The Experts below are selected from a list of 29118 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew S Lang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic diversity of borrelia garinii from ixodes uriae collected in Seabird colonies of the northwestern atlantic ocean
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Hannah J Munro, Nicholas H Ogden, Samir Mechai, Robbin L Lindsay, Hugh Whitney, Gregory J Robertson, Andrew S LangAbstract:Abstract The occurrence of Borrelia garinii in Seabird ticks, Ixodes uriae, associated with different species of colonial Seabirds has been studied since the early 1990s. Research on the population structure of this bacterium in ticks from Seabird colonies in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean has revealed admixture between marine and terrestrial tick populations. We studied B. garinii genetic diversity and population structure in I. uriae collected from Seabird colonies in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We applied a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to B. garinii found in ticks from four species of Seabirds. The B. garinii strains found in this Seabird colony ecosystem were diverse. Some were very similar to strains from Asia and Europe, including some obtained from human clinical samples, while others formed a divergent group specific to this region of the Atlantic Ocean. Our findings highlight the genetic complexity of B. garinii circulating in Seabird ticks and their avian hosts but also demonstrate surprisingly close connections between B. garinii in this ecosystem and terrestrial sources in Eurasia. Genetic similarities among B. garinii from Seabird ticks and humans indicate the possibility that B. garinii circulating within Seabird tick-avian host transmission cycles could directly, or indirectly via connectivity with terrestrial transmission cycles, have consequences for human health.
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population structure of borrelia garinii from ixodes uriae collected in Seabird colonies of the northwestern atlantic ocean
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Hannah J Munro, Nicholas H Ogden, Samir Mechai, Robbin L Lindsay, Hugh Whitney, Gregory J Robertson, Andrew S LangAbstract:The occurrence of Borrelia garinii in Seabird ticks, Ixodes uriae, associated with different species of colonial Seabirds has been studied since the early 1990s. Research on the population structure of this bacterium in ticks from Seabird colonies in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean has revealed admixture between marine and terrestrial tick populations. We studied B. garinii population structure in I. uriae collected from Seabird colonies in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We applied a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to B. garinii found in ticks from four species of Seabirds. The B. garinii strains found in this Seabird colony ecosystem were diverse. Some were very similar to strains from Asia and Europe, including some obtained from human clinical samples, while others formed a divergent group specific to this region of the Atlantic Ocean.
Samir Mechai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic diversity of borrelia garinii from ixodes uriae collected in Seabird colonies of the northwestern atlantic ocean
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Hannah J Munro, Nicholas H Ogden, Samir Mechai, Robbin L Lindsay, Hugh Whitney, Gregory J Robertson, Andrew S LangAbstract:Abstract The occurrence of Borrelia garinii in Seabird ticks, Ixodes uriae, associated with different species of colonial Seabirds has been studied since the early 1990s. Research on the population structure of this bacterium in ticks from Seabird colonies in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean has revealed admixture between marine and terrestrial tick populations. We studied B. garinii genetic diversity and population structure in I. uriae collected from Seabird colonies in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We applied a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to B. garinii found in ticks from four species of Seabirds. The B. garinii strains found in this Seabird colony ecosystem were diverse. Some were very similar to strains from Asia and Europe, including some obtained from human clinical samples, while others formed a divergent group specific to this region of the Atlantic Ocean. Our findings highlight the genetic complexity of B. garinii circulating in Seabird ticks and their avian hosts but also demonstrate surprisingly close connections between B. garinii in this ecosystem and terrestrial sources in Eurasia. Genetic similarities among B. garinii from Seabird ticks and humans indicate the possibility that B. garinii circulating within Seabird tick-avian host transmission cycles could directly, or indirectly via connectivity with terrestrial transmission cycles, have consequences for human health.
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population structure of borrelia garinii from ixodes uriae collected in Seabird colonies of the northwestern atlantic ocean
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Hannah J Munro, Nicholas H Ogden, Samir Mechai, Robbin L Lindsay, Hugh Whitney, Gregory J Robertson, Andrew S LangAbstract:The occurrence of Borrelia garinii in Seabird ticks, Ixodes uriae, associated with different species of colonial Seabirds has been studied since the early 1990s. Research on the population structure of this bacterium in ticks from Seabird colonies in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean has revealed admixture between marine and terrestrial tick populations. We studied B. garinii population structure in I. uriae collected from Seabird colonies in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We applied a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to B. garinii found in ticks from four species of Seabirds. The B. garinii strains found in this Seabird colony ecosystem were diverse. Some were very similar to strains from Asia and Europe, including some obtained from human clinical samples, while others formed a divergent group specific to this region of the Atlantic Ocean.
Nicholas H Ogden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic diversity of borrelia garinii from ixodes uriae collected in Seabird colonies of the northwestern atlantic ocean
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Hannah J Munro, Nicholas H Ogden, Samir Mechai, Robbin L Lindsay, Hugh Whitney, Gregory J Robertson, Andrew S LangAbstract:Abstract The occurrence of Borrelia garinii in Seabird ticks, Ixodes uriae, associated with different species of colonial Seabirds has been studied since the early 1990s. Research on the population structure of this bacterium in ticks from Seabird colonies in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean has revealed admixture between marine and terrestrial tick populations. We studied B. garinii genetic diversity and population structure in I. uriae collected from Seabird colonies in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We applied a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to B. garinii found in ticks from four species of Seabirds. The B. garinii strains found in this Seabird colony ecosystem were diverse. Some were very similar to strains from Asia and Europe, including some obtained from human clinical samples, while others formed a divergent group specific to this region of the Atlantic Ocean. Our findings highlight the genetic complexity of B. garinii circulating in Seabird ticks and their avian hosts but also demonstrate surprisingly close connections between B. garinii in this ecosystem and terrestrial sources in Eurasia. Genetic similarities among B. garinii from Seabird ticks and humans indicate the possibility that B. garinii circulating within Seabird tick-avian host transmission cycles could directly, or indirectly via connectivity with terrestrial transmission cycles, have consequences for human health.
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population structure of borrelia garinii from ixodes uriae collected in Seabird colonies of the northwestern atlantic ocean
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Hannah J Munro, Nicholas H Ogden, Samir Mechai, Robbin L Lindsay, Hugh Whitney, Gregory J Robertson, Andrew S LangAbstract:The occurrence of Borrelia garinii in Seabird ticks, Ixodes uriae, associated with different species of colonial Seabirds has been studied since the early 1990s. Research on the population structure of this bacterium in ticks from Seabird colonies in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean has revealed admixture between marine and terrestrial tick populations. We studied B. garinii population structure in I. uriae collected from Seabird colonies in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We applied a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to B. garinii found in ticks from four species of Seabirds. The B. garinii strains found in this Seabird colony ecosystem were diverse. Some were very similar to strains from Asia and Europe, including some obtained from human clinical samples, while others formed a divergent group specific to this region of the Atlantic Ocean.
David Grémillet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A toolkit to study Seabird–fishery interactions
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2018Co-Authors: Tangi Le Bot, Amélie Lescroël, David GrémilletAbstract:Abstract Seabirds and fisheries have been interacting from ancient times, sometimes with mutual benefits: Seabirds provided fishermen with visual cues of fish aggregations, and also fed upon food subsids generated by fishing activities. Yet fisheries and Seabirds may also compete for the same resources, and their interactions can lead to additional Seabird mortality through accidental bycatch and diminishing fishing efficiency, threatening vulnerable Seabird populations. Understanding these complex relationships is essential for conservation strategies, also because it could enhance and ease discussion between stakeholders, towards a common vision for marine ecosystem management. As an aid in this process, we reviewed 510 scientific publications dedicated to Seabirds–fisheries interactions, and compiled a methodological toolkit. Methods employed therein serve four main purposes: (i) Implementing distribution overlap analyses, to highlight areas of encounter between Seabirds and fisheries (ii) Analysing movement and behavioural patterns using finer-scale information, to characterize interaction types (iii) Investigating individual-scale feeding ecology, to assess fisheries impacts at the scale of bird populations, and (iv) Quantifying the impacts of Seabird–fishery interactions on Seabird demography and population trends. This latter step allows determining thresholds and tipping points with respect to ecological sustainability. Overall, we stress that forthcoming studies should integrate those multiple approaches, in order to identify and promote best practices towards ecosystem-based fisheries management and ecologically sound marine spatial planning.
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shifts in phenotypic plasticity constrain the value of Seabirds as ecological indicators of marine ecosystems
Ecological Applications, 2010Co-Authors: David Grémillet, Anne CharmantierAbstract:Marine ecosystems are critically challenged by human activities, urgently calling for better management practices. It has been proposed that conspicuous top predators such as Seabirds may be used as ecological indicators. This approach requires intimate knowledge of relationships connecting Seabird parameters to other ecosystem components (i.e., population plasticity, underlined by individual reaction norms), information which remains scarce. Furthermore, if Seabirds are to be used as long-term indicators, the strength of the average plastic response in a studied population has to be sustained through time and space. This second aspect has so far been startlingly neglected, although previous studies underline shifts in the plasticity of Seabird traits and detail the tools allowing an evolutionary and ecological study of plasticity in bird populations. Building upon these advances, we argue that gradual or sudden spatiotemporal changes in Seabird phenotypic plasticity should not be neglected when designing monitoring schemes. We conclude that Seabirds are best used as qualitative sentinels, rather than as quantitative indicators.
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spatial ecology and conservation of Seabirds facing global climate change a review
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2009Co-Authors: David Grémillet, Thierry BoulinierAbstract:In this review we detail the impact of climate change on marine productivity, on marine environmental stochasticity and cyclicity, and on the spatio-temporal match-mismatch of Seabirds and their prey. We thereby show that global warming has a profound bottom-up impact upon marine top-predators, but that such effects have to be studied in conjunction with the (top-down) impact of human fisheries upon Seabird food resources. Further, we propose Seabird ecological features, such as memory effects and social constraints, that make them particularly sensitive to rapid environmen- tal change. We provide examples of how Seabirds may nonetheless adapt when facing the conse- quences of climate change. We conclude that our understanding of the spatial ecology of Seabirds facing environmental change is still rudimentary, despite its relevance for the conservation of these vulnerable organisms and for the management of marine ecosystems. We define the following research priorities. (1) Determine the factors affecting Seabird distribution and movements at sea using biotelemetry, as well as colony dynamics on land. (2) Link Seabird distribution patterns to those of their prey. (3) Determine further the role of historical and metapopulation processes in contribut- ing to the dynamics of the spatial distribution of Seabirds. (4) Assess phenotypic plasticity and the potential for microevolution within Seabird spatial responses to climate change, since both will greatly affect the quality of modelling studies. (5) Adapt existing models to define and predict the impact of climate change onto Seabird spatial dynamics. (6) Synthesize all gathered information to define marine protected areas and further conservation schemes, such as capacity reduction of fish- eries. This research effort will require maintaining existing long-term monitoring programmes for Seabirds, as well as developing new approaches to permit the integration of processes occurring at various scales, in order to be able to fully track the population responses of these long-lived verte- brates to environmental changes. Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Contribution to the Theme Section 'Spatiotemporal dynamics of Seabirds in the marine environment' OPENEN
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Resilience of the British and Irish Seabird community in the twentieth century
Aquatic Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Marine Grandgeorge, Sarah Wanless, Timothy E. Dunn, Myriam Maumy, Grégory Beaugrand, David GrémilletAbstract:International audienceWe studied the British and Irish Seabird community in the 20th century, a period of great anthropogenic impact. We determined the average body mass of community members and analysed population sizes, phylogenetic and spatial structures. We also quantified the total predation exerted by Seabirds around Britain and Ireland and the spatial distribution of this predation in the North Sea. To achieve these aims we used (1) presence or absence of the Seabird species in the different counties of Britain and Ireland between 1875 to 1900 and 1968 to 1972, (2) Seabird breeding censuses of Britain and Ireland from 1969 to 1970, 1985 to 1988 and 1998 to 2002, (3) at-sea abundance and distribution surveys of Seabirds in the North Sea from 1980 to 1985 and 1990 to 1995, and (4) a bioenergetics model to estimate energy expenditures for 40 Seabird species. Our analyses suggest a marked expansion in the breeding range of Seabirds in Britain and Ireland between 1875 and 1972. Total Seabird numbers also increased at an average rate of 1% per annum between 1969 and 2002, with a related increase of 115% in predicted total Seabird predation. Only terns Sternidae declined during this second period. Some characteristics of the community (geographical and phylogenetic structure, body mass) showed minor and non-significant variability between 1969 and 2002. Finally, Seabird predation in the North Sea showed a slight north-eastward shift between 1980 to 1985 and 1990 to 1995. Overall, our study indicates that the Seabird community of Britain and Ireland has prospered during the 20th century. These results contrast with extensive breeding failures recorded during the first years of the 21st century, which indicate that certain species within the community are now being critically disturbed
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Resilience of the British and Irish Seabird community in the twentieth century
Aquatic Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Marine Grandgeorge, Sarah Wanless, Timothy E. Dunn, Myriam Maumy, Grégory Beaugrand, David GrémilletAbstract:We studied the British and Irish Seabird community in the 20th century, a period of great anthropogenic impact. We determined the average body mass of community members and analysed population sizes, phylogenetic and spatial structures. We also quantified the total predation exerted by Seabirds around Britain and Ireland and the spatial distribution of this predation in the North Sea. To achieve these aims we used (1) presence or absence of the Seabird species in the different counties of Britain and Ireland between 1875 to 1900 and 1968 to 1972, (2) Seabird breeding censuses of Britain and Ireland from 1969 to 1970, 1985 to 1988 and 1998 to 2002, (3) at-sea abundance and distribution surveys of Seabirds in the North Sea from 1980 to 1985 and 1990 to 1995, and (4) a bioenergetics model to estimate energy expenditures for 40 Seabird species. Our analyses suggest a marked expansion in the breeding range of Seabirds in Britain and Ireland between 1875 and 1972. Total Seabird numbers also increased at an average rate of 1% per annum between 1969 and 2002, with a related increase of 115% in predicted total Seabird predation. Only terns Sternidae declined during this second period. Some characteristics of the community (geographical and phylogenetic structure, body mass) showed minor and non-significant variability between 1969 and 2002. Finally, Seabird predation in the North Sea showed a slight north-eastward shift between 1980 to 1985 and 1990 to 1995. Overall, our study indicates that the Seabird community of Britain and Ireland has prospered during the 20th century. These results contrast with extensive breeding failures recorded during the first years of the 21st century, which indicate that certain species within the community are now being critically disturbed.
Hannah J Munro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic diversity of borrelia garinii from ixodes uriae collected in Seabird colonies of the northwestern atlantic ocean
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Hannah J Munro, Nicholas H Ogden, Samir Mechai, Robbin L Lindsay, Hugh Whitney, Gregory J Robertson, Andrew S LangAbstract:Abstract The occurrence of Borrelia garinii in Seabird ticks, Ixodes uriae, associated with different species of colonial Seabirds has been studied since the early 1990s. Research on the population structure of this bacterium in ticks from Seabird colonies in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean has revealed admixture between marine and terrestrial tick populations. We studied B. garinii genetic diversity and population structure in I. uriae collected from Seabird colonies in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We applied a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to B. garinii found in ticks from four species of Seabirds. The B. garinii strains found in this Seabird colony ecosystem were diverse. Some were very similar to strains from Asia and Europe, including some obtained from human clinical samples, while others formed a divergent group specific to this region of the Atlantic Ocean. Our findings highlight the genetic complexity of B. garinii circulating in Seabird ticks and their avian hosts but also demonstrate surprisingly close connections between B. garinii in this ecosystem and terrestrial sources in Eurasia. Genetic similarities among B. garinii from Seabird ticks and humans indicate the possibility that B. garinii circulating within Seabird tick-avian host transmission cycles could directly, or indirectly via connectivity with terrestrial transmission cycles, have consequences for human health.
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population structure of borrelia garinii from ixodes uriae collected in Seabird colonies of the northwestern atlantic ocean
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Hannah J Munro, Nicholas H Ogden, Samir Mechai, Robbin L Lindsay, Hugh Whitney, Gregory J Robertson, Andrew S LangAbstract:The occurrence of Borrelia garinii in Seabird ticks, Ixodes uriae, associated with different species of colonial Seabirds has been studied since the early 1990s. Research on the population structure of this bacterium in ticks from Seabird colonies in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean has revealed admixture between marine and terrestrial tick populations. We studied B. garinii population structure in I. uriae collected from Seabird colonies in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We applied a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to B. garinii found in ticks from four species of Seabirds. The B. garinii strains found in this Seabird colony ecosystem were diverse. Some were very similar to strains from Asia and Europe, including some obtained from human clinical samples, while others formed a divergent group specific to this region of the Atlantic Ocean.
