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M G Rasul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of Second Generation Biodiesel on engine performance emissions energy and exergy parameters
2018Co-Authors: Md Nurun Nabi, M G RasulAbstract:Abstract The present study compares diesel engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters of three non-edible Biodiesels blends and a reference diesel. The three Biodiesel blends were prepared so as to keep the blend oxygen percentage at around 3.3 wt%. Considering the economy and availability, waste cooking and macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) Biodiesels were chosen for all the engine experiments. A commercial diesel was used as a reference fuel to compare the performance and emissions with those of the Biodiesel blends. To keep the oxygen percentage of the blends approximately the same as for the reference diesel, around 30% waste cooking Biodiesel was added to 70% reference diesel to make the first blend. Similarly, around 30% macadamia Biodiesel was mixed with 70% reference diesel to make the Second blend. In addition, 10% macadamia Biodiesel and 20% waste cooking Biodiesel were mixed with the 70% reference diesel to make the third blend with similar oxygen content. The macadamia blend is designated as MaD, the waste cooking blend is termed WcD, and the blend with macadamia and waste cooking Biodiesel is abbreviated as MaWcD. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the fuel-oxygen on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters. A well-instrumented, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, naturally aspirated direct injection (DI) diesel engine was used for the experiments. The engine was loaded and coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. Performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters for the three Biodiesel blends were compared with those of the reference diesel. Without significant reduction in engine performance, a significant reduction in total unburnt hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) emissions with a penalty of increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were realised with all three Biodiesel blends.
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Influence of Second Generation Biodiesel on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters
2018Co-Authors: Mn Nabi, M G RasulAbstract:Nabi, M ORCiD: 0000-0002-4087-930X; Rasul, M ORCiD: 0000-0001-8159-1321The present study compares diesel engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters of three non-edible Biodiesels blends and a reference diesel. The three Biodiesel blends were prepared so as to keep the blend oxygen percentage at around 3.3 wt%. Considering the economy and availability, waste cooking and macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) Biodiesels were chosen for all the engine experiments. A commercial diesel was used as a reference fuel to compare the performance and emissions with those of the Biodiesel blends. To keep the oxygen percentage of the blends approximately the same as for the reference diesel, around 30% waste cooking Biodiesel was added to 70% reference diesel to make the first blend. Similarly, around 30% macadamia Biodiesel was mixed with 70% reference diesel to make the Second blend. In addition, 10% macadamia Biodiesel and 20% waste cooking Biodiesel were mixed with the 70% reference diesel to make the third blend with similar oxygen content. The macadamia blend is designated as MaD, the waste cooking blend is termed WcD, and the blend with macadamia and waste cooking Biodiesel is abbreviated as MaWcD. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the fuel-oxygen on engine performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters. A well-instrumented, 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, naturally aspirated direct injection (DI) diesel engine was used for the experiments. The engine was loaded and coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. Performance, emissions, energy and exergy parameters for the three Biodiesel blends were compared with those of the reference diesel. Without significant reduction in engine performance, a significant reduction in total unburnt hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) emissions with a penalty of increased nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were realised with all three Biodiesel blends. © 2018 Elsevier LtdAssociated Grant:The current investigation was supported by funding from the Deputy Vice Chancellor Research (DVCR), Central Queensland University
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study on the tribological characteristics of australian native first Generation and Second Generation Biodiesel fuel
2017Co-Authors: M G Rasul, N. M. S. HassanAbstract:Biodiesels are a renewable energy source, and they have the potential to be used as alternatives to diesel fuel. The aim of this study is to investigate the wear and friction characteristics of Australian native first Generation and Second Generation Biodiesels using a four-ball tribo tester. The Biodiesel was produced through a two-step transesterification process and characterized according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The tribological experiment was carried out at a constant 1800 rpm and different loads and temperatures. In addition, the surface morphology of the ball was tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The test results indicated that Biodiesel fuels have a lower coefficient of frictions (COF) and lower wear scar diameter (WSD) up to 83.50% and 41.28%, respectively, compared to conventional diesel fuel. The worn surface area results showed that Biodiesel fuel has a minimum percentage of C and O, except Fe, compared to diesel. In addition, the worn surface area for diesel was found (2.20%–27.92%) to be higher than Biodiesel. The findings of this study indicated that both first and Second Generation Biodiesel fuels have better tribological performance than diesel fuel, and between the Biodiesel fuels, macadamia Biodiesel showed better lubrication performance.
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Effect of small proportion of butanol additive on the performance, emission, and combustion of Australian native first- and Second-Generation Biodiesel in a diesel engine
2017Co-Authors: Mm Rahman, M G Rasul, A K Azad, Hassan Nms, Mn UddinAbstract:This paper aims to investigate the effect of the addition of 5% alcohol (butanol) with Biodiesel-diesel blends on the performance, emissions, and combustion of a naturally aspirated four stroke multi-cylinder diesel engine at different engine speeds (1200 to 2400 rpm) under full load conditions. Three types of local Australian Biodiesel, namely macadamia Biodiesel (MB), rice bran Biodiesel (RB), and waste cooking oil Biodiesel (WCB), were used for this study, and the data was compared with results for conventional diesel fuel (B0). Performance results showed that the addition of butanol with diesel-Biodiesel blends slightly lowers the engine efficiency. The emission study revealed that the addition of butanol additive with diesel-Biodiesel blends lowers the exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) emissions whereas it increases hydrocarbon (HC) emissions compared to B0. The combustion results indicated that in-cylinder pressure (CP) for additive added fuel is higher (0.45–1.49%), while heat release rate (HRR) was lower (2.60–9.10%) than for B0. Also, additive added fuel lowers the ignition delay (ID) by 23–30% than for B0. Finally, it can be recommended that the addition of 5% butanol with Australian Biodiesel-diesel blends can significantly lower the NOx and PM emissions. © 2017 Springer-Verlag GmbH GermanyAssociated Grant:This work was conducted under the International Postgraduate Research Award (IPRA) Scholarship funded by the Central Queensland University, Australia
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physio chemical assessment of beauty leaf calophyllum inophyllum as Second Generation Biodiesel feedstock
2015Co-Authors: M I Jahirul, Wijitha Senadeera, Nanjappa Ashwath, M G Rasul, Richard J Brown, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Farhad M Hossain, Lalehvash Moghaddam, Muhammad Aminul Islam, Ian M OharaAbstract:Recently, Second-Generation (non-vegetable oil) feedstocks for Biodiesel production are receiving significant attention due to the cost and social effects connected with utilising food products for the production of energy products. The Beauty leaf tree (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a potential source of non-edible oil for producing Second-Generation Biodiesel because of its suitability for production in an extensive variety of atmospheric condition, easy cultivation, high fruit production rate, and the high oil content in the seed. In this study, oil was extracted from Beauty leaf tree seeds through three different oil extraction methods. The important physical and chemical properties of these extracted Beauty leaf oils were experimentally analysed and compared with other commercially available vegetable oils. Biodiesel was produced using a two-stage esterification process combining of an acid catalysed pre-esterification process and an alkali catalysed transesterification process. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles and important physicochemical properties were experimentally measured and estimated using equations based on the FAME analysis. The quality of Beauty leaf Biodiesels was assessed and compared with commercially available Biodiesels through multivariate data analysis using PROMETHEE-GAIA software. The results show that mechanical extraction using a screw press produces oil at a low cost, however, results in low oil yields compared with chemical oil extraction. High pressure and temperature in the extraction process increase oil extraction performance. On the contrary, this process increases the free fatty acid content in the oil. A clear difference was found in the physical properties of Beauty leaf oils, which eventually affected the oil to Biodiesel conversion process. However, Beauty leaf oils methyl esters (Biodiesel) were very consistent physicochemical properties and able to meet almost all indicators of Biodiesel standards. Overall this study found that Beauty leaf is a suitable feedstock for producing Second-Generation Biodiesel in commercial scale. Therefore, the findings of this study are expected to serve as the basis for further development of Beauty leaf as a feedstock for industrial scale Second-Generation Biodiesel production.
Antonio A Romero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biofuel that keeps glycerol as monoglyceride by 1 3 selective ethanolysis with pig pancreatic lipase covalently immobilized on alpo4 support
2013Co-Authors: Carlos Luna, Cristobal Verdugo, D Luna, Alejandro Posadillo, Enrique D Sancho, F M Bautista, Veronica Caballero, Juan Calero, Antonio A RomeroAbstract:By using pig pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3 or PPL) as a biocatalyst, covalently immobilized on amorphous AlPO 4 support, a new Second Generation Biodiesel was obtained in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol. The resulting biofuel is composed of fatty acid ethyl esters and monoglycerides (FAEE/MG) blended in a 2:1 molar ratio. This novel product, which integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols (MG) into the biofuels composition, has similar physicochemical properties as conventional Biodiesel and also avoids the removal step of the by-product by washing of the Biodiesel with water. Immobilization of PPL was achieved by covalent attachment of the e -amino group of the lysine residues of PPL with the aldehyde groups of p -hydroxybenzaldehyde linked on a hybrid organic-inorganic functionalized AlPO 4 surface. With this procedure, the PPL biocatalyst was strongly fixed to the inorganic support surface (94.3%). Nevertheless, the efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was relatively lower compared to that of the free PPL, but it showed a remarkable stability as well as a great capacity of reutilization (25 reuses) without a significant loss of its initial catalytic activity. Therefore, this enzymatic method allows the production of a Biodiesel which integrates the glycerol, allows a more efficient fabrication method and minimizes the waste production as compared to the conventional alkali-catalyzed process.
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new biofuel integrating glycerol into its composition through the use of covalent immobilized pig pancreatic lipase
2012Co-Authors: D Luna, Cristobal Verdugo, Alejandro Posadillo, Enrique D Sancho, F M Bautista, Antonio A Romero, Veronica Caballero, Carlos Luna, Juan CaleroAbstract:By using 1,3-specific Pig Pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3 or PPL), covalently immobilized on AlPO4/Sepiolite support as biocatalyst, a new Second-Generation Biodiesel was obtained in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol and other alcohols of low molecular weight. The resulting biofuel is composed of fatty acid ethyl esters and monoglycerides (FAEE/MG) blended in a molar relation 2/1. This novel product, which integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols (MG) into the biofuel composition, has similar physicochemical properties compared to those of conventional Biodiesel and also avoids the removal step of this by-product. The biocatalyst was found to be strongly fixed to the inorganic support (75%). Nevertheless, the efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was reduced to half (49.1%) compared to that of the free PPL. The immobilized enzyme showed a remarkable stability as well as a great reusability (more than 40 successive reuses) without a significant loss of its initial catalytic activity. Immobilized and free enzymes exhibited different reaction mechanisms, according to the different results in the Arrhenius parameters (Ln A and Ea). However, the use of supported PPL was found to be very suitable for the repetitive production of biofuel due to its facile recyclability from the reaction mixture.
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production of a new Second Generation Biodiesel with a low cost lipase derived from thermomyces lanuginosus optimization by response surface methodology
2011Co-Authors: Cristobal Verdugo, D Luna, Alejandro Posadillo, Enrique D Sancho, Salvador Rodriguez, F M Bautista, Rafael Luque, J M Marinas, Antonio A RomeroAbstract:Abstract Biodiesel production has received considerable attention in the recent years as biodegradable and non-polluting fuel. In this work, an inexpensive purified 1,3-specific lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipopan 50 BG from Novozymes AS, Denmark) was utilised as biocatalyst in an alternative approach to obtain a novel Second Generation Biodiesel-like biofuel. This novel product, which integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols (MG) into the biofuels composition, can avoid the removal step/s of such byproduct, mandatory in the production of conventional Biodiesel. A multi-factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to evaluate the effects of several conditions (temperature, molar ratio of ethanol to oil and pH) on the conversion of sunflower oil into a blend of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE), MG and diacylglycerols (DG). The effects of water content and concentration of lipase on conversion into FAEE and MG were also studied. Results obtained indicate that pH, molar ratio of ethanol to oil and water content were significant factors influencing the conversion in the systems under the investigated conditions. Low temperatures (20 °C), high pH values (close to 12), and an oil/ethanol volume ratios of 3.4/1 were found to be the key controlling parameters which provide optimised results after 1 h reaction (conversions around 70%; kinematic viscosities about 8.5 mm 2 s −1 ).
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Biodiesel as feasible petrol fuel replacement a multidisciplinary overview
2010Co-Authors: Rafael Luque, Joy S Clancy, Jon C Lovett, Bipasa Datta, J M Campelo, Antonio A RomeroAbstract:Biodiesel is a sustainable, non-toxic, biodegradable diesel fuel substitute that can be employed in current diesel car infrastructure without major modifications in the engines. It has a significant added value compared to petroleum-based diesel, reflected in a series of improved properties including fewer carcinogenic particulate matter emissions, increased lubricity and biodegradability as well as ease of handling, transport and storage. Nevertheless, it is essential that the Biodiesel life-cycle is environmentally sustainable, economically viable, and socially acceptable; views that can only be properly analysed by means of a multi-angle approach. In this contribution, we aim to provide a multidisciplinary perspective on key issues for the successful implementation of Biodiesel as a petrol fuel replacement including green chemistry methods to improve production and quality, the use of energy crops and feedstocks for Second-Generation Biodiesel as well as socio-economic studies and the importance of governmental regulatory issues.
Nanjappa Ashwath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method
2018Co-Authors: Mohammad Anwar, Nanjappa Ashwath, Mohammad. Rasul, RahmanAbstract:In this study, the production process of Second-Generation Biodiesel from Australian native stone fruit have been optimised using response surface methodology via an alkali catalysed transesterification process. This process optimisation was performed varying three factors, each at three different levels. Methanol: oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration (wt %) and reaction temperature were the input factors in the optimisation process, while Biodiesel yield was the key model output. Both 3D surface plots and 2D contour plots were developed using MINITAB 18 to predict optimum Biodiesel yield. Gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the resulting Biodiesel was also done for Biodiesel characterisation. To predict Biodiesel yield a quadratic model was created and it showed an R 2 of 0.98 indicating the satisfactory performance of the model. Maximum Biodiesel yield of 95.8% was obtained at a methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt % and a reaction temperature of 55 °C. At these reaction conditions, the predicted Biodiesel yield was 95.9%. These results demonstrate reliable prediction of the transesterification process by Response surface methodology (RSM). The results also show that the properties of the synthesised Australian native stone fruit Biodiesel satisfactorily meet the ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. In addition, the fuel properties of Australian native stone fruit Biodiesel were found to be similar to those of conventional diesel fuel. Thus, it can be said that Australian native stone fruit seed oil could be used as a potential Second-Generation Biodiesel source as well as an alternative fuel in diesel engines.
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physio chemical assessment of beauty leaf calophyllum inophyllum as Second Generation Biodiesel feedstock
2015Co-Authors: M I Jahirul, Wijitha Senadeera, Nanjappa Ashwath, M G Rasul, Richard J Brown, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Farhad M Hossain, Lalehvash Moghaddam, Muhammad Aminul Islam, Ian M OharaAbstract:Recently, Second-Generation (non-vegetable oil) feedstocks for Biodiesel production are receiving significant attention due to the cost and social effects connected with utilising food products for the production of energy products. The Beauty leaf tree (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a potential source of non-edible oil for producing Second-Generation Biodiesel because of its suitability for production in an extensive variety of atmospheric condition, easy cultivation, high fruit production rate, and the high oil content in the seed. In this study, oil was extracted from Beauty leaf tree seeds through three different oil extraction methods. The important physical and chemical properties of these extracted Beauty leaf oils were experimentally analysed and compared with other commercially available vegetable oils. Biodiesel was produced using a two-stage esterification process combining of an acid catalysed pre-esterification process and an alkali catalysed transesterification process. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles and important physicochemical properties were experimentally measured and estimated using equations based on the FAME analysis. The quality of Beauty leaf Biodiesels was assessed and compared with commercially available Biodiesels through multivariate data analysis using PROMETHEE-GAIA software. The results show that mechanical extraction using a screw press produces oil at a low cost, however, results in low oil yields compared with chemical oil extraction. High pressure and temperature in the extraction process increase oil extraction performance. On the contrary, this process increases the free fatty acid content in the oil. A clear difference was found in the physical properties of Beauty leaf oils, which eventually affected the oil to Biodiesel conversion process. However, Beauty leaf oils methyl esters (Biodiesel) were very consistent physicochemical properties and able to meet almost all indicators of Biodiesel standards. Overall this study found that Beauty leaf is a suitable feedstock for producing Second-Generation Biodiesel in commercial scale. Therefore, the findings of this study are expected to serve as the basis for further development of Beauty leaf as a feedstock for industrial scale Second-Generation Biodiesel production.
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Second Generation Biodiesel potential alternative to edible oil derived Biodiesel
2014Co-Authors: M. M.k. Bhuiya, Nanjappa Ashwath, M G Rasul, M M K Khan, A K Azad, M A HazratAbstract:Abstract The extensive use of fossil fuels is depleting its reserve and produces harmful emission causing environmental issues. Hence, considerable attention has been given to alternative sources such as Biodiesel. Currently, Biodiesel is mainly produced from conventionally grown edible oil plants thus leading to a competition of usage of food versus fuel. The increasing criticism of the sustainability of first Generation Biodiesels (those derived from edible oils) has raised attention to the use of so-called Second and third Generation Biodiesels. The Second Generation Biodiesel includes non-edible vegetable oils, waste cooking oils as well as animal fats. These are considered as promising substitute for traditional edible food crops as they neither compete with food crops nor lead to land-clearing. This study introduces Second Generation Biodiesel to be used as Biodiesel feedstocks. Several aspects of these feedstocks are reviewed and discussed in this paper. These aspects include different sources of Biodiesel feedstocks, Biodiesel conversion technology and performance and emission characteristics of Second Generation Biodiesel.
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optimisation of bio oil extraction process from beauty leaf calophyllum inophyllum oil seed as a Second Generation Biodiesel source
2013Co-Authors: M I Jahirul, J R Brown, Wijitha Senadeera, Nanjappa Ashwath, C Laing, J Leskitaylor, M G RasulAbstract:Abstract The Beauty Leaf tree (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a potential source of non-edible vegetable oil for producing future Generation Biodiesel because of its ability to grow in a wide range of climate conditions, easy cultivation, high fruit production rate, and the high oil content in the seed. This plant naturally occurs in the coastal areas of Queensland and the Northern Territory in Australia, and is also widespread in south-east Asia, India and Sri Lanka. Although Beauty Leaf is traditionally used as a source of timber and orientation plant, its potential as a source of Second Generation Biodiesel is yet to be exploited. In this study, the extraction process from the Beauty Leaf oil seed has been optimised in terms of seed preparation, moisture content and oil extraction methods. The two methods that have been considered to extract oil from the seed kernel are mechanical oil extraction using an electric powered screw press, and chemical oil extraction using n- hexane as an oil solvent. The study found that seed preparation has a significant impact on oil yields, especially in the screw press extraction method. Kernels prepared to 15% moisture content provided the highest oil yields for both extraction methods. Mechanical extraction using the screw press can produce oil from correctly prepared product at a low cost, however overall this method is ineffective with relatively low oil yields. Chemical extraction was found to be a very effective method for oil extraction for its consistence performance and high oil yield, but cost of production was relatively higher due to the high cost of solvent. However, a solvent recycle system can be implemented to reduce the production cost of Beauty Leaf Biodiesel. The findings of this study are expected to serve as the basis from which industrial scale Biodiesel production from Beauty Leaf can be made.
D Luna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biofuel that keeps glycerol as monoglyceride by 1 3 selective ethanolysis with pig pancreatic lipase covalently immobilized on alpo4 support
2013Co-Authors: Carlos Luna, Cristobal Verdugo, D Luna, Alejandro Posadillo, Enrique D Sancho, F M Bautista, Veronica Caballero, Juan Calero, Antonio A RomeroAbstract:By using pig pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3 or PPL) as a biocatalyst, covalently immobilized on amorphous AlPO 4 support, a new Second Generation Biodiesel was obtained in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol. The resulting biofuel is composed of fatty acid ethyl esters and monoglycerides (FAEE/MG) blended in a 2:1 molar ratio. This novel product, which integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols (MG) into the biofuels composition, has similar physicochemical properties as conventional Biodiesel and also avoids the removal step of the by-product by washing of the Biodiesel with water. Immobilization of PPL was achieved by covalent attachment of the e -amino group of the lysine residues of PPL with the aldehyde groups of p -hydroxybenzaldehyde linked on a hybrid organic-inorganic functionalized AlPO 4 surface. With this procedure, the PPL biocatalyst was strongly fixed to the inorganic support surface (94.3%). Nevertheless, the efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was relatively lower compared to that of the free PPL, but it showed a remarkable stability as well as a great capacity of reutilization (25 reuses) without a significant loss of its initial catalytic activity. Therefore, this enzymatic method allows the production of a Biodiesel which integrates the glycerol, allows a more efficient fabrication method and minimizes the waste production as compared to the conventional alkali-catalyzed process.
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new biofuel integrating glycerol into its composition through the use of covalent immobilized pig pancreatic lipase
2012Co-Authors: D Luna, Cristobal Verdugo, Alejandro Posadillo, Enrique D Sancho, F M Bautista, Antonio A Romero, Veronica Caballero, Carlos Luna, Juan CaleroAbstract:By using 1,3-specific Pig Pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3 or PPL), covalently immobilized on AlPO4/Sepiolite support as biocatalyst, a new Second-Generation Biodiesel was obtained in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol and other alcohols of low molecular weight. The resulting biofuel is composed of fatty acid ethyl esters and monoglycerides (FAEE/MG) blended in a molar relation 2/1. This novel product, which integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols (MG) into the biofuel composition, has similar physicochemical properties compared to those of conventional Biodiesel and also avoids the removal step of this by-product. The biocatalyst was found to be strongly fixed to the inorganic support (75%). Nevertheless, the efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was reduced to half (49.1%) compared to that of the free PPL. The immobilized enzyme showed a remarkable stability as well as a great reusability (more than 40 successive reuses) without a significant loss of its initial catalytic activity. Immobilized and free enzymes exhibited different reaction mechanisms, according to the different results in the Arrhenius parameters (Ln A and Ea). However, the use of supported PPL was found to be very suitable for the repetitive production of biofuel due to its facile recyclability from the reaction mixture.
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production of a new Second Generation Biodiesel with a low cost lipase derived from thermomyces lanuginosus optimization by response surface methodology
2011Co-Authors: Cristobal Verdugo, D Luna, Alejandro Posadillo, Enrique D Sancho, Salvador Rodriguez, F M Bautista, Rafael Luque, J M Marinas, Antonio A RomeroAbstract:Abstract Biodiesel production has received considerable attention in the recent years as biodegradable and non-polluting fuel. In this work, an inexpensive purified 1,3-specific lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipopan 50 BG from Novozymes AS, Denmark) was utilised as biocatalyst in an alternative approach to obtain a novel Second Generation Biodiesel-like biofuel. This novel product, which integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols (MG) into the biofuels composition, can avoid the removal step/s of such byproduct, mandatory in the production of conventional Biodiesel. A multi-factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to evaluate the effects of several conditions (temperature, molar ratio of ethanol to oil and pH) on the conversion of sunflower oil into a blend of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE), MG and diacylglycerols (DG). The effects of water content and concentration of lipase on conversion into FAEE and MG were also studied. Results obtained indicate that pH, molar ratio of ethanol to oil and water content were significant factors influencing the conversion in the systems under the investigated conditions. Low temperatures (20 °C), high pH values (close to 12), and an oil/ethanol volume ratios of 3.4/1 were found to be the key controlling parameters which provide optimised results after 1 h reaction (conversions around 70%; kinematic viscosities about 8.5 mm 2 s −1 ).
Rahman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method
2018Co-Authors: Mohammad Anwar, Nanjappa Ashwath, Mohammad. Rasul, RahmanAbstract:In this study, the production process of Second-Generation Biodiesel from Australian native stone fruit have been optimised using response surface methodology via an alkali catalysed transesterification process. This process optimisation was performed varying three factors, each at three different levels. Methanol: oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration (wt %) and reaction temperature were the input factors in the optimisation process, while Biodiesel yield was the key model output. Both 3D surface plots and 2D contour plots were developed using MINITAB 18 to predict optimum Biodiesel yield. Gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the resulting Biodiesel was also done for Biodiesel characterisation. To predict Biodiesel yield a quadratic model was created and it showed an R 2 of 0.98 indicating the satisfactory performance of the model. Maximum Biodiesel yield of 95.8% was obtained at a methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt % and a reaction temperature of 55 °C. At these reaction conditions, the predicted Biodiesel yield was 95.9%. These results demonstrate reliable prediction of the transesterification process by Response surface methodology (RSM). The results also show that the properties of the synthesised Australian native stone fruit Biodiesel satisfactorily meet the ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards. In addition, the fuel properties of Australian native stone fruit Biodiesel were found to be similar to those of conventional diesel fuel. Thus, it can be said that Australian native stone fruit seed oil could be used as a potential Second-Generation Biodiesel source as well as an alternative fuel in diesel engines.