderbrant, Jothi Kumar Yuvaraj, Juan A. Martín, Luis Gil, Johanna Witzell
    Abstract:

    Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by the fungi Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi, has reduced elm populations severely in Europe and North America. Breeding programmes are in action to find less susceptible elm varieties suitable for re-establishing elm stands. Bark beetles, mainly Scolytus spp., are the only known natural vectors of DED. During twig feeding, beetles transfer Ophiostoma spores to healthy elms. Thus, less palatable elms should run a lower risk of DED infections. In feeding preference bioassays, we offered twigs from elms exhibiting different degree of susceptibility to O. novo-ulmi, together with non-host trees to Scolytus beetles. Scolytus multistriatus preferred wych elm, Ulmus glabra, to 100% in two-choice tests, whereas S. laevis did not discriminate between a tolerant and a susceptible variety of field elm, U. minor. We suggest that the feeding assay is useful as a low-tech method in breeding programmes for evaluating the suitability of promising elm genotypes to vector insects. (Less)

  • Pheromone of the elm bark beetle Scolytus laevis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): stereoisomers of 4-methyl-3-heptanol reduce interspecific competition
    Chemoecology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Olle Anderbrant, Philip S. Pharazyn, Ellen M. Santangelo, Fredrik Schlyter, David S. Matteson, C. Rikard Unelius, Göran Birgersson
    Abstract:

    Stereoisomers of 4-methyl-3-heptanol (MH) are pheromone components of several Scolytus bark beetles. The elm bark beetle Scolytus laevis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) has in previous studies been caught in traps baited with commercial MH containing all four stereoisomers, but the lure has been considered a weak attractant. In this study, we addressed the question whether stereospecific responses by S. laevis to stereoisomers of MH might contribute to its niche separation from other sympatric Scolytus species. Using GC–MS, we analyzed extracts of hindguts and abdomens from male and female S. laevis and the sympatric S. triarmatus . We also tested all four MH-stereoisomers individually and in combinations in the field to determine their role for S. laevis . All four stereoisomers were synthesized via a boronic ester method with 1,2-dicyclohexylethanediol as chiral director. In addition, the (3 S ,4 R )-stereoisomer of MH was prepared through enantioselective, lipase-mediated transesterification of a mixture of the four stereoisomers of MH. Females of both species contained small amounts of syn-MH, and males contained trace amounts of anti-MH. The anti stereoisomer (3 R ,4 S )-MH was attractive to male and female S. laevis , whereas the syn stereoisomer (3 S ,4 S )-MH acted as an inhibitor or deterrent and reduced the catch when added to the attractive isomer. The syn isomer is the main aggregation pheromone component of the larger and sympatric S. Scolytus and possibly also of S. triarmatus . The avoidance response of S. laevis to the (3 S ,4 S )-stereoisomer may reduce interspecific competition for host trees.

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