Seat Belt

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Laurie F. Beck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Belief about Seat Belt use and Seat Belt wearing behavior among front and rear Seat passengers in the United States
    Journal of safety research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Laurie F. Beck, Marcie-jo Kresnow, Gwen Bergen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Introduction: Unrestrained drivers and passengers represent almost half of all passenger vehicle occupant deaths in the United States. The current study assessed the relationship between the belief about importance of Seat Belt use and the behavior of always wearing a Seat Belt. Method: Data from 2012 ConsumerStyles were analyzed separately for front and rear passenger Seating positions. Multivariable regression models were constructed to identify the association between Seat Belt belief and behavior (i.e., always wears Seat Belt) among adults. Models controlled for type of state Seat Belt law (primary, secondary, or none). Results: Seat Belt use was higher in front passenger Seats (86.1%) than in rear passenger Seats (61.6%). Similarly, belief that Seat Belt use was very important was higher in reference to the front passenger Seat (84.2%) versus the rear passenger Seat (70.5%). For the front passenger Seat, belief was significantly associated with Seat Belt use in states with both primary enforcement laws (adjPR 1.64) and secondary enforcement laws (adjPR 2.77). For the rear passenger Seat, belief was also significantly associated with Seat Belt use, and two 2-way interactions were observed (belief by sex, belief by region). Conclusions: Despite overall high rates of Seat Belt use in the United States, certain groups are less likely to buckle up than others. The study findings suggest that efforts to increase Seat Belt use among high-risk populations, such as those who live in states with secondary or no Seat Belt laws and those who ride in rear Seats (which include people who utilize taxis or ride-hailing vehicles) could benefit from interventions designed to strengthen beliefs related to the benefits of Seat Belt use. Practical applications: Future research that uses a theoretical framework to better understand the relationship between beliefs and behavior may inform interventions to improve Seat Belt use.

  • Predictors of rear Seat Belt use among U.S. adults, 2012
    Journal of safety research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Geeta Bhat, Laurie F. Beck, Gwen Bergen, Marcie-jo Kresnow
    Abstract:

    INTRODUCTION: Seat Belt use reduces the risk of injuries and fatalities among motor vehicle occupants in a crash, but Belt use in rear Seating positions is consistently lower than front Seating positions. Knowledge is limited concerning factors associated with Seat Belt use among adult rear Seat passengers. METHODS: Data from the 2012 ConsumerStyles survey were used to calculate weighted percentages of self-reported rear Seat Belt use by demographic characteristics and type of rear Seat Belt use enforcement. Multivariable regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios for rear Seat Belt use, adjusting for person-, household- and geographic-level demographic variables as well as for type of Seat Belt law in place in the state. RESULTS: Rear Seat Belt use varied by age, race, geographic region, metropolitan status, and type of enforcement. Multivariable regression showed that respondents living in states with primary (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR): 1.23) and secondary (APR: 1.11) rear Seat Belt use enforcement laws were significantly more likely to report always wearing a Seat Belt in the rear Seat compared with those living in a state with no rear Seat Belt use enforcement law. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Several factors were associated with self-reported Seat Belt use in rear Seating positions. Evidence suggests that primary enforcement covering all Seating positions is an effective intervention that can be employed to increase Seat Belt use and in turn prevent motor vehicle injuries to rear-Seated occupants. Language: en

  • Potential moderating role of Seat Belt law on the relationship between Seat Belt use and adverse health behavior.
    American journal of health behavior, 2012
    Co-Authors: Tara W. Strine, Laurie F. Beck, Julie Bolen, Catherine A. Okoro
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential moderating effect of Seat Belt law on Seat Belt compliance among persons who engage in adverse health behaviors. METHODS: Self-reported use of Seat Belts and adverse health behaviors in a 2008 US state-based population survey. RESULTS: Seat Belt law moderates the use of Seat Belts among males and females who smoked, males who were physically inactive, and males and females who engaged in multiple risk behaviors. CONCLUSION: There is a need to supplement legislative interventions with more focused behavioral approaches to further increase Seat Belt compliance among persons who engage in adverse risk behaviors. Language: en

  • vital signs nonfatal motor vehicle occupant injuries 2009 and Seat Belt use 2008 among adults united states
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2011
    Co-Authors: Laurie F. Beck, B A West
    Abstract:

    Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in the United States among persons aged 5-34 years. Seat Belts have been shown to be the most effective method for reducing injuries among adults in the event of a crash. The CDC used 2009 data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System--All Injury Program to provide U.S. estimates of the number and rate of nonfatal, motor vehicle--occupant injuries treated in emergency departments among adults aged ≥18 years. In addition, CDC used 2008 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate the prevalence of self-reported Seat Belt use among adults in the United States. Seat Belt use was examined further by type of state Seat Belt enforcement law. In 2009 in the United States, an estimated 2.3 million adult motor vehicle--occupants had nonfatal injuries treated in emergency departments. The nonfatal, motor vehicle--occupant injury rate declined 15.6% from 1,193.8/100,000 population in 2001 to 1,007.5/100,000 population in 2009. In 2008, self-reported Seat Belt use was higher in states with primary enforcement laws (88.2%), compared with states with secondary enforcement laws (79.2%). If the secondary law states had achieved 88.2% Seat Belt use in 2008, an additional 7.3 million adults would have been Belted. From 2002-2008, self-reported Seat Belt use increased overall from 80.5% to 85.0%. Nonfatal, motor vehicle--occupant injuries treated in emergency departments have declined in recent years but still affect a substantial proportion of the adult U.S. population each year. Self-reported Belt use increased from 2002-2008, and was higher in states with primary enforcement laws compared with states with secondary enforcement laws. Seat Belt use is a proven method to reduce motor vehicle--occupant injuries, and the results of this analysis demonstrate that states with primary enforcement laws have higher prevalence of self-reported Seat Belt use. To help reduce the number of motor vehicle--occupant injuries, 19 states without primary enforcement laws should consider enacting them.

  • Geographic and sociodemographic variation in self-reported Seat Belt use in the United States
    Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2010
    Co-Authors: Tara W. Strine, Laurie F. Beck, Catherine Okoro, Satvinder Dhingra, Julie Bolen, Lina Balluz
    Abstract:

    Background: With new data available, we sought to update existing literature on the prevalence of self-reported Seat Belt use by state, region, and rural/urban status and to estimate the strength of the association between Seat Belt use and rural/urban status adjusted for type of Seat Belt law and several other factors. Methods: We examined data on self-reported use of Seat Belts from 50 states, the District of Columbia, and three territories using the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based random-digit-dialed telephone survey (n = 406,552). Reported Seat Belt use was assessed by state, U.S. Census regions, and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) rural/urban continuum codes. Results: Overall, 85% of adults in the United States reported they always used Seat Belts. Regionally, the West had the highest prevalence of persons who reported that they always wear Seat Belts (89.6%) and the Midwest had the lowest (80.4%). States with primary Seat Belt laws had the highest prevalence of reported Seat Belt use, compared with states with secondary or no laws. After adjusting for various sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, and type of Seat Belt law, persons in the most densely populated metropolitan areas were significantly more likely to report always wearing Seat Belts than those in most sparsely populated rural areas (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9). Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the evidence that primary enforcement Seat Belt laws are effective for increasing Seat Belt use, and suggest that upgrading to primary enforcement laws will be an important strategy for reducing crash-related fatalities in rural areas.

John Lynch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Effect of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws on Seat Belt Use by Socioeconomic Position
    Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2013
    Co-Authors: Shirley Harper, Erin Strumpf, Scott Burris, George Davey Smith, John Lynch
    Abstract:

    We investigated the differential effect of mandatory Seat Belt laws on Seat Belt use among socioeconomic subgroups. We identified the differential effect of legislation across higher versus lower education individuals using a difference-in-differences model based on state variations in the timing of the passage of laws. We find strong effects of mandatory Seat Belt laws for all education groups, but the effect is stronger for those with fewer years of education. In addition, we find that the differential effect by education is larger for mandatory Seat Belt laws with primary rather than secondary enforcement. Our results imply that existing socioeconomic differences in Seat Belt use would be further mitigated if all states upgraded to primary enforcement. Language: en

  • Do Mandatory Seat Belt Laws Affect Socioeconomic Inequalities in Seat Belt Use
    SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Sam Harper, Erin Strumpf, Scott Burris, George Davey Smith, John Lynch
    Abstract:

    We investigated the effect of mandatory Seat Belt laws on socioeconomic differences in Seat Belt use. We identified the differential effect of legislation across socioeconomic groups using a difference-in-difference-in-differences model based on state variations in the timing of the passage of laws. Seat Belt laws consistently reduced educational and income gaps, with the smallest differences between socioeconomic groups observed among states that do not require any other violation to issue a citation for Seat Belt non-use (primary enforcement). Our results imply that existing socioeconomic differences in Seat Belt use would be further mitigated if all states upgraded to primary enforcement.

Lina Balluz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Geographic and sociodemographic variation in self-reported Seat Belt use in the United States
    Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2010
    Co-Authors: Tara W. Strine, Laurie F. Beck, Catherine Okoro, Satvinder Dhingra, Julie Bolen, Lina Balluz
    Abstract:

    Background: With new data available, we sought to update existing literature on the prevalence of self-reported Seat Belt use by state, region, and rural/urban status and to estimate the strength of the association between Seat Belt use and rural/urban status adjusted for type of Seat Belt law and several other factors. Methods: We examined data on self-reported use of Seat Belts from 50 states, the District of Columbia, and three territories using the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based random-digit-dialed telephone survey (n = 406,552). Reported Seat Belt use was assessed by state, U.S. Census regions, and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) rural/urban continuum codes. Results: Overall, 85% of adults in the United States reported they always used Seat Belts. Regionally, the West had the highest prevalence of persons who reported that they always wear Seat Belts (89.6%) and the Midwest had the lowest (80.4%). States with primary Seat Belt laws had the highest prevalence of reported Seat Belt use, compared with states with secondary or no laws. After adjusting for various sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, and type of Seat Belt law, persons in the most densely populated metropolitan areas were significantly more likely to report always wearing Seat Belts than those in most sparsely populated rural areas (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9). Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the evidence that primary enforcement Seat Belt laws are effective for increasing Seat Belt use, and suggest that upgrading to primary enforcement laws will be an important strategy for reducing crash-related fatalities in rural areas.

Ed Bergeron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effectiveness of enhanced Seat Belt reminder systems observational field data collection methodology and findings
    2007
    Co-Authors: Mark Freedman, Paul Zador, John Lopdell, S Levi, Ed Bergeron
    Abstract:

    Enhanced Seat Belt reminder systems (ESBRs) provide a more conspicuous warning to fasten Seat Belts than the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) currently requires. The effect of ESBRs on driver and front passenger Seat Belt use was examined in a field observational study of Seat Belt use of unalerted front Seat occupants in nearly 40,000 passenger vehicles in eight States with and without primary Seat Belt laws. License tag numbers were matched to State motor vehicle registration records to determine Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), manufacturer, model, and year. ESBR features (e.g., sound, icon, text, duration, cycle, etc.) were determined by matching make, model, and year to a features database compiled by NHTSA and Westat. A propensity analysis was conducted using stepwise logistic regression models to estimate the probability of SeatBelt use while controlling for the influence of key vehicle, occupant and geographic location factors. ESBRs were found to increase front occupant Seat Belt use by 3-4 percentage points compared to vehicles without ESBRs. Significant positive effects of ESBRs were more often found among the lowest Belt use propensity groups. ESBR features were found individually and in combinations to have significant effects on driver Seat Belt use. The findings suggest that ESBRs may be most effective in converting Belt use resistors if they incorporate the features found to have positive effects among lowest Belt use propensity groups.

  • The Effectiveness of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems – Observational Field Data Collection Methodology and Findings
    2007
    Co-Authors: Mark Freedman, Paul Zador, John Lopdell, S Levi, Ed Bergeron
    Abstract:

    Enhanced Seat Belt reminder systems (ESBRs) provide a more conspicuous warning to fasten Seat Belts than the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) currently requires. The effect of ESBRs on driver and front passenger Seat Belt use was examined in a field observational study of Seat Belt use of unalerted front Seat occupants in nearly 40,000 passenger vehicles in eight States with and without primary Seat Belt laws. License tag numbers were matched to State motor vehicle registration records to determine Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), manufacturer, model, and year. ESBR features (e.g., sound, icon, text, duration, cycle, etc.) were determined by matching make, model, and year to a features database compiled by NHTSA and Westat. A propensity analysis was conducted using stepwise logistic regression models to estimate the probability of SeatBelt use while controlling for the influence of key vehicle, occupant and geographic location factors. ESBRs were found to increase front occupant Seat Belt use by 3-4 percentage points compared to vehicles without ESBRs. Significant positive effects of ESBRs were more often found among the lowest Belt use propensity groups. ESBR features were found individually and in combinations to have significant effects on driver Seat Belt use. The findings suggest that ESBRs may be most effective in converting Belt use resistors if they incorporate the features found to have positive effects among lowest Belt use propensity groups.

Luis Mendes Pedro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • clinical aspects and present challenges of the Seat Belt aorta
    Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ryan Gouveia E Melo, Pedro Amorim, Tony Soares, Ruy Fernandes E Fernandes, Augusto Ministro, Pedro Garrido, Jose Fernandes E Fernandes, Luis Mendes Pedro
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective Seat Belt aorta is rare and difficult to manage. The lack of data and follow-up increases the complexity of treating such patients. We aimed to create a decision algorithm by reviewing our current experience and analyzing the presentation and management of our patients. Methods We performed a descriptive case series based on retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients admitted with the diagnosis of Seat Belt aorta from 2008 to 2018. Seat Belt aorta was defined as any blunt abdominal aortic lesion resulting from a Seat Belt compression mechanism after a car accident. Results Nine consecutive patients were admitted with the diagnosis of Seat Belt aorta, all of whom developed lesions in the infrarenal aorta. Eight patients were assessed in the acute phase and one patient presented with late-onset symptoms. Associated injuries were present in all acute patients, and Seat Belt sign and small bowel injury were present in 88%. One patient presented with a small intimal tear and was treated conservatively. All other patients diagnosed with large intimal flaps (seven patients) and pseudoaneurysm (one patient) underwent open repair in five cases and endovascular repair in three cases. In-hospital mortality for the acute cases was 38%, with no mortality seen during follow-up. Two patients submitted to endovascular repair required reinterventions. Conclusions Seat Belt aorta is a deadly condition, frequently associated with blunt thoracoabdominal trauma with concomitant injuries; the presence of a Seat Belt sign or lower limb ischemia must lead to a high diagnostic suspicion. Management must take into account the other concomitant injuries. Follow-up is crucial as most patients are young; they may develop complications and subsequently require further intervention.