The Experts below are selected from a list of 930 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fereidoon Shahidi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characteristics of chicken-Seal salami.
Meat science, 1997Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef Synowiecki, V. Venugopal, Ronald B. Pegg, J.r. BottaAbstract:Mechanically separated Seal Meat (MSSM) at 10% (SM-10) and 20% (SM-20) or Seal protein hydrolysate (SPH) at 1% (SPH-1) and 2% (SPH-2) prepared from MSSM were used to replace mechanically separated chicken Meat (MSCM) in salami formulations. Cured products containing 10 or 20% MSSM had a deeper red colour than those of the controls as noted by Hunter L and a values. Samples containing 20% MSSM had a softer texture as determined by sensory and Kramer shear-compression test studies, which was supported by scanning electron micrographs. All samples were equally acceptable as determined by sensory evaluation, except for SM-20 salamis which were less favoured.
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Protein hydrolyzates from Seal Meat as phosphate alternatives in food processing applications.
Food Chemistry, 1997Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef SynowieckiAbstract:Abstract Protein hydrolyzates were prepared from mechanically separated Seal Meat (MSSM) and used as phosphate alternatives in Meat products in order to improve their water-binding capacity. The drip volume from thermally processed MSSM containing 3% ( w w ) Seal protein hydrolyzate (SPH) was 5.8% ( v w ) as compared with 12.8% ( v w ) for Meats cooked without any added SPH. The cooking loss of MSSM was minimum at a SPH concentration of 3%, similar to that of polyphosphates at the same level, but much higher than that of polyphosphates at their 0.5% maximum allowable limit of use. When compared to different phosphates, the drip volume resulting from use of SPH (54.7% of the drip from MSSM without additives) was lower than that for samples treated with sodium pyrophosphate (72.6%), sodium tripolyphosphate (66.4%) or sodium hexametaphosphate (60.0%).
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Seal Meat: A unique source of muscle food for health and nutrition
Food Reviews International, 1996Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef SynowieckiAbstract:Abstract Seal Meat is a unique source of muscle food for health and nutrition. It contains a high amount of protein with a well‐balanced amino acid composition. It is a lean Meat with less than 3% fat, mainly composed of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, both of which are considered to possess beneficial health effects. Meanwhile, the content of potentially harmful constituents, namely nucleic acids and cholesterol, in the Meat is low. Seal Meat also provides an excellent source of minerals, particularly iron, and vitamins, especially vitamin B‐12. Seal Meat may be used, as such, in production of processed products such as salami, pepperoni, and sausages, or it can be further processed to hydrolyzates for use in specialized applications. The residual proteins remaining on the bones after mechanical separation of the Meat may be recovered by a base‐ or enzyme‐assisted process.
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Alkali-assisted extraction of proteins from Meat and bone residues of harp Seal (Phoca groenlandica)
Food Chemistry, 1996Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef SynowieckiAbstract:Abstract Proteins from mechanically separated Seal Meat (MSSM) or bone residues thereof were extracted at pH 10.5 over a 1-h period at 20 °C and subsequently precipitated at pH 4.5–5.5. Washing of the resultant precipitate with acetone removed a large portion of haem pigments and effectively improved the colour of the product. The recovery of proteins from MSSM ranged from 56.92 to 63.88% and that for bone residues was 12.02–13.07%, depending on the extraction temperature employed. Precipitates obtained at pH 4.5 contained 85.88% moisture, 12.43% proteins, 0.31% minerals and 1.08% lipids. The moisture content of the acetone-washed product was decreased to 8–15% with a lipid content of 1.10%, on a dry-weight basis. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) values for extracted proteins from MSSM (3.13) and Seal bones (3.09) were higher than those for beef (2.8) and pork (2.5) and similar to that for cod (3.1). Tryptophan was the limiting amino acid in the protein isolates. Among the free amino acids, taurine was present at 22.9 mg%. This amino acid is important for functional regulation of the eyes, heart, muscles and central nervous system. Alkali-extracted proteins of Seal Meat had excellent fat adsorption, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability. The nitrogen solubility index (NSI) value of the products was similar to those obtained for base-extracted proteins from chicken bone residues.
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N-Nitrosamines in Nitrite-Cured Chicken-Seal Salami
Journal of food protection, 1995Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef Synowiecki, N. P. SenAbstract:The effect of inclusion of mechanically separated Seal Meat (MSSM) and Seal protein hydrolyzate (SPH) on the formation of N-nitrosamines in chicken salami was investigated. Inclusion of MSSM (10 or 20%) or SPH (1 or 2%) in salami had little effect on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the products. While the control sample contained 0.33 μg/kg NDMA, other samples contained 0.37 to 0.52 μg/kg of NDMA. Smoking of the samples resulted in small but an insignificant difference in the content of NDMA in the products. Some products contained traces of N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N-nitrosomorpholine, which were perhaps formed from interaction of amines in spice mixes with nitrite. Boiling, microwaving and frying had little effect on the content of N-nitrosamines; fried products contained up to 0.79 μg/kg NDMA.
Jozef Synowiecki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characteristics of chicken-Seal salami.
Meat science, 1997Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef Synowiecki, V. Venugopal, Ronald B. Pegg, J.r. BottaAbstract:Mechanically separated Seal Meat (MSSM) at 10% (SM-10) and 20% (SM-20) or Seal protein hydrolysate (SPH) at 1% (SPH-1) and 2% (SPH-2) prepared from MSSM were used to replace mechanically separated chicken Meat (MSCM) in salami formulations. Cured products containing 10 or 20% MSSM had a deeper red colour than those of the controls as noted by Hunter L and a values. Samples containing 20% MSSM had a softer texture as determined by sensory and Kramer shear-compression test studies, which was supported by scanning electron micrographs. All samples were equally acceptable as determined by sensory evaluation, except for SM-20 salamis which were less favoured.
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Protein hydrolyzates from Seal Meat as phosphate alternatives in food processing applications.
Food Chemistry, 1997Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef SynowieckiAbstract:Abstract Protein hydrolyzates were prepared from mechanically separated Seal Meat (MSSM) and used as phosphate alternatives in Meat products in order to improve their water-binding capacity. The drip volume from thermally processed MSSM containing 3% ( w w ) Seal protein hydrolyzate (SPH) was 5.8% ( v w ) as compared with 12.8% ( v w ) for Meats cooked without any added SPH. The cooking loss of MSSM was minimum at a SPH concentration of 3%, similar to that of polyphosphates at the same level, but much higher than that of polyphosphates at their 0.5% maximum allowable limit of use. When compared to different phosphates, the drip volume resulting from use of SPH (54.7% of the drip from MSSM without additives) was lower than that for samples treated with sodium pyrophosphate (72.6%), sodium tripolyphosphate (66.4%) or sodium hexametaphosphate (60.0%).
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Seal Meat: A unique source of muscle food for health and nutrition
Food Reviews International, 1996Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef SynowieckiAbstract:Abstract Seal Meat is a unique source of muscle food for health and nutrition. It contains a high amount of protein with a well‐balanced amino acid composition. It is a lean Meat with less than 3% fat, mainly composed of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, both of which are considered to possess beneficial health effects. Meanwhile, the content of potentially harmful constituents, namely nucleic acids and cholesterol, in the Meat is low. Seal Meat also provides an excellent source of minerals, particularly iron, and vitamins, especially vitamin B‐12. Seal Meat may be used, as such, in production of processed products such as salami, pepperoni, and sausages, or it can be further processed to hydrolyzates for use in specialized applications. The residual proteins remaining on the bones after mechanical separation of the Meat may be recovered by a base‐ or enzyme‐assisted process.
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Alkali-assisted extraction of proteins from Meat and bone residues of harp Seal (Phoca groenlandica)
Food Chemistry, 1996Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef SynowieckiAbstract:Abstract Proteins from mechanically separated Seal Meat (MSSM) or bone residues thereof were extracted at pH 10.5 over a 1-h period at 20 °C and subsequently precipitated at pH 4.5–5.5. Washing of the resultant precipitate with acetone removed a large portion of haem pigments and effectively improved the colour of the product. The recovery of proteins from MSSM ranged from 56.92 to 63.88% and that for bone residues was 12.02–13.07%, depending on the extraction temperature employed. Precipitates obtained at pH 4.5 contained 85.88% moisture, 12.43% proteins, 0.31% minerals and 1.08% lipids. The moisture content of the acetone-washed product was decreased to 8–15% with a lipid content of 1.10%, on a dry-weight basis. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) values for extracted proteins from MSSM (3.13) and Seal bones (3.09) were higher than those for beef (2.8) and pork (2.5) and similar to that for cod (3.1). Tryptophan was the limiting amino acid in the protein isolates. Among the free amino acids, taurine was present at 22.9 mg%. This amino acid is important for functional regulation of the eyes, heart, muscles and central nervous system. Alkali-extracted proteins of Seal Meat had excellent fat adsorption, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability. The nitrogen solubility index (NSI) value of the products was similar to those obtained for base-extracted proteins from chicken bone residues.
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N-Nitrosamines in Nitrite-Cured Chicken-Seal Salami
Journal of food protection, 1995Co-Authors: Fereidoon Shahidi, Jozef Synowiecki, N. P. SenAbstract:The effect of inclusion of mechanically separated Seal Meat (MSSM) and Seal protein hydrolyzate (SPH) on the formation of N-nitrosamines in chicken salami was investigated. Inclusion of MSSM (10 or 20%) or SPH (1 or 2%) in salami had little effect on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the products. While the control sample contained 0.33 μg/kg NDMA, other samples contained 0.37 to 0.52 μg/kg of NDMA. Smoking of the samples resulted in small but an insignificant difference in the content of NDMA in the products. Some products contained traces of N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N-nitrosomorpholine, which were perhaps formed from interaction of amines in spice mixes with nitrite. Boiling, microwaving and frying had little effect on the content of N-nitrosamines; fried products contained up to 0.79 μg/kg NDMA.
Nicholas H. Ogden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fate and transport of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in seasonally snow covered watersheds: a conceptual framework from a melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coasts.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2013Co-Authors: Audrey Simon, Michel Bigras Poulin, Alain N. Rousseau, Nicholas H. OgdenAbstract:Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that causes serious illness in humans and infects animals worldwide, including the Canadian Arctic. Indeed, high prevalence of infection amongst Inuit has been recorded, possibly due to consumption of raw infected Seal Meat. Here we explore the hypothesis that T. gondii oocysts contaminate the coastal marine environment via surface runoff from across the boreal watershed, particularly during the snowmelt period. We propose a conceptual framework of the different processes governing the fate and transport of T. gondii oocysts from the melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coast via the freshwater runoff. This framework identifies the feasibility of a transmission pathway of oocysts from contaminated soil to the marine environment, but also the complexity and multiplicity of mechanisms involved. In addition, the framework identifies knowledge gaps for guiding future studies on T. gondii oocysts. Furthermore, this work could be used as a tool to investigate the possible estuarine contamination by other faeces-borne pathogens transported via the spring freshet in seasonally snow covered watersheds.
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www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts
2013Co-Authors: Audrey Simon, Michel Bigras Poulin, Alain N. Rousseau, Nicholas H. OgdenAbstract:Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that causes serious illness in humans and infects animals worldwide, including the Canadian Arctic. Indeed, high prevalence of infection amongst Inuit has been recorded, possibly due to consumption of raw infected Seal Meat. Here we explore the hypothesis that T. gondii oocysts contaminate the coastal marine environment via surface runoff from across the boreal watershed, particularly during the snowmelt period. We propose a conceptual framework of the different processes governing the fate and transport of T. gondii oocysts from the melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coast via the freshwater runoff. This framework identifies the feasibility of a transmission pathway of oocysts from contaminated soil to the marine environment, but also the complexity and multiplicity of mechanisms involved. In addition, the framework identifies knowledge gaps for guiding future studies on T. gondii oocysts. Furthermore, this work could be used as a tool to investigate the possible estuarine contaminatio
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Spatio-temporal variations and age effect on Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in Seals from the Canadian Arctic.
Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Audrey Simon, Alain N. Rousseau, M. Chambellant, Brian J. Ward, Manon Simard, Jean-françois Proulx, Benoît Lévesque, Michel Bigras-poulin, Nicholas H. OgdenAbstract:Toxoplasmosis is a significant public health threat for Inuit in the Canadian Arctic. This study aimed to investigate arctic Seals as a possible food-borne source of infection. Blood samples collected from 828 Seals in 7 Canadian Arctic communities from 1999 to 2006 were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using a direct agglutination test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii DNA in tissues of a subsample of Seals. Associations between Seal age, sex, species, diet, community and year of capture, and serological test results were investigated by logistic regression. Overall seroprevalence was 10·4% (86/828). All tissues tested were negative by PCR. In ringed Seals, seroprevalence was significantly higher in juveniles than in adults (odds ratio=2·44). Overall, seroprevalence varied amongst communities ( P =0·0119) and by capture year ( P =0·0001). Our study supports the hypothesis that consumption of raw Seal Meat is a significant source of infection for Inuit. This work raises many questions about the mechanism of transfer of this terrestrial parasite to the marine environment, the preponderance of infection in younger animals and the natural course of infection in Seals. Further studies to address these questions are essential to fully understand the health risks for Inuit communities.
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Nunavik Inuit (Canada).
Zoonoses and public health, 2008Co-Authors: Virginie Messier, Nicholas H. Ogden, Brian J. Ward, Jean-françois Proulx, Benoît Lévesque, L. Rochette, Michael Libman, B. Serhir, M. Couillard, Éric DewaillyAbstract:Summary As a result of their intimate contact with the land and their nutritional habits, the Inuit of Nunavik are considered to be at risk from zoonotic infections. To better understand the risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection, a serosurvey was conducted in Nunavik, Quebec, in September 2004. A representative sample of the Inuit adult population of Nunavik participated in this cross-sectional study (n = 917). Antibodies (IgG) against T. gondii were detected by immunoassay. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, traditional activities, domestic environment and nutrition was gathered by questionnaire and explored as variables explanatory of seropositive results. Associations found to be statistically significant in univariate analyses were assessed by multivariable logistic regression to control for confounding factors. Almost two thirds (59.8%) of the Inuit of Nunavik were found to be seropositive for T. gondii. In multivariate analyses, risk factors for seropositivity were: increasing age, gender (women > men), lower level of education, consumption of potentially contaminated water (determined by an index of risk from waterborne infections), frequent cleaning of water reservoirs, and consumption of Seal Meat and feathered game. There was some variation in seroprevalence between the Ungava Bay coast (52.3%) and the Hudson Bay coast (65.6%), the two main regions of Nunavik, but this variation was not significant in the multivariable logistic regression model. This cross-sectional study demonstrated high T. gondii seroprevalence in the Inuit population and revealed that age, gender, schooling and community of residence all influence serostatus in this population. Variables related to drinking water and food choices may also influence the risk of infection. These results raise important questions about T. gondii transmission in Nunavik including possible links between terrestrial and marine cycles.
Audrey Simon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fate and transport of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in seasonally snow covered watersheds: a conceptual framework from a melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coasts.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2013Co-Authors: Audrey Simon, Michel Bigras Poulin, Alain N. Rousseau, Nicholas H. OgdenAbstract:Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that causes serious illness in humans and infects animals worldwide, including the Canadian Arctic. Indeed, high prevalence of infection amongst Inuit has been recorded, possibly due to consumption of raw infected Seal Meat. Here we explore the hypothesis that T. gondii oocysts contaminate the coastal marine environment via surface runoff from across the boreal watershed, particularly during the snowmelt period. We propose a conceptual framework of the different processes governing the fate and transport of T. gondii oocysts from the melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coast via the freshwater runoff. This framework identifies the feasibility of a transmission pathway of oocysts from contaminated soil to the marine environment, but also the complexity and multiplicity of mechanisms involved. In addition, the framework identifies knowledge gaps for guiding future studies on T. gondii oocysts. Furthermore, this work could be used as a tool to investigate the possible estuarine contamination by other faeces-borne pathogens transported via the spring freshet in seasonally snow covered watersheds.
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www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts
2013Co-Authors: Audrey Simon, Michel Bigras Poulin, Alain N. Rousseau, Nicholas H. OgdenAbstract:Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that causes serious illness in humans and infects animals worldwide, including the Canadian Arctic. Indeed, high prevalence of infection amongst Inuit has been recorded, possibly due to consumption of raw infected Seal Meat. Here we explore the hypothesis that T. gondii oocysts contaminate the coastal marine environment via surface runoff from across the boreal watershed, particularly during the snowmelt period. We propose a conceptual framework of the different processes governing the fate and transport of T. gondii oocysts from the melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coast via the freshwater runoff. This framework identifies the feasibility of a transmission pathway of oocysts from contaminated soil to the marine environment, but also the complexity and multiplicity of mechanisms involved. In addition, the framework identifies knowledge gaps for guiding future studies on T. gondii oocysts. Furthermore, this work could be used as a tool to investigate the possible estuarine contaminatio
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Spatio-temporal variations and age effect on Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in Seals from the Canadian Arctic.
Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Audrey Simon, Alain N. Rousseau, M. Chambellant, Brian J. Ward, Manon Simard, Jean-françois Proulx, Benoît Lévesque, Michel Bigras-poulin, Nicholas H. OgdenAbstract:Toxoplasmosis is a significant public health threat for Inuit in the Canadian Arctic. This study aimed to investigate arctic Seals as a possible food-borne source of infection. Blood samples collected from 828 Seals in 7 Canadian Arctic communities from 1999 to 2006 were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using a direct agglutination test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii DNA in tissues of a subsample of Seals. Associations between Seal age, sex, species, diet, community and year of capture, and serological test results were investigated by logistic regression. Overall seroprevalence was 10·4% (86/828). All tissues tested were negative by PCR. In ringed Seals, seroprevalence was significantly higher in juveniles than in adults (odds ratio=2·44). Overall, seroprevalence varied amongst communities ( P =0·0119) and by capture year ( P =0·0001). Our study supports the hypothesis that consumption of raw Seal Meat is a significant source of infection for Inuit. This work raises many questions about the mechanism of transfer of this terrestrial parasite to the marine environment, the preponderance of infection in younger animals and the natural course of infection in Seals. Further studies to address these questions are essential to fully understand the health risks for Inuit communities.
Alain N. Rousseau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fate and transport of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in seasonally snow covered watersheds: a conceptual framework from a melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coasts.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2013Co-Authors: Audrey Simon, Michel Bigras Poulin, Alain N. Rousseau, Nicholas H. OgdenAbstract:Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that causes serious illness in humans and infects animals worldwide, including the Canadian Arctic. Indeed, high prevalence of infection amongst Inuit has been recorded, possibly due to consumption of raw infected Seal Meat. Here we explore the hypothesis that T. gondii oocysts contaminate the coastal marine environment via surface runoff from across the boreal watershed, particularly during the snowmelt period. We propose a conceptual framework of the different processes governing the fate and transport of T. gondii oocysts from the melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coast via the freshwater runoff. This framework identifies the feasibility of a transmission pathway of oocysts from contaminated soil to the marine environment, but also the complexity and multiplicity of mechanisms involved. In addition, the framework identifies knowledge gaps for guiding future studies on T. gondii oocysts. Furthermore, this work could be used as a tool to investigate the possible estuarine contamination by other faeces-borne pathogens transported via the spring freshet in seasonally snow covered watersheds.
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www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts
2013Co-Authors: Audrey Simon, Michel Bigras Poulin, Alain N. Rousseau, Nicholas H. OgdenAbstract:Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that causes serious illness in humans and infects animals worldwide, including the Canadian Arctic. Indeed, high prevalence of infection amongst Inuit has been recorded, possibly due to consumption of raw infected Seal Meat. Here we explore the hypothesis that T. gondii oocysts contaminate the coastal marine environment via surface runoff from across the boreal watershed, particularly during the snowmelt period. We propose a conceptual framework of the different processes governing the fate and transport of T. gondii oocysts from the melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coast via the freshwater runoff. This framework identifies the feasibility of a transmission pathway of oocysts from contaminated soil to the marine environment, but also the complexity and multiplicity of mechanisms involved. In addition, the framework identifies knowledge gaps for guiding future studies on T. gondii oocysts. Furthermore, this work could be used as a tool to investigate the possible estuarine contaminatio
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Spatio-temporal variations and age effect on Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in Seals from the Canadian Arctic.
Parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Audrey Simon, Alain N. Rousseau, M. Chambellant, Brian J. Ward, Manon Simard, Jean-françois Proulx, Benoît Lévesque, Michel Bigras-poulin, Nicholas H. OgdenAbstract:Toxoplasmosis is a significant public health threat for Inuit in the Canadian Arctic. This study aimed to investigate arctic Seals as a possible food-borne source of infection. Blood samples collected from 828 Seals in 7 Canadian Arctic communities from 1999 to 2006 were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using a direct agglutination test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii DNA in tissues of a subsample of Seals. Associations between Seal age, sex, species, diet, community and year of capture, and serological test results were investigated by logistic regression. Overall seroprevalence was 10·4% (86/828). All tissues tested were negative by PCR. In ringed Seals, seroprevalence was significantly higher in juveniles than in adults (odds ratio=2·44). Overall, seroprevalence varied amongst communities ( P =0·0119) and by capture year ( P =0·0001). Our study supports the hypothesis that consumption of raw Seal Meat is a significant source of infection for Inuit. This work raises many questions about the mechanism of transfer of this terrestrial parasite to the marine environment, the preponderance of infection in younger animals and the natural course of infection in Seals. Further studies to address these questions are essential to fully understand the health risks for Inuit communities.