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Filippo Giorgi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an atmosphere ocean regional climate model for the mediterranean area assessment of a present climate simulation
Climate Dynamics, 2010Co-Authors: Vincenzo Artale, Sandro Calmanti, Marine Herrmann, Paolo M. Ruti, Giovanna Pisacane, Gianmaria Sannino, A. Carillo, Maria Vittoria Struglia, Alessandro Dellaquila, Filippo GiorgiAbstract:We present an atmosphere–ocean regional climate model for the Mediterranean basin, called the PROTHEUS system, composed by the regional climate model RegCM3 as the atmospheric component and by a regional configuration of the MITgcm model as the oceanic component. The model is applied to an area encompassing the Mediterranean Sea and compared to a stand-alone version of its atmospheric component. An assessment of the model performances is done by using available observational datasets. Despite a persistent bias, the PROTHEUS system is able to capture the inter-annual variability of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) and also the fine scale spatio-temporal evolution of observed SST anomalies, with spatial correlation as high as 0.7 during summer. The close inspection of a 10-day strong wind event during the summer of 2000 proves the capability of the PROTHEUS system to correctly describe the daily evolution of SST under strong air–sea interaction conditions. As a consequence of the model’s skill in reproducing observed SST and wind fields, we expect a reliable estimation of air–sea fluxes. The model skill in reproducing climatological land surface fields is in line with that of state of the art regional climate models.
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an atmosphere ocean regional climate model for the mediterranean area assessment of a present climate simulation
Climate Dynamics, 2010Co-Authors: Vincenzo Artale, Sandro Calmanti, Marine Herrmann, Paolo M. Ruti, Giovanna Pisacane, Gianmaria Sannino, A. Carillo, Maria Vittoria Struglia, Alessandro Dellaquila, Filippo GiorgiAbstract:We present an atmosphere-ocean regional climate model for the Mediterranean basin, called the PROTHEUS system, composed by the regional climate model RegCM3 as the atmospheric component and by a regional configuration of the MITgcm model as the oceanic component. The model is applied to an area encompassing the Mediterranean Sea and compared to a stand-alone version of its atmospheric component. An assessment of the model performances is done by using available observational datasets. Despite a persistent bias, the PROTHEUS system is able to capture the inter-annual variability of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) and also the fine scale spatio-temporal evolution of observed SST anomalies, with spatial correlation as high as 0.7 during summer. The close inspection of a 10-day strong wind event during the summer of 2000 proves the capability of the PROTHEUS system to correctly describe the daily evolution of SST under strong air-sea interaction conditions. As a consequence of the model's skill in reproducing observed SST and wind fields, we expect a reliable estimation of air-sea fluxes. The model skill in reproducing climatological land surface fields is in line with that of state of the art regional climate models.
Kazunori Fujii - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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induction of apoptosis in testis of the marine teleost mummichog fundulus heteroclitus after in vivo exposure to the antifouling biocide 4 5 dichloro 2 n octyl 3 2h isothiazolone sea nine 211
Chemosphere, 2013Co-Authors: Kazuhiko Mochida, Toshimitsu Onduka, Kazunori FujiiAbstract:4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (Sea-Nine 211) has been widely used as an effective antifouling biocide. However, little is known about its reproductive toxicity in fish. Here we investigated testicular toxicity in a marine teleost, the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, after exposure to Sea-Nine 211 for 28 d. Although Sea-Nine 211 exposure did not affect germ cell proliferation in testis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick-end labeling revealed that the number of apoptotic spermatocytes was increased in the 1.0- and 3.0-μg L−1 groups, and significant differences emerged between the 1.0-μg L−1 group and control groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that the numbers of cysts expressing caspases 2, 3, 6, and 8 (apoptosis-associated proteins) were significantly increased in the 1.0-μg L−1 group, whereas the signal intensity of an anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the number of cysts positive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase was twofold higher in the 1.0-μg L−1 group than in the control groups. These results suggest that long-term exposure to Sea-Nine 211 induces apoptosis in the testicular germ cells of mummichogs via a caspase-dependent pathway and that oxidative stress via nitric oxide synthesized by neuronal nitric oxide synthase is involved in this induction.
Vincenzo Artale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an atmosphere ocean regional climate model for the mediterranean area assessment of a present climate simulation
Climate Dynamics, 2010Co-Authors: Vincenzo Artale, Sandro Calmanti, Marine Herrmann, Paolo M. Ruti, Giovanna Pisacane, Gianmaria Sannino, A. Carillo, Maria Vittoria Struglia, Alessandro Dellaquila, Filippo GiorgiAbstract:We present an atmosphere–ocean regional climate model for the Mediterranean basin, called the PROTHEUS system, composed by the regional climate model RegCM3 as the atmospheric component and by a regional configuration of the MITgcm model as the oceanic component. The model is applied to an area encompassing the Mediterranean Sea and compared to a stand-alone version of its atmospheric component. An assessment of the model performances is done by using available observational datasets. Despite a persistent bias, the PROTHEUS system is able to capture the inter-annual variability of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) and also the fine scale spatio-temporal evolution of observed SST anomalies, with spatial correlation as high as 0.7 during summer. The close inspection of a 10-day strong wind event during the summer of 2000 proves the capability of the PROTHEUS system to correctly describe the daily evolution of SST under strong air–sea interaction conditions. As a consequence of the model’s skill in reproducing observed SST and wind fields, we expect a reliable estimation of air–sea fluxes. The model skill in reproducing climatological land surface fields is in line with that of state of the art regional climate models.
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an atmosphere ocean regional climate model for the mediterranean area assessment of a present climate simulation
Climate Dynamics, 2010Co-Authors: Vincenzo Artale, Sandro Calmanti, Marine Herrmann, Paolo M. Ruti, Giovanna Pisacane, Gianmaria Sannino, A. Carillo, Maria Vittoria Struglia, Alessandro Dellaquila, Filippo GiorgiAbstract:We present an atmosphere-ocean regional climate model for the Mediterranean basin, called the PROTHEUS system, composed by the regional climate model RegCM3 as the atmospheric component and by a regional configuration of the MITgcm model as the oceanic component. The model is applied to an area encompassing the Mediterranean Sea and compared to a stand-alone version of its atmospheric component. An assessment of the model performances is done by using available observational datasets. Despite a persistent bias, the PROTHEUS system is able to capture the inter-annual variability of seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) and also the fine scale spatio-temporal evolution of observed SST anomalies, with spatial correlation as high as 0.7 during summer. The close inspection of a 10-day strong wind event during the summer of 2000 proves the capability of the PROTHEUS system to correctly describe the daily evolution of SST under strong air-sea interaction conditions. As a consequence of the model's skill in reproducing observed SST and wind fields, we expect a reliable estimation of air-sea fluxes. The model skill in reproducing climatological land surface fields is in line with that of state of the art regional climate models.
Mitsuo Uematsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aerosol size distribution during sea fog and its scavenge process of chemical substances over the northwestern north pacific
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003Co-Authors: Motoki Sasakawa, Atsushi Ooki, Mitsuo UematsuAbstract:[1] We investigated the chemical characteristics of sea fog and its generation mechanism over the northwestern North Pacific from 28 June to 10 July 2001. Continuous aerosol number measurements revealed that sea fog scavenged coarse particles (d > 0.50 μm) more efficiently than fine particles (d < 0.50 μm). Although there was no relationship between Na+ concentration and sea fog age, anthropogenic ions concentrations (NO3−, nss-SO42−, and NH4+) decreased with an increase in sea fog age. Compared with nss-SO42− and NH4+, NO3− was selectively removed by sea fog. Coarse particles (sea-salt and NaNO3) act as condensation nuclei (CN) of sea fog droplets more preferentially than fine particles (H2SO4, (NH4)HSO4 and (NH4)2SO4) because of the effect of curvature. This is in harmony with the result of aerosol number measurement.
Anthony S. Clare - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sea nine 211 4 5 dichloro 2 n octyl 3 2h isothiazolone is a potent stimulator of eicosanoid biosynthesis in the sea squirt ciona intestinalis l
Biofouling, 1999Co-Authors: John Knight, Andrew F. Rowley, Anthony S. ClareAbstract:The isothiazolone, Sea‐Nine 211™, is a broad‐spectrum antifoulant whose mechanism of action is poorly understood. In the light of recent reports that eicosa‐noids may modulate invertebrate larval settlement, the present study examined the effect of Sea‐Nine 211 on eicosanoid biosynthesis in the sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis. Using RP‐HPLC and examination of peak absorption spectra, the tunic of this species was shown to produce a range of lipoxygenase products, including 8‐HEPE, 12‐HEPE, 8,15‐diHEPE and 8,15‐diHETE. Sea‐Nine 211™ was similar in potency to the calcium ionophore, A 23187, in inducing biosynthesis of these eicosanoids, being maximally effective at 5–10 μM. While the effect of Sea‐Nine 211 on C. intestinalis settlement has yet to be examined, it is suggested that this antifoulant may exert its action, at least in part, by modulating eicosanoid biosynthesis.