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Ming Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Duration of farming is an indicator of natural restoration potential of Sedge meadows
Scientific reports, 2017Co-Authors: Guodong Wang, Ming Wang, Ming JiangAbstract:Soil seed banks can be important components of ecological restoration, particularly if the species remain viable in the soil for long periods of time. A germination experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to determine seed bank viability based on length of time farmed. Soils from Sedge meadows farmed between 0 and 50 years were collected in Sanjiang Plain, China. Most dominant Sedges (e.g., Carex schmidtii, C. lasiocarpa) and grasses (e.g. Calamagrostis angustifolia) survived as seeds if farmed for less than 5 years, therefore fields farmed for short periods of time are the best candidates for wetland restoration. Certain important structural components (tussock-forming Carex spp.) are not retained in seed banks when farmed for 6-15 years, but the seed banks still contained viable seeds of other important Sedge meadow species, which could contribute to the restoration of wetland communities. However, most Sedge meadow species were missing in fields farmed for more than 16 years, which make these fields difficult to restore via natural recolonization. We conclude that the duration of farming can be used as a general indicator of the potential of natural restoration for Sedge meadows. This information could be used to determine which wetlands might be targeted for restoration.
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effects of farming on the soil seed banks and wetland restoration potential in sanjiang plain northeastern china
Ecological Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Guodong Wang, Ming Wang, Xianguo Lu, Ming JiangAbstract:Abstract Seed bank is an important source of regenerative material in wetlands, and can be of value in the restoration of farmed wetlands if the seeds can survive periods of cultivation. A seed bank assay of soils from Sedge meadows was conducted to determine the extent to which seeds are maintained during farming for various lengths of time. Soils from natural Sedge meadows, soybean fields and paddy fields farmed for 1–30 years were collected in Sanjiang Plain, northeastern China. Soils were placed in a glasshouse setting in freely drained condition. We found that species richness and seed density in Sedge meadows were higher than in soybean and paddy fields. There were significantly negative effects of the length of time of farming on the seed bank in soybean fields. Important wetland species survived cultivation as seeds within 10 years (e.g., Calamagrostis angustifolia and Polygonum amphibium), but most Sedge meadow species disappeared when farmed for more than 10 years in soybean fields. Species richness and seed densities of species kept in a very low level in paddy fields farmed for various periods. Key structural dominants Carex species maintained with low seeds in natural wetlands and soybean fields farmed for 1–5 years, and tussock-forming Carex (e.g., Carex appendiculata and Carex meyeriana) were all absent in farmed fields. The structure of the seed bank was related to environmental factors including latitude, number of years farmed and field water depth as based on Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis. Critical components of the vegetation are not maintained in seed banks, which may make these floodplain wetlands difficult to restore via natural recolonization. To re-establish the structure imposed by tussock Sedges, specific technologies (e.g., planting, hydrochory) might be developed to encourage the development of tussocks.
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Restoration Potential of Sedge Meadows in Hand-Cultivated Soybean Fields in Northeastern China
Restoration Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Guodong Wang, Beth A. Middleton, Ming JiangAbstract:Sedge meadows can be difficult to restore from farmed fields if key structural dominants are missing from propagule banks. In hand-cultivated soybean fields in northeastern China, we asked if tussock-forming Carex and other wetland species were present as seed or asexual propagules. In the Sanjiang Plain, China, we compared the seed banks, vegetative propagules (below-ground) and standing vegetation of natural and restored Sedge meadows, and hand-cultivated soybean fields in drained and flooded conditions. We found that important wetland species survived cultivation as seeds for some time (e.g. Calamogrostis angustifolia and Potamogeton crispus) and as field weeds (e.g. C. angustifolia and Phragmites australis). Key structural species were missing in these fields, for example, Carex meyeriana. We also observed that Sedge meadows restored without planting or seeding lacked tussock-forming Sedges. The structure of the seed bank was related to experimental water regime, and field environments of tussock height, thatch depth, and presence of burning as based on Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling analysis. To re-establish the structure imposed by tussock Sedges, specific technologies might be developed to encourage the development of tussocks in restored Sedge meadows.
P. Shanmughavel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mycorrhiza in Sedges—an overview
Mycorrhiza, 2004Co-Authors: T. Muthukumar, K. Udaiyan, P. ShanmughavelAbstract:Most terrestrial plants associate with root-colonising mycorrhizal fungi, which improve the fitness of both the fungal and plant associates. However, exceptions exist both between and within plant families failing to associate with mycorrhizal fungi or in the incidence and the extent of mycotrophy, which may vary greatly. Sedges are important pioneers of disturbed habitats and often dominate vegetations like wetlands, and arctic and alpine vegetations, in which the mycorrhizal inoculum in the soil is often low or absent. In the past, Sedges were often designated as non-mycorrhizal, though limited reports indicated the presence of mycorrhiza in certain species. However, studies since 1987 indicate widespread occurrence of mycorrhiza in Sedges. Based on these studies, the family Cyperaceae is no longer a non-mycorrhizal family, but the mycorrhizal status of its members is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Further, Sedges appear to have several morphological adaptations to thrive in the absence of mycorrhizal association. Though mycorrhizal associations have been noted in many Sedge species, the ecological role of this association is not well documented and no clear generalisation can be drawn. Similarly, the role of mycorrhizal fungi on Sedge growth and nutrient uptake or non-nutritional benefits has yet to be fully ascertained. This paper reviews the current information available on the incidence of mycorrhiza in Sedges and the possible reasons for low mycotrophy observed in this family.
Guodong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Duration of farming is an indicator of natural restoration potential of Sedge meadows
Scientific reports, 2017Co-Authors: Guodong Wang, Ming Wang, Ming JiangAbstract:Soil seed banks can be important components of ecological restoration, particularly if the species remain viable in the soil for long periods of time. A germination experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to determine seed bank viability based on length of time farmed. Soils from Sedge meadows farmed between 0 and 50 years were collected in Sanjiang Plain, China. Most dominant Sedges (e.g., Carex schmidtii, C. lasiocarpa) and grasses (e.g. Calamagrostis angustifolia) survived as seeds if farmed for less than 5 years, therefore fields farmed for short periods of time are the best candidates for wetland restoration. Certain important structural components (tussock-forming Carex spp.) are not retained in seed banks when farmed for 6-15 years, but the seed banks still contained viable seeds of other important Sedge meadow species, which could contribute to the restoration of wetland communities. However, most Sedge meadow species were missing in fields farmed for more than 16 years, which make these fields difficult to restore via natural recolonization. We conclude that the duration of farming can be used as a general indicator of the potential of natural restoration for Sedge meadows. This information could be used to determine which wetlands might be targeted for restoration.
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effects of farming on the soil seed banks and wetland restoration potential in sanjiang plain northeastern china
Ecological Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Guodong Wang, Ming Wang, Xianguo Lu, Ming JiangAbstract:Abstract Seed bank is an important source of regenerative material in wetlands, and can be of value in the restoration of farmed wetlands if the seeds can survive periods of cultivation. A seed bank assay of soils from Sedge meadows was conducted to determine the extent to which seeds are maintained during farming for various lengths of time. Soils from natural Sedge meadows, soybean fields and paddy fields farmed for 1–30 years were collected in Sanjiang Plain, northeastern China. Soils were placed in a glasshouse setting in freely drained condition. We found that species richness and seed density in Sedge meadows were higher than in soybean and paddy fields. There were significantly negative effects of the length of time of farming on the seed bank in soybean fields. Important wetland species survived cultivation as seeds within 10 years (e.g., Calamagrostis angustifolia and Polygonum amphibium), but most Sedge meadow species disappeared when farmed for more than 10 years in soybean fields. Species richness and seed densities of species kept in a very low level in paddy fields farmed for various periods. Key structural dominants Carex species maintained with low seeds in natural wetlands and soybean fields farmed for 1–5 years, and tussock-forming Carex (e.g., Carex appendiculata and Carex meyeriana) were all absent in farmed fields. The structure of the seed bank was related to environmental factors including latitude, number of years farmed and field water depth as based on Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis. Critical components of the vegetation are not maintained in seed banks, which may make these floodplain wetlands difficult to restore via natural recolonization. To re-establish the structure imposed by tussock Sedges, specific technologies (e.g., planting, hydrochory) might be developed to encourage the development of tussocks.
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Restoration Potential of Sedge Meadows in Hand-Cultivated Soybean Fields in Northeastern China
Restoration Ecology, 2013Co-Authors: Guodong Wang, Beth A. Middleton, Ming JiangAbstract:Sedge meadows can be difficult to restore from farmed fields if key structural dominants are missing from propagule banks. In hand-cultivated soybean fields in northeastern China, we asked if tussock-forming Carex and other wetland species were present as seed or asexual propagules. In the Sanjiang Plain, China, we compared the seed banks, vegetative propagules (below-ground) and standing vegetation of natural and restored Sedge meadows, and hand-cultivated soybean fields in drained and flooded conditions. We found that important wetland species survived cultivation as seeds for some time (e.g. Calamogrostis angustifolia and Potamogeton crispus) and as field weeds (e.g. C. angustifolia and Phragmites australis). Key structural species were missing in these fields, for example, Carex meyeriana. We also observed that Sedge meadows restored without planting or seeding lacked tussock-forming Sedges. The structure of the seed bank was related to experimental water regime, and field environments of tussock height, thatch depth, and presence of burning as based on Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling analysis. To re-establish the structure imposed by tussock Sedges, specific technologies might be developed to encourage the development of tussocks in restored Sedge meadows.
K. Udaiyan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mycorrhiza in Sedges—an overview
Mycorrhiza, 2004Co-Authors: T. Muthukumar, K. Udaiyan, P. ShanmughavelAbstract:Most terrestrial plants associate with root-colonising mycorrhizal fungi, which improve the fitness of both the fungal and plant associates. However, exceptions exist both between and within plant families failing to associate with mycorrhizal fungi or in the incidence and the extent of mycotrophy, which may vary greatly. Sedges are important pioneers of disturbed habitats and often dominate vegetations like wetlands, and arctic and alpine vegetations, in which the mycorrhizal inoculum in the soil is often low or absent. In the past, Sedges were often designated as non-mycorrhizal, though limited reports indicated the presence of mycorrhiza in certain species. However, studies since 1987 indicate widespread occurrence of mycorrhiza in Sedges. Based on these studies, the family Cyperaceae is no longer a non-mycorrhizal family, but the mycorrhizal status of its members is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Further, Sedges appear to have several morphological adaptations to thrive in the absence of mycorrhizal association. Though mycorrhizal associations have been noted in many Sedge species, the ecological role of this association is not well documented and no clear generalisation can be drawn. Similarly, the role of mycorrhizal fungi on Sedge growth and nutrient uptake or non-nutritional benefits has yet to be fully ascertained. This paper reviews the current information available on the incidence of mycorrhiza in Sedges and the possible reasons for low mycotrophy observed in this family.
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Seasonality of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in Sedges in a semi-arid tropical grassland
Acta Oecologica, 2002Co-Authors: Thangavelu Muthukumar, K. UdaiyanAbstract:Abstract Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) colonization and spore numbers in the rhizosphere of Cyperus iria L. and C . rotundus L., growing in a semi-arid tropical grassland, was studied during the 1993 and 1994 monsoons. In addition, climatic and chemical properties of the soils were determined in order to investigate their influence on mycorrhizal variables. VAM fungal association in the Sedges was confirmed by plant- and root-trap culture techniques. The soil nutrients exhibited seasonal variations, but were highly variable between years. Intercellular hyphae and vesicles with occasional intraradical spores characterized mycorrhizal association in Sedges. Dark septate fungi also colonized roots of Sedges. Temporal variations in mycorrhizal colonization and spore numbers occurred, indicating seasonality. However, the patterns of mycorrhizal colonization and spore numbers were different during both the years. The VAM fungal structures observed were intercellular hyphae and vesicles. Changes in the proportion of root length with VAM structures, total colonization levels and spore numbers were related to climatic and edaphic factors. However, the intensity of influence of climatic and soil factors on VAM tended to vary with Sedge species.
Ming Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Duration of farming is an indicator of natural restoration potential of Sedge meadows
Scientific reports, 2017Co-Authors: Guodong Wang, Ming Wang, Ming JiangAbstract:Soil seed banks can be important components of ecological restoration, particularly if the species remain viable in the soil for long periods of time. A germination experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to determine seed bank viability based on length of time farmed. Soils from Sedge meadows farmed between 0 and 50 years were collected in Sanjiang Plain, China. Most dominant Sedges (e.g., Carex schmidtii, C. lasiocarpa) and grasses (e.g. Calamagrostis angustifolia) survived as seeds if farmed for less than 5 years, therefore fields farmed for short periods of time are the best candidates for wetland restoration. Certain important structural components (tussock-forming Carex spp.) are not retained in seed banks when farmed for 6-15 years, but the seed banks still contained viable seeds of other important Sedge meadow species, which could contribute to the restoration of wetland communities. However, most Sedge meadow species were missing in fields farmed for more than 16 years, which make these fields difficult to restore via natural recolonization. We conclude that the duration of farming can be used as a general indicator of the potential of natural restoration for Sedge meadows. This information could be used to determine which wetlands might be targeted for restoration.
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effects of farming on the soil seed banks and wetland restoration potential in sanjiang plain northeastern china
Ecological Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Guodong Wang, Ming Wang, Xianguo Lu, Ming JiangAbstract:Abstract Seed bank is an important source of regenerative material in wetlands, and can be of value in the restoration of farmed wetlands if the seeds can survive periods of cultivation. A seed bank assay of soils from Sedge meadows was conducted to determine the extent to which seeds are maintained during farming for various lengths of time. Soils from natural Sedge meadows, soybean fields and paddy fields farmed for 1–30 years were collected in Sanjiang Plain, northeastern China. Soils were placed in a glasshouse setting in freely drained condition. We found that species richness and seed density in Sedge meadows were higher than in soybean and paddy fields. There were significantly negative effects of the length of time of farming on the seed bank in soybean fields. Important wetland species survived cultivation as seeds within 10 years (e.g., Calamagrostis angustifolia and Polygonum amphibium), but most Sedge meadow species disappeared when farmed for more than 10 years in soybean fields. Species richness and seed densities of species kept in a very low level in paddy fields farmed for various periods. Key structural dominants Carex species maintained with low seeds in natural wetlands and soybean fields farmed for 1–5 years, and tussock-forming Carex (e.g., Carex appendiculata and Carex meyeriana) were all absent in farmed fields. The structure of the seed bank was related to environmental factors including latitude, number of years farmed and field water depth as based on Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis. Critical components of the vegetation are not maintained in seed banks, which may make these floodplain wetlands difficult to restore via natural recolonization. To re-establish the structure imposed by tussock Sedges, specific technologies (e.g., planting, hydrochory) might be developed to encourage the development of tussocks.
