The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rueben C Warren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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driver and passenger Seatbelt use among u s high school students
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Nathaniel C Briggs, Warren E Lambert, Irwin Goldzweig, Robert S Levine, Rueben C WarrenAbstract:Background In 2005, 40% of motor-vehicle occupant deaths in the group aged 16–19 years involved passengers. Although Seatbelts can reduce crash mortality by 50% or more, little is known about the differences in driver-versus-passenger Seatbelt use among teens. Methods In 2007, data from the 2001 and 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were analyzed for 12,731 black, white, and Hispanic high school students aged ≥16 years reporting Seatbelt use as both drivers and passengers. Seatbelt use was compared for driver- and passenger-seat positions, and stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity, school grades, and histories of either drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Results Overall, 59% of students always used Seatbelts when driving, but only 42% always buckled up as passengers. Across all covariate strata, passenger Seatbelt use was significantly less prevalent than driver Seatbelt use (p<0.001). A concordance analysis showed that only 38% of students always wore Seatbelts both when driving and while riding as a passenger. Multivariate analyses indicated that, regardless of seat position, Seatbelt use was lower for young men, blacks, students with poor grades, and students who reported either drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Conclusions U.S. high school students aged ≥16 years are significantly less likely to wear Seatbelts as passengers than as drivers. Interventions designed to promote Seatbelt use among teens need to address this disparity.
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Driver and Passenger Seatbelt Use Among U.S. High School Students
American journal of preventive medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Nathaniel C Briggs, Irwin Goldzweig, Robert S Levine, E. Warren Lambert, Rueben C WarrenAbstract:Background In 2005, 40% of motor-vehicle occupant deaths in the group aged 16–19 years involved passengers. Although Seatbelts can reduce crash mortality by 50% or more, little is known about the differences in driver-versus-passenger Seatbelt use among teens. Methods In 2007, data from the 2001 and 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were analyzed for 12,731 black, white, and Hispanic high school students aged ≥16 years reporting Seatbelt use as both drivers and passengers. Seatbelt use was compared for driver- and passenger-seat positions, and stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity, school grades, and histories of either drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Results Overall, 59% of students always used Seatbelts when driving, but only 42% always buckled up as passengers. Across all covariate strata, passenger Seatbelt use was significantly less prevalent than driver Seatbelt use (p
Robert S Levine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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driver and passenger Seatbelt use among u s high school students
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Nathaniel C Briggs, Warren E Lambert, Irwin Goldzweig, Robert S Levine, Rueben C WarrenAbstract:Background In 2005, 40% of motor-vehicle occupant deaths in the group aged 16–19 years involved passengers. Although Seatbelts can reduce crash mortality by 50% or more, little is known about the differences in driver-versus-passenger Seatbelt use among teens. Methods In 2007, data from the 2001 and 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were analyzed for 12,731 black, white, and Hispanic high school students aged ≥16 years reporting Seatbelt use as both drivers and passengers. Seatbelt use was compared for driver- and passenger-seat positions, and stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity, school grades, and histories of either drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Results Overall, 59% of students always used Seatbelts when driving, but only 42% always buckled up as passengers. Across all covariate strata, passenger Seatbelt use was significantly less prevalent than driver Seatbelt use (p<0.001). A concordance analysis showed that only 38% of students always wore Seatbelts both when driving and while riding as a passenger. Multivariate analyses indicated that, regardless of seat position, Seatbelt use was lower for young men, blacks, students with poor grades, and students who reported either drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Conclusions U.S. high school students aged ≥16 years are significantly less likely to wear Seatbelts as passengers than as drivers. Interventions designed to promote Seatbelt use among teens need to address this disparity.
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Driver and Passenger Seatbelt Use Among U.S. High School Students
American journal of preventive medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Nathaniel C Briggs, Irwin Goldzweig, Robert S Levine, E. Warren Lambert, Rueben C WarrenAbstract:Background In 2005, 40% of motor-vehicle occupant deaths in the group aged 16–19 years involved passengers. Although Seatbelts can reduce crash mortality by 50% or more, little is known about the differences in driver-versus-passenger Seatbelt use among teens. Methods In 2007, data from the 2001 and 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were analyzed for 12,731 black, white, and Hispanic high school students aged ≥16 years reporting Seatbelt use as both drivers and passengers. Seatbelt use was compared for driver- and passenger-seat positions, and stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity, school grades, and histories of either drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Results Overall, 59% of students always used Seatbelts when driving, but only 42% always buckled up as passengers. Across all covariate strata, passenger Seatbelt use was significantly less prevalent than driver Seatbelt use (p
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Race and Seatbelt law enforcement: health policy in search of descriptive epidemiology
Annals of Epidemiology, 2004Co-Authors: E.n. Cuffie, N.c. Briggs, Robert S LevineAbstract:Purpose Primary enforcement of state Seatbelt laws (motorists can be stopped and cited solely for Seatbelt nonuse) more effectively prevents motor vehicle crash injuries than does secondary enforcement (motorists can be cited only if stopped for another offense). Enactment of primary laws in most states has been hampered by concern that enforcement would engender racial profiling, but little is known about racial differences in Seatbelt law enforcement. To explore racial profiling in relation to state seat belt laws, we analyzed data from telephone interviews performed by the U.S. Department of Transportation with a national probability sample of motorists in 2000. Methods The study population comprised 466 black and 3117 white drivers residing in 12 primary law states and 13 secondary law states from which there were five or more black survey participants. As a measure of profiling, race-specific Seatbelt violation citation histories were compared for all motorists stopped by police in the preceding year who had not been wearing Seatbelts at the time. Logistic regression was used in computation of prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with and without stratification by type of state Seatbelt law. Results For all states collectively, among blacks and whites stopped while not wearing Seatbelts, blacks were nearly three times as likely to be cited exclusively for violating a Seatbelt law (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.0, 8.1). Stratification by state law, however, indicated that in primary law states blacks were nearly four times as likely as whites to be cited only for a Seatbelt law violation (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 0.8, 16.7), whereas in secondary law states blacks were more than three times less likely to be cited only for Seatbelt law violations (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.1, 2.0). Conclusion Although these findings were based on a small size and confidence intervals were wide, they suggest that primary Seatbelt laws may lead to racial profiling.
M Vacchino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk Factors and Seatbelt Use in Argentina
Injury Prevention, 2010Co-Authors: M VacchinoAbstract:Few studies examined the use of Seatbelt and risk factors in lower- or middle-income countries. We investigated the associations between no Seatbelt use and age, gender, education, obesity, excessive ingestion of alcohol in the past 30 days and region in Argentina. In 2005 National Survey of Risk Factors, Seatbelt use was asked “How often do you use Seatbelts when you drive or ride in a car? Responses were coded dichotomously (always = 0 vs less than always = 1). Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate ODs and 95% CIs for not using Seatbelt and sex, age and education level. Because interaction effects were evident for sex, obesity, alcohol intake and region, we performed a stratified analysis by sex using as covariables age, education level, obesity, alcohol intake and region. Adjusted ODs for no Seatbelt use were 1.23 (1.11 to 1.36) for women, 3.44 (2.83 to 4.17) for education level less than primary school) and 2.61 (2.20 to 3.10) for 18–24 age group, among others. Stratified analysis by sex showed strong associations between increased BMI and no Seatbelt use in extremely obese women, OR=2.50(1.30 to 4.81), and Northwest, OR=6.10 (5.08 to 7.33). In men, significant associations with alcohol abuse OR=1.58 (1.28 to 1.97). Effective preventive interventions are needed to promote Seatbelt use among women, young and less educated people and to control the alcohol intake, especially in certain country9s regions.
Nathaniel C Briggs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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driver and passenger Seatbelt use among u s high school students
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Nathaniel C Briggs, Warren E Lambert, Irwin Goldzweig, Robert S Levine, Rueben C WarrenAbstract:Background In 2005, 40% of motor-vehicle occupant deaths in the group aged 16–19 years involved passengers. Although Seatbelts can reduce crash mortality by 50% or more, little is known about the differences in driver-versus-passenger Seatbelt use among teens. Methods In 2007, data from the 2001 and 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were analyzed for 12,731 black, white, and Hispanic high school students aged ≥16 years reporting Seatbelt use as both drivers and passengers. Seatbelt use was compared for driver- and passenger-seat positions, and stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity, school grades, and histories of either drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Results Overall, 59% of students always used Seatbelts when driving, but only 42% always buckled up as passengers. Across all covariate strata, passenger Seatbelt use was significantly less prevalent than driver Seatbelt use (p<0.001). A concordance analysis showed that only 38% of students always wore Seatbelts both when driving and while riding as a passenger. Multivariate analyses indicated that, regardless of seat position, Seatbelt use was lower for young men, blacks, students with poor grades, and students who reported either drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Conclusions U.S. high school students aged ≥16 years are significantly less likely to wear Seatbelts as passengers than as drivers. Interventions designed to promote Seatbelt use among teens need to address this disparity.
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Driver and Passenger Seatbelt Use Among U.S. High School Students
American journal of preventive medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Nathaniel C Briggs, Irwin Goldzweig, Robert S Levine, E. Warren Lambert, Rueben C WarrenAbstract:Background In 2005, 40% of motor-vehicle occupant deaths in the group aged 16–19 years involved passengers. Although Seatbelts can reduce crash mortality by 50% or more, little is known about the differences in driver-versus-passenger Seatbelt use among teens. Methods In 2007, data from the 2001 and 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys were analyzed for 12,731 black, white, and Hispanic high school students aged ≥16 years reporting Seatbelt use as both drivers and passengers. Seatbelt use was compared for driver- and passenger-seat positions, and stratified by age, gender, race/ethnicity, school grades, and histories of either drinking and driving or riding with a drinking driver. Results Overall, 59% of students always used Seatbelts when driving, but only 42% always buckled up as passengers. Across all covariate strata, passenger Seatbelt use was significantly less prevalent than driver Seatbelt use (p
Adnan A. Hyder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pw 2562 improving Seatbelt use through high tech enforcement in a chinese city results from an observational study
Injury Prevention, 2018Co-Authors: Juanjuan Peng, Ting Chen, Adnan A. HyderAbstract:Objective As the most populous city in China, Shanghai has 24.4 million resident population, 6.5 million of whom are motor vehicle drivers. According to the Traffic police, 868 people died due to road traffic crashes in 2016 in Shanghai. Wearing a Seatbelt reduces the risk of death in the event of a crash by 50% for front seat occupants and 75% for rear seat occupants. Chinese traffic laws require Seatbelt use for all occupants, but difficulty with enforcement has resulted in low compliance rate. Shanghai police started using high-resolution cameras and object-detection algorithm in Seatbelt enforcement since early 2016. Our objective is to assess the level and trend of Seatbelt use in Shanghai. Methods Data are collected at eight randomly selected locations throughout the city. The sites were picked to allow for a range of road types (elevated and ground, urban and peri-urban, varying speed limits) and geographic locations. Data collection covers most times of the day on both weekday and weekend. This allows a full representation of varying traffic models during both rush hours and non-rush hours. At each site, trained field workers from Shanghai CDC observed Seatbelt use of occupants in all passing motor vehicles. Findings We have completed five rounds of data collection with a total sample size of 57 639 drivers and passengers. The Seatbelt use rate has been consistently increasing over time, from 60.8% in round 1% to 81.4% in round 5. The increase is substantial and statistically significant for both drivers and passengers. The Seatbelt use was more than twice higher among drivers than passengers, but the ratio of driver over passenger wearing rate has been declining, which implies that the passenger use rate is catching up. Females are more likely to wear Seatbelt than males. 95.7% of female drivers and 71.2% female passengers use Seatbelt, compared to 94.4% for male drivers and 39.6% for male passengers. Conclusion and policy implications Seatbelt use has been boosted by the deployment of computer vision technology in enforcement. Other cities in China and other countries facing similar challenges with Seatbelt enforcement may learn from Shanghai’s experience.
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Seatbelt wearing rates in middle income countries: a cross-country analysis.
Accident; analysis and prevention, 2014Co-Authors: Andres I. Vecino-ortiz, Ekaterina S. Slyunkina, Abdulgafoor M Bachani, David Bishai, Aruna Chandran, Kavi S. Bhalla, Shivam Gupta, Adnan A. HyderAbstract:In settings with low Seatbelt use prevalence, self-reported Seatbelt use estimates often lack validity, and routine observational studies are scarce. In this paper, we aim to describe the prevalence of Seatbelt use and associated factors in drivers and front-seat passengers across eight sites in four countries (Egypt, Mexico, Russia, Turkey) using observational studies as well as to produce estimates of country-level and site-level variance. As part of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Program, data on driver and passenger Seatbelt use across four middle-income countries was collected between October 2010 and May 2011 (n=122,931 vehicles). Logistic regression and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient analyses for sites- and country-level clustering were performed. We found high variability of Seatbelt wearing rates ranging from 4 to 72% in drivers and 3-50% in front-seat passengers. Overall, average Seatbelt wearing rates were low (under 60% in most sites). At the individual level, older and female drivers were more likely to wear Seatbelts, as well as drivers of vehicles transiting at times of increased vehicle flow. We also found that 26-32% and 37-41% of the variance in Seatbelt use among drivers and front-seat passengers respectively was explained by differences across sites and countries. Our results demonstrate that there is room for improvement on Seatbelt use in middle-income countries and that standardized cross-country studies on road safety risk factors are feasible, providing valuable information for prevention and monitoring activities. Language: en
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INCREASING Seatbelt USE AND POTENTIAL LIVES SAVED IN ONE REGION OF RUSSIA
Injury Prevention, 2012Co-Authors: V Klyavin, Ekaterina S. Slyunkina, Francesco Zambon, Adnan A. HyderAbstract:Background The use of Seatbelts is an important means of reducing the risk of death or serious injury; yet the Seatbelt use rate in Russia is not optimal. The Road Safety 10-Country (RS-10) Project, implemented social marketing campaigns and other interventions since November 2010 in Lipetskaya Oblast, Russia. Aims/Objectives/Purpose To evaluate the initial impact of these interventions in improving Seatbelt use and preventing deaths in the future. Methods Five rounds of observational studies were conducted on the use of Seatbelts in the Lipetskaya region during October 2010 and December 2011. Data were collected in six districts and three different road types, making a total of 18 sites in each round. We also predicted the number of deaths avoided through increased Seatbelt use among drivers and front seat passengers. Results In the baseline, a total of 26 897 vehicles and 41 921 drivers and passengers were observed, among which 56% of drivers, 58% front seat passengers, and only 7% of back seat passengers were observed to use Seatbelts. Since the implementation of the interventions, Seatbelt use has continuously increased: among drivers, it increased from 56% to 75%; among front seat passengers, it increased from 58% to 78% in December 2011. Our estimated number of lives saved among drivers and front seat passengers through increased Seatbelt use ranges between 18 and 23 deaths in 2011. Significance/Contribution to the Field This study at sub-national level in Russia shows initially promising effects of road safety interventions in improving Seatbelt use and preventing future deaths.
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the validity of self reported Seatbelt use in a country where levels of use are low
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2012Co-Authors: Turker Ozkan, Prasanthi Puvanachandra, Timo Lajunen, Connie Hoe, Adnan A. HyderAbstract:a b s t r a c t The validity of self-reported Seatbelt use among low belt use populations in low belt use countries has not been evaluated directly. Nine hundred and ninety drivers were recruited from shopping centers, car parks, and other suitable locations located in Afyon and Ankara cities of Turkey in order to compare the self-reported and observed Seatbelt usage rates. Data sets were collected simultaneously from the participants not being aware of having their Seatbelt use observed. Participants interviewed in Afyon (n = 301) and Ankara (n = 658) reported Seatbelt usage ("always using a Seatbelt") rates of 39% and 45%, respectively. When observed, however, only 47% in Afyon and 70% in Ankara of these drivers actually fasten their seat-belts. It seems that the drivers in both cities exaggerated their use seat belts considerably.
