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Ian Kitai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sporotrichoid-like tuberculosis.
    The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2009
    Co-Authors: Wilson Shu Cheng Pau, Huda Alsaffar, Miriam Weinstein, Ian Kitai
    Abstract:

    Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) is a rare presentation of tuberculosis infection in childhood, especially in developed countries. The commonest forms of cutaneous TB, in declining order, are Scrofuloderma, lupus vulgaris, lichen scrofulosorum, and TB verrucosa cutis. We described 2 cases of sporotrichoid-like cutaneous tuberculosis infection, 1 localized to a limb and regional nodes and 1 associated with disseminated disease.

Y. Meiron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Scrofuloderma (tuberculosis colliquativa cutis)
    The British journal of dermatology, 1996
    Co-Authors: E. Tur, S. Brenner, Y. Meiron
    Abstract:

    A 16-year-old girl presented with long-standing purulent sinuses to the skin overlying the lacrimal ducts, which had evolved into ulcers and resulted in hypertrophic scarring. The ulcers were serpiginous, with an uneven soft floor, and undermined edges. Histological examination revealed non-caseating tuberculoid granulomas in the dermis. Cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were positive. Chest X-ray did not show pulmonary involvement. Antituberculous therapy with isoniazid 300 mg/day and rifampicin 600 mg/day achieved a great improvement within 5 weeks of being started. A further improvement was seen at 4 months and complete resolution had occurred by 9 months. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other documented cases of Scrofuloderma over the lacrimal system. The delay in the diagnosis emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high level of awareness.

V. Ramesh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cutaneous Tuberculosis in Children
    Pediatric Dermatology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Gomathy Sethuraman, V. Ramesh
    Abstract:

    :  Cutaneous tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that accounts for 1% to 2% of cases. Childhood skin tuberculosis represents 18% to 82% of all cutaneous tuberculosis cases. Scrofuloderma and lupus vulgaris are the two most common clinical forms in children. An increase in the number of tuberculids, especially lichen scrofulosorum, has been observed in the last several years. Cutaneous tuberculosis in children can be severe and have a protracted course. Multiplicity of lesions and multifocal disseminated involvement in Scrofuloderma and lupus vulgaris is common. Scrofuloderma progressing to gummatous lesions (scrofulous gumma) is mostly described in children. Morbidities and deformities are more severe in children.

  • Sporotrichoid cutaneous tuberculosis.
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 2007
    Co-Authors: V. Ramesh
    Abstract:

    Three patients with sporotrichoid cutaneous tuberculosis have been described. Two were children of either sex with lesions of lupus vulgaris along the lower limb and one woman had Scrofuloderma along the left arm. Culture for Mycobacteria being negative, the diagnosis was based on the clinical picture, positive tuberculin test, granulomatous dermatitis on histopathology and regression with anti-tubercular DOTS therapy. Sporotrichoid presentation of Scrofuloderma appeared to simulate sporotrichosis more than sporotrichoid lupus vulgaris. As seen from other reports and the present one, children and those just past adolescence have often been affected. Since sporotrichoid pattern is known to be usually associated with the less pathogenic atypical or non-tuberculous mycobacteria, it is speculated that the good lymphatic drainage and proneness to trauma that go with the high physical activity in these age groups may rarely result in this clinical presentation of cutaneous tuberculosis.

  • A study of cutaneous tuberculosis in children
    Pediatric Dermatology, 1999
    Co-Authors: V. Ramesh, R.s. Misra, Beena Kr, A. Mukherjee
    Abstract:

    : Sixty-three children out of a total of 199 patients seen with cutaneous tuberculosis during a 7-year period were included in this study. Culture was positive in only four, and the diagnosis was based on clinical examination, tuberculin reaction, histopathology, and response to antitubercular therapy. Forty had lupus vulgaris (LV) and 23 Scrofuloderma (SD). The lower half of the body was predominantly affected in those with LV, and keratotic and hypertrophic forms were frequently encountered. LV planus mainly affected the face. Ulcerative and atrophic types of LV were infrequent. Extensive lesions in three children led to disfiguring scars and contractures. Scrofuloderma often involved the cervical group of lymph nodes followed by the inguinal, submandibular, and axillary groups. As compared to skin tuberculosis in adults, regional lymph node involvement in LV was more common, and a combination of both LV and SD was less frequent in children. No difference in clinical presentation could be detected between the BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Tuberculous infection either in the lungs or the bones was present in eight children. An HIV test done in five patients with widespread lesions was negative. Irregular therapy or late diagnosis leading to serious complications, inadequate parental or community support, and lack of awareness among practitioners are the problems to be remedied.

  • Comparative efficacy of drug regimens in skin tuberculosis
    Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 1991
    Co-Authors: V. Ramesh, R.s. Misra, Uma Saxena, A. Mukherjee
    Abstract:

    Summary Three antituberculous drug regimens have been employed to study the therapeutic response in 90 patients with any one of the commonly encountered paucibacillary forms of skin tuberculosis, namely lupus vulgaris, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis and Scrofuloderma. The first two regimens contained rifampicin, isoniazid and either pyrazinamide or thiacetazone, and the third regimen had rifampicin and isoniazid only. The disease was clinically defined as localized when confined to one area and widespread when the lesions were disseminated. The observations revealed that the response of lupus vulgaris and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis was alike in all the three regimens, with the localized lesions subsiding completely after 4 months of therapy and the more extensive forms taking 5 months. Patients with Scrofuloderma responded similarly to both the triple drug regimens. The discharge, sinuses and ulcers cleared in 6 months but the lymph nodes took longer to regress, up to 7 months in localized and 9 months in more widespread Scrofuloderma. To obtain the same results with rifampicin and isoniazid, all patients with widespread Scrofuloderma and one-third of those with localized forms had to be treated for 10 and 9 months, respectively. No serious drug side-effects, apart from giddiness with rifampicin and acneiform eruptions with thiacetazone, were encountered. No instances of relapse were noted in the 50% of patients who were followed-up for 31/2 years after therapy. Single-drug therapy with isoniazid for lupus vulgaris, as given in the past, is to be discouraged as it may promote the emergence of drug-resistant bacilli in those with an undetected focus of infection. An additional object of defining effective mutliple drug regimens is to improve patient compliance by reducing the duration of therapy and to avoid confusion by adhering uniformly to the recommended regimen in places where tuberculosis is prevalent.

  • Comparative efficacy of drug regimens in skin tuberculosis
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 1991
    Co-Authors: V. Ramesh, R.s. Misra, Uma Saxena, A. Mukherjee
    Abstract:

    Three antituberculous drug regimens have been employed to study the therapeutic response in 90 patients with any one of the commonly encountered paucibacillary forms of skin tuberculosis, namely lupus vulgaris, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis and Scrofuloderma. The first two regimens contained rifampicin, isoniazid and either pyrazinamide or thiacetazone, and the third regimen had rifampicin and isoniazid only. The disease was clinically defined as localized when confined to one area and widespread when the lesions were disseminated. The observations revealed that the response of lupus vulgaris and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis was alike in all the three regimens, with the localized lesions subsiding completely after 4 months of therapy and the more extensive forms taking 5 months. Patients with Scrofuloderma responded similarly to both the triple drug regimens. The discharge, sinuses and ulcers cleared in 6 months but the lymph nodes took longer to regress, up to 7 months in localized and 9 months in more widespread Scrofuloderma. To obtain the same results with rifampicin and isoniazid, all patients with widespread Scrofuloderma and one-third of those with localized forms had to be treated for 10 and 9 months, respectively. No serious drug side-effects, apart from giddiness with rifampicin and acneiform eruptions with thiacetazone, were encountered. No instances of relapse were noted in the 50% of patients who were followed-up for 3 1/2 years after therapy. Single-drug therapy with isoniazid for lupus vulgaris, as given in the past, is to be discouraged as it may promote the emergence of drug-resistant bacilli in those with an undetected focus of infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

L.p. Ormerod - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cutaneous tuberculosis in Blackburn district (U.K.): a 15‐year prospective series, 1981–95
    The British journal of dermatology, 1997
    Co-Authors: V.m. Yates, L.p. Ormerod
    Abstract:

    Summary Data collected prospectively on all 1065 cases of tuberculosis occurring in the Blackburn district, U.K. (population 265.000), over a 15-year period have been analysed, and from these 47 cases of cutaneous tuberculosis have been identified. The most common form was Scrofuloderma, skin involvement with adjacent structural disease, of which there were 2b cases (55. 3%). There was no ethnic bias in this group. The eight white patients with Scrofuloderma were of average age 66 years, and are thought to represent reactivation disease.Six palients (12.8%) had lupus vulgaris, four (8.5%) had metastatic tuberculosis and 10 (21.3%) were diagnosed as having one of the tuberculides, of which Bazin's disease (erythema induratum) was the most common. In addition, one patient (2.2%) had orificial tuberculosis. In contrast to Scrofuloderma. all other forms of cutaneous tuberculosis occurred almost exclusively in patients from the Indian Subcontinent (ISC).The high incidence of tuberculosis in Blackburn is mainly linked to its significant proportion of residents of ISC ethnic origin. There were no cases of HIV infection coexisting with either cutaneous or other forms of tuberculosis. Recommendations for the treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis are made.

Sarolta Kárpáti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.