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Cesare Saccani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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theoretical model and preliminary design of an innovative wet Scrubber for the separation of fine particulate matter produced by biomass combustion in small size boilers
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018Co-Authors: Augusto Bianchini, Marco Pellegrini, Jessica Rossi, Cesare SaccaniAbstract:Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM) emission from biomass boilers for non-industrial heating represents one of the most important causes (together with the transport sector) of air pollution, in particular during winter. Separation technologies for fine PM are already well-known and adopted on an industrial scale, as a consequence of strict limits set by national and international regulations. On domestic boilers, the same technologies utilized on an industrial scale are not feasible due to high investment costs. Moreover, the emission limits for small size biomass boilers are higher than for industrial boilers, so high efficiency separation technologies are not needed, and are sometimes not present at all. The main goal of the paper is the development and testing of a mathematical model that is able to foresee the PM removal efficiency of a wet Scrubber device. After an experimental validation based on several tests, it was possible to approach the preliminary design of an innovative wet Scrubber, which is described in the paper. The main characteristics are (i) removal efficiency over 99.9%, (ii) specific energy consumption under 36 kJ m −3 , which is an industrial reference, and (iii) relatively low investment, operation and maintenance costs.
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performance analysis of different Scrubber systems for removal of particulate emissions from a small size biomass boiler
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2016Co-Authors: Augusto Bianchini, Francesco Cento, Luca Golfera, Marco Pellegrini, Cesare SaccaniAbstract:Abstract Biomass boiler plants of small thermal power (under 35 kW thermal), in particular for domestic heating, have greatly contributed to the rise in particulate emissions. Several technologies, like fabric filters or electrostatic precipitators, can achieve high particulate removal efficiency, over 99%. However, the application of these technologies is limited by excessive prices and operational problems, since the high cost does not allow their use in small size plants. The paper shows a comparative performance analysis of different Scrubber systems which have been designed, realized and tested with flue gas produced by biomass combustion in a 25 kW thermal boiler. The experimental campaigns were realized in the laboratory of the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Bologna. Experimental results demonstrate the achievements of particulate removal efficiency which is comparable with the efficiency of industrial technologies. Moreover, a preliminary energy balance was carried out to assess the energy cost of the different Scrubber systems tested.
Andika Saputra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DESAIN DAN ANALISIS TEGANGAN BEJANA TEKAN VERTIKAL AMMONIA Scrubber MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA
Fakultas Teknik, 2019Co-Authors: Andika SaputraAbstract:AbstrakPabrik Urea-1 yang ada di PT. Pupuk Iskandar Muda telah berusia puluhan tahun. Selama ini, peralatan yang ada di pabrik tersebut telah mengalami perbaikan bahkan penggantian. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu, kondisi peralatan yang ada semakin menurun kinerjanya. Salah satu kasus yang belakangan ini terjadi adalah popping gas ammonia dari Low Pressure System, dimana kejadian ini termasuk permasalahan serius terkait penanganan limbah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif khusus yaitu dengan cara pemasangan Ammonia Scrubber agar masalah tersebut dapat teratasi. Ammonia Scrubber merupakan jenis bejana tekan vertikal yang digunakan untuk memisahkan polutan dalam gas amonia. Ammonia Scrubber harus didesain dengan teliti, karena amonia merupakan gas berbahaya. Selain itu tegangan yang terjadi pada dinding ammonia Scrubber juga harus mendapat perhatian serius karena tegangan menjadi dasar dalam penentuan dimensi dan jenis material serta perlakuan pada bejana tekan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain dan menganalisis tegangan maksimum yang terjadi pada bejana tekan ammonia Scrubber menggunakan metode elemen hingga dengan tekanan desain sebesar 0,5 MPa. Berdasarkan proses yang terjadi, jenis head dan shell yang sesuai adalah torispherical head dan cylindrical shell. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh ketebalan dinding bejana tekan sebesar 3,3 mm dengan kapasitas 1,21 m3, hasil perhitungan kekuatan sambungan nosel tidak perlu menggunakan reinforcement pad dan support yang sesuai adalah tipe leg support dengan jumlah 4 leg. Hasil perhitungan tegangan longitudinal sebesar 50,15 MPa dan tegangan circumferential sebesar -162,30 MPa. Hasil perhitungan tegangan ekivalen sebagai representasi analisis kegagalan sebesar 192 MPa, tegangan tersebut masih dalam kondisi aman karena tidak melebihi nilai yield strength yaitu sebesar 205 MPa. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan tegangan maksimum terjadi pada daerah sambungan antara inspection opening dengan shell sebesar 333,4 MPa. Displacement maksimum terjadi pada shell yang berdekatan dengan inspection opening sebesar 3,268 mm. Berdasarkan standar ASTM pada bahan SA 240/A240M Gr 304, kekuatan maksimum tegangan bahan adalah 515 MPa. Dengan demikian, tegangan yang terjadi masih dalam batas yang diizinkan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi bejana tekan dalam keadaan aman untuk digunakan.Kata kunci: Ammonia Scrubber, Bejana tekan vertikal, Analisis tegangan, Metode Elemen HinggaBanda Ace
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ANALISIS TEGANGAN BEJANA TEKAN VERTIKAL AMMONIA Scrubber (STUDI KASUS DI UNIT UREA-1 PT.PUPUK ISKANDAR MUDA)
Fakultas Teknik, 2019Co-Authors: Andika SaputraAbstract:Ammonia Scrubber merupakan jenis bejana tekan vertikal yang digunakan untuk menghilangkan polutan dalam gas amonia. Tegangan pada dinding bejana tekan harus mendapat perhatian serius karena tegangan menjadi dasar dalam penentuan dimensi dan jenis material. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tegangan maksimum pada bejana tekan ammonia Scrubber berdasarkan tekanan desain 0,5 MPa dengan kapasitas 1,21 m3. Analisis menggunakan metode elemen hingga. Hasil perhitungan tegangan membujur sebesar 50 MPa dan tegangan melingkar -162 MPa. Hasil perhitungan tegangan ekivalen sebagai representasi analisis kegagalan sebesar 192 MPa, tegangan tersebut masih dalam kondisi aman karena tidak melebihi nilai yield strength yaitu sebesar 205 MPa. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan tegangan maksimum terjadi pada daerah sambungan antara inspection opening dengan shell sebesar 333,4 MPa. Displacement maksimum terjadi pada shell yang berdekatan dengan inspection opening sebesar 3,268 mm. Berdasarkan standar ASTM pada bahan SA 240/A240M Gr 304, kekuatan maksimum tegangan bahan adalah 515 MPa. Dengan demikian, tegangan yang terjadi masih dalam batas yang diizinkan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi bejana tekan dalam keadaan aman untuk digunakan.Banda Ace
Augusto Bianchini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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theoretical model and preliminary design of an innovative wet Scrubber for the separation of fine particulate matter produced by biomass combustion in small size boilers
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018Co-Authors: Augusto Bianchini, Marco Pellegrini, Jessica Rossi, Cesare SaccaniAbstract:Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM) emission from biomass boilers for non-industrial heating represents one of the most important causes (together with the transport sector) of air pollution, in particular during winter. Separation technologies for fine PM are already well-known and adopted on an industrial scale, as a consequence of strict limits set by national and international regulations. On domestic boilers, the same technologies utilized on an industrial scale are not feasible due to high investment costs. Moreover, the emission limits for small size biomass boilers are higher than for industrial boilers, so high efficiency separation technologies are not needed, and are sometimes not present at all. The main goal of the paper is the development and testing of a mathematical model that is able to foresee the PM removal efficiency of a wet Scrubber device. After an experimental validation based on several tests, it was possible to approach the preliminary design of an innovative wet Scrubber, which is described in the paper. The main characteristics are (i) removal efficiency over 99.9%, (ii) specific energy consumption under 36 kJ m −3 , which is an industrial reference, and (iii) relatively low investment, operation and maintenance costs.
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performance analysis of different Scrubber systems for removal of particulate emissions from a small size biomass boiler
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2016Co-Authors: Augusto Bianchini, Francesco Cento, Luca Golfera, Marco Pellegrini, Cesare SaccaniAbstract:Abstract Biomass boiler plants of small thermal power (under 35 kW thermal), in particular for domestic heating, have greatly contributed to the rise in particulate emissions. Several technologies, like fabric filters or electrostatic precipitators, can achieve high particulate removal efficiency, over 99%. However, the application of these technologies is limited by excessive prices and operational problems, since the high cost does not allow their use in small size plants. The paper shows a comparative performance analysis of different Scrubber systems which have been designed, realized and tested with flue gas produced by biomass combustion in a 25 kW thermal boiler. The experimental campaigns were realized in the laboratory of the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Bologna. Experimental results demonstrate the achievements of particulate removal efficiency which is comparable with the efficiency of industrial technologies. Moreover, a preliminary energy balance was carried out to assess the energy cost of the different Scrubber systems tested.
Dibaka Hattacharyya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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engineered iron iron oxide functionalized membranes for selenium and other toxic metal removal from power plant Scrubber water
Journal of Membrane Science, 2015Co-Authors: Minghui Gui, Joseph K Papp, Andrew S Colbu, Noah Meeks, Enjami Weave, Ila Wilf, Dibaka HattacharyyaAbstract:The remediation of toxic metals from water with high concentrations of salt has been an emerging area for membrane separation. Cost-effective nanomaterials such as iron and iron oxide nanoparticles have been widely used in reductive and oxidative degradation of toxic organics. Similar procedures can be used for redox transformations of metal species (e.g. metal oxyanions to elemental metal), and/or adsorption of species on iron oxide surface. In this study, iron-functionalized membranes were developed for reduction and adsorption of selenium from coal-fired power plant Scrubber water. Iron-functionalized membranes have advantages over iron suspension as the membrane prevents particle aggregation and dissolution. Both lab-scale and full-scale membranes were prepared first by coating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with polyacrylic acid (PAA), followed by ion exchange of ferrous ions and subsequent reduction to zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Water permeability of membrane decreased as the percent PAA functionalization increased, and the highest ion exchange capacity (IEC) was obtained at 20% PAA with highly pH responsive pores. Although high concentrations of sulfate and chloride in Scrubber water decreased the reaction rate of selenium reduction, this was shown to be overcome by integration of nanofiltration (NF) and iron-functionalized membranes, and selenium concentration below 10 μg/L was achieved.
J R Coury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pressure drop and liquid distribution in a venturi Scrubber experimental data and cfd simulation
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012Co-Authors: Vadila Giovana Guerra, J A S Goncalves, Rodrigo Ettega, J R CouryAbstract:Venturi Scrubbers are widely used to control industrial emissions, because of their high efficiency in the removal of particles from gases. To correctly size and design these equipments, detailed information on the fluid dynamics is very important. The purpose of this article is to study, both experimentally and through CFD simulations, the fluid dynamics of the gas and liquid phases in the core of the throat of a rectangular Venturi Scrubber under different experimental conditions. The variables studied were the pressure and the volumetric fraction of each phase. The standard κ–e turbulence model and the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model, as implemented in the ANSYS Fluent 12.0 software, were employed. Liquid distribution inside the throat of the Venturi was studied experimentally, using optical imaging techniques. The results indicate that the model and numerical procedures were able to describe both the pressure drop profile and the liquid jet formation and trajectory successfully. The results sug...
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experimental investigation on the effect of liquid injection by multiple orifices in the formation of droplets in a venturi Scrubber
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Vadila Giovana Guerra, J A S Goncalves, J R CouryAbstract:Venturi Scrubbers are widely utilized in gas cleaning. The cleansing elements in these Scrubbers are droplets formed from the atomization of a liquid into a dust-laden gas. In industrial Scrubbers, this liquid is injected through several orifices so that the cloud of droplets can be evenly distributed throughout the duct. The interaction between droplets when injected through many orifices, where opposite clouds of atomized liquid can reach each other, is to be expected. This work presents experimental measurements of droplet size measured in situ and the evidence of cloud interaction within a Venturi Scrubber operating with multi-orifice jet injection. The influence of gas velocity, liquid flow rate and droplet size variation in the axial position after the point of the injection of the liquid were also evaluated for the different injection configurations. The experimental results showed that an increase in the liquid flow rate generated greater interaction between jets. The number of orifices had a significant influence on droplet size. In general, the increase in the velocity of the liquid jet and in the gas velocity favored the atomization process by reducing the size of the droplets.
