The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Guillaume Porraz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What is a Wilton scraper? Perspectives from the Late Holocene assemblage of Balerno Main Shelter, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Southern African Humanities, 2019Co-Authors: Iris Guillemard, Guillaume PorrazAbstract:Microlithic Wilton Scrapers are widespread stone tools of the southern African Holocene Later Stone Age. Though they have been studied and classified in various ways, there are still many uncertainties regarding their fabrication, function and hafting, which ultimately produce one question: are all these Scrapers the same tool? The scraper variability in one site, Balerno Main Shelter in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, is investigated through a morpho-functional analysis of the Late Holocene (end-)scraper assemblage. The results of our analysis led us to individualise three types of tool that vary primarily with regard to the characteristics of their passive units (the assumed prehensile part). This classification is accompanied by hypotheses about the hafting and functioning of these Scrapers, and carries implications for the categorisation of Wilton Scrapers throughout southern Africa.
Andrea Zupancich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interpreting the quina and demi quina Scrapers from acheulo yabrudian qesem cave israel results of raw materials and functional analyses
Journal of Human Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Andrea Zupancich, Aviad AgamAbstract:Abstract Quina Scrapers are well-known components of the European Middle Paleolithic Mousterian. A similar production process was detected within the lithic assemblages of the Levantine Acheulo-Yabrudian (∼400–200 ka). This study combines the results of use-wear and raw material analyses of 75 Quina Scrapers and 133 demi-Quina Scrapers from the Acheulo-Yabrudian site Qesem Cave, Israel, aimed at interpreting the function of Quina and demi-Quina at Qesem Cave, the considerations affecting the lithic choices involved in their production, and the behavioral and evolutionary implications. Each scraper was examined for use-wear and was assigned to a flint type and potential geologic source(s). Our results demonstrate a selective pattern of exploitation of flint which does not originate from the local Turonian outcrops, specifically for the manufacture of Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers. This suggests a thoughtful, well-planned effort, taking into consideration the flint traits and future function. This pattern repeats itself throughout time, reflecting a high degree of familiarity with the potential sources located around the cave, implying the existence of knowledge transmission mechanisms concerning the location of specific flint sources and their acquisition methods, as well as concerning exploitation preferences.
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A scraper's life history: Morpho-techno-functional and use-wear analysis of Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers from Qesem Cave, Israel
Quaternary International, 2016Co-Authors: Cristina Lemorini, Avi Gopher, Andrea Zupancich, Laurent Bourguignon, Ran BarkaiAbstract:A sample of Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers from the Yabrudian levels at Qesem Cave has been studied through an integrated approach, combining techno-morpho-functional and use-wear analyses. The potential of this approach is shown using the data obtained and discussed in this paper. Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers at Qesem Cave were shaped from blanks originating in different production sequences and were most probably imported to the site as ready-made blanks or as shaped Scrapers. In some cases, Scrapers and blanks for shaping Scrapers were collected from the outside of the cave as is indicated by the patina affecting their surfaces, which was subsequently retouched. At the site, Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers were used and re-used (multiple uses on the same edge) and evidence of a long cycle of re-sharpening was recorded as well. The activities carried out with these tools were varied, mostly oriented towards cutting and scraping (both animal materials and plants). Nevertheless, use-wear analysis underlined some distinction between Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers: the Quina seem more suitable for working hard and medium-hard materials and the demi-Quina for working softer materials, especially through cutting activities. The different edge morphologies obtained by Quina and demi-Quina retouch are well suited for such functions.
Iris Guillemard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What is a Wilton scraper? Perspectives from the Late Holocene assemblage of Balerno Main Shelter, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Southern African Humanities, 2019Co-Authors: Iris Guillemard, Guillaume PorrazAbstract:Microlithic Wilton Scrapers are widespread stone tools of the southern African Holocene Later Stone Age. Though they have been studied and classified in various ways, there are still many uncertainties regarding their fabrication, function and hafting, which ultimately produce one question: are all these Scrapers the same tool? The scraper variability in one site, Balerno Main Shelter in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, is investigated through a morpho-functional analysis of the Late Holocene (end-)scraper assemblage. The results of our analysis led us to individualise three types of tool that vary primarily with regard to the characteristics of their passive units (the assumed prehensile part). This classification is accompanied by hypotheses about the hafting and functioning of these Scrapers, and carries implications for the categorisation of Wilton Scrapers throughout southern Africa.
Aviad Agam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interpreting the quina and demi quina Scrapers from acheulo yabrudian qesem cave israel results of raw materials and functional analyses
Journal of Human Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Andrea Zupancich, Aviad AgamAbstract:Abstract Quina Scrapers are well-known components of the European Middle Paleolithic Mousterian. A similar production process was detected within the lithic assemblages of the Levantine Acheulo-Yabrudian (∼400–200 ka). This study combines the results of use-wear and raw material analyses of 75 Quina Scrapers and 133 demi-Quina Scrapers from the Acheulo-Yabrudian site Qesem Cave, Israel, aimed at interpreting the function of Quina and demi-Quina at Qesem Cave, the considerations affecting the lithic choices involved in their production, and the behavioral and evolutionary implications. Each scraper was examined for use-wear and was assigned to a flint type and potential geologic source(s). Our results demonstrate a selective pattern of exploitation of flint which does not originate from the local Turonian outcrops, specifically for the manufacture of Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers. This suggests a thoughtful, well-planned effort, taking into consideration the flint traits and future function. This pattern repeats itself throughout time, reflecting a high degree of familiarity with the potential sources located around the cave, implying the existence of knowledge transmission mechanisms concerning the location of specific flint sources and their acquisition methods, as well as concerning exploitation preferences.
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a techno typological analysis of fan tabular Scrapers from ein zippori israel
Journal of Lithic Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Katia Zutovski, Aviad Agam, Richard W Yerkes, Lucy Wilson, Nimrod Getzov, Ianir Milevski, Avi GopherAbstract:Fan (or tabular) Scrapers are a diagnostic tool type in Chalcolithic Ghassulian and Early Bronze Age lithic assemblages from the southern Levant . To date, only small numbers of fan Scrapers have been reported from the Late Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah culture. In this paper we present a techno-typological analysis of a fair sample of fan Scrapers and fan Scrapers spalls from Wadi Rabah and Early Bronze Age layers at Ein Zippori, Lower Galilee, Israel. Techno-typological similarities and differences of Wadi Rabah, Chalcolithic Ghassulian and Early Bronze Age fan Scrapers from Ein Zippori and other sites in the region are presented, trends of change along time are noted, and an updated definition is proposed. Our results indicate that fan Scrapers are highly efficient tools for accurate and prolonged animal butchering and hide working. The main advantage of fan Scrapers is their mostly flat, thin morphology and large size that permits the creation of several relatively long working edges, various retouched angles (from sharp to abrupt), extensive resharpening, and a comfortable grasp. While fan Scrapers were products of a local trajectory in Late Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah lithic industries at Ein Zippori, a standardized, off-site manufacturing of fan Scrapers is evident during the Early Bronze Age.
Ran Barkai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the use of fan Scrapers microwear evidence from late pottery neolithic and early bronze age ein zippori israel
Journal of Lithic Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Richard W Yerkes, Avi Gopher, Ran Barkai, Katia ZutovskiAbstract:The results of a microwear analysis of samples of fan Scrapers and fan Scrapers spalls from late Pottery Neolithic (PN) and Early Bronze Age (EBA) occupation layers at Ein Zippori, Lower Galilee, Israel are presented. The goal of the microwear analysis was to determine the function of the fan Scrapers and compare the visible usewear on the Scrapers found in late PN and EBA lithic assemblages. The results indicate that during both periods most of the fan Scrapers were used to skin and butcher animals, while some were also used for hide processing and bone working. The working edges of the fan Scrapers had sharp, moderate, or steep edge-angles, and different edges were used for different tasks. Edges with microwear from scraping meat, bone, and hides (including some hides that may have been treated with abrasives) had steep edge-angles, while there were moderate or sharp edge-angles on the edges of fan Scrapers used for cutting. Two sub-types of fan Scrapers were identified, flat cortex fan Scrapers (FCFS), and cortical fan Scrapers (CFS) with convex dorsal faces. The CFS were abundant in PN contexts, while the FCFS were more common in EBA layers. However both of the sub-types had similar microwear traces.
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A scraper's life history: Morpho-techno-functional and use-wear analysis of Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers from Qesem Cave, Israel
Quaternary International, 2016Co-Authors: Cristina Lemorini, Avi Gopher, Andrea Zupancich, Laurent Bourguignon, Ran BarkaiAbstract:A sample of Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers from the Yabrudian levels at Qesem Cave has been studied through an integrated approach, combining techno-morpho-functional and use-wear analyses. The potential of this approach is shown using the data obtained and discussed in this paper. Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers at Qesem Cave were shaped from blanks originating in different production sequences and were most probably imported to the site as ready-made blanks or as shaped Scrapers. In some cases, Scrapers and blanks for shaping Scrapers were collected from the outside of the cave as is indicated by the patina affecting their surfaces, which was subsequently retouched. At the site, Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers were used and re-used (multiple uses on the same edge) and evidence of a long cycle of re-sharpening was recorded as well. The activities carried out with these tools were varied, mostly oriented towards cutting and scraping (both animal materials and plants). Nevertheless, use-wear analysis underlined some distinction between Quina and demi-Quina Scrapers: the Quina seem more suitable for working hard and medium-hard materials and the demi-Quina for working softer materials, especially through cutting activities. The different edge morphologies obtained by Quina and demi-Quina retouch are well suited for such functions.
