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Leónie Bentsink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DOG Loci Revealed after EPPO Accelerated Seed Dormancy Release
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2018Co-Authors: Gonda Buijs, Jan Kodde, Steven P. C. Groot, Leónie BentsinkAbstract:Seed Dormancy determines the timing of Seed germination. It may be released by dry storage, also referred to as after-ripening. Studies on Dormancy release mechanisms are often hampered by the long after-ripening requirements of Seeds. After-ripening is thought to be mainly caused by oxidative processes during Seed dry storage. These oxidative processes are also the main cause of Seed ageing. Increasing partial oxygen pressure through the EPPO (Elevated Partial Pressure of Oxygen) system, has been shown to mimic and accelerate dry Seed ageing. Here, we have investigated whether the EPPO system may also release primary Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana. EPPO mimics dry after-ripening at the genetic level, as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping after EPPO treatment identifies the DELAY OF GERMINATION loci DOG1, DOG2 and DOG6 that were first described in a study using dry after-ripening to release Seed Dormancy. Besides after-ripening, cold stratification is a common method to break Dormancy. QTL analysis after cold stratification shows that Dormancy release by cold stratification partly overlaps with Dormancy release by after-ripening and EPPO treatment. We conclude that EPPO is an appropriate method to mimic and accelerate Dormancy release and, as such, may have applications in both research and industry.
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Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation - Seed Dormancy, Longevity and Their Adaptation
Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation, 2015Co-Authors: Thu Phuong Nguyen, Leónie BentsinkAbstract:Seed Dormancy and Seed longevity are two important Seed characteristics. Together these two traits determine the total Seed life span, that is, the total time that Seeds can remain viable, from Seed dispersal until germination. Seed Dormancy and Seed longevity are induced during Seed development. Seed Dormancy is affected by both endogenous and exogenous factors such as plant hormones and the environment. Two well-known plant hormones that regulate Seed Dormancy are abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA). There is great genetic variation in Seed Dormancy and Seed longevity; most of it is present as induced variation resulting from many mutagenesis experiments that have been performed in Arabidopsis. This chapter presents three possible hypotheses to explain the negative correlation (trade-off) between Seed Dormancy and Seed longevity. It concludes that Seed Dormancy and longevity are very complex traits, which are under the regulation of a large number of genes.
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natural variation for Seed longevity and Seed Dormancy are negatively correlated in arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Thu Phuong Nguyen, Paul Keizer, Fred A Van Eeuwijk, Sjef Smeekens, Leónie BentsinkAbstract:Dormancy is a state of metabolic arrest that facilitates the survival of organisms during environmental conditions incompatible with their regular course of life. Many organisms have deep dormant stages to promote an extended life span (increased longevity). In contrast, plants have Seed Dormancy and Seed longevity described as two traits. Seed Dormancy is defined as a temporary failure of a viable Seed to germinate in conditions that favor germination, whereas Seed longevity is defined as Seed viability after dry storage (storability). In plants, the association of Seed longevity with Seed Dormancy has not been studied in detail. This is surprising given the ecological, agronomical, and economic importance of Seed longevity. We studied Seed longevity to reveal its genetic regulators and its association with Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Integrated quantitative trait locus analyses for Seed longevity, in six recombinant inbred line populations, revealed five loci: Germination Ability After Storage1 (GAAS1) to GAAS5. GAAS loci colocated with Seed Dormancy loci, Delay Of Germination (DOG), earlier identified in the same six recombinant inbred line populations. Both GAAS loci and their colocation with DOG loci were validated by near isogenic lines. A negative correlation was observed, deep Seed Dormancy correlating with low Seed longevity and vice versa. Detailed analysis on the collocating GAAS5 and DOG1 quantitative trait loci revealed that the DOG1-Cape Verde Islands allele both reduces Seed longevity and increases Seed Dormancy. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a negative correlation between Seed longevity and Seed Dormancy.
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Identification and characterization of quantitative trait loci that control Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis.
Methods of Molecular Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Leónie Bentsink, Maarten KoornneefAbstract:Seed Dormancy is a trait that is under multigenic control and affected strongly by environmental factors. Thus, Seed Dormancy is a typical quantitative trait. Natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit a great deal of genetic variation for Seed Dormancy. This natural variation can be used to identify genes controlling this trait by means of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. In this chapter, we describe how QTL mapping for Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana can be performed and how QTL analyses can be used to eventually identify the causal gene. Methods and recourses available specifically for Arabidopsis are described or referred to
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Seed Dormancy and germination.
The Arabidopsis book American Society of Plant Biologists, 2008Co-Authors: Leónie Bentsink, Maarten KoornneefAbstract:Seed Dormancy allows Seeds to overcome periods that are unfavourable for Seedling established and is therefore important for plant ecology and agriculture. Several processes are known to be involved in the induction of Dormancy and in the switch from the dormant to the germinating state. The role of plant hormones, the different tissues and genes involved, including newly identified genes in Dormancy and germination are described in this chapter, as well as the use transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analyses to study these mechanistically not well understood processes.
M Cakir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genes controlling Seed Dormancy and pre harvest sprouting in a rice wheat barley comparison
Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2004Co-Authors: Chengdao Li, Peixiang Ni, Michael G Francki, A Hunter, Yong Zhang, D Schibeci, Heng Li, A Tarr, Jun Wang, M CakirAbstract:Pre-harvest sprouting results in significant economic loss for the grain industry around the world. Lack of adequate Seed Dormancy is the major reason for pre-harvest sprouting in the field under wet weather conditions. Although this trait is governed by multiple genes it is also highly heritable. A major QTL controlling both pre-harvest sprouting and Seed Dormancy has been identified on the long arm of barley chromosome 5H, and it explains over 70% of the phenotypic variation. Comparative genomics approaches among barley, wheat and rice were used to identify candidate gene(s) controlling Seed Dormancy and hence one aspect of pre-harvest sprouting. The barley Seed Dormancy/pre-harvest sprouting QTL was located in a region that showed good synteny with the terminal end of the long arm of rice chromosome 3. The rice DNA sequences were annotated and a gene encoding GA20-oxidase was identified as a candidate gene controlling the Seed Dormancy/pre-harvest sprouting QTL on 5HL. This chromosomal region also shared synteny with the telomere region of wheat chromosome 4AL, but was located outside of the QTL reported for Seed Dormancy in wheat. The wheat chromosome 4AL QTL region for Seed Dormancy was syntenic to both rice chromosome 3 and 11. In both cases, corresponding QTLs for Seed Dormancy have been mapped in rice.
Chengdao Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seed Dormancy in barley is dictated by genetics, environments and their interactions
Euphytica, 2014Co-Authors: Xue Gong, Chengdao Li, Meixue Zhou, Yumiko BonnardeauxAbstract:The transition from Dormancy to germination is crucial for malt barley in the malt house. Seed Dormancy is a quantitative trait and the depths of Dormancy controlled by environment/genetics remain unclear. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted to evaluate the number, location and phenotypic variation explained by QTLs from data collected from different years, sites and germination conditions in the Stirling × Harrington population. QTLs on 4H, 5H and 6H could explain 25, 81 and 12 % of phenotypic variations, respectively. Consistent QTLs were detected on 5HL and other QTLs were subjected to growth or germination conditions. Germination tests under light detected more QTLs than in the dark. The QTL at 5HL were more important for Seed Dormancy under the Mediterranean environment and evidence showed at least two genes controlling Seed Dormancy at 5HL.
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genes controlling Seed Dormancy and pre harvest sprouting in a rice wheat barley comparison
Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2004Co-Authors: Chengdao Li, Peixiang Ni, Michael G Francki, A Hunter, Yong Zhang, D Schibeci, Heng Li, A Tarr, Jun Wang, M CakirAbstract:Pre-harvest sprouting results in significant economic loss for the grain industry around the world. Lack of adequate Seed Dormancy is the major reason for pre-harvest sprouting in the field under wet weather conditions. Although this trait is governed by multiple genes it is also highly heritable. A major QTL controlling both pre-harvest sprouting and Seed Dormancy has been identified on the long arm of barley chromosome 5H, and it explains over 70% of the phenotypic variation. Comparative genomics approaches among barley, wheat and rice were used to identify candidate gene(s) controlling Seed Dormancy and hence one aspect of pre-harvest sprouting. The barley Seed Dormancy/pre-harvest sprouting QTL was located in a region that showed good synteny with the terminal end of the long arm of rice chromosome 3. The rice DNA sequences were annotated and a gene encoding GA20-oxidase was identified as a candidate gene controlling the Seed Dormancy/pre-harvest sprouting QTL on 5HL. This chromosomal region also shared synteny with the telomere region of wheat chromosome 4AL, but was located outside of the QTL reported for Seed Dormancy in wheat. The wheat chromosome 4AL QTL region for Seed Dormancy was syntenic to both rice chromosome 3 and 11. In both cases, corresponding QTLs for Seed Dormancy have been mapped in rice.
Cuixia Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a major qtl controlling Seed Dormancy and pre harvest sprouting resistance on chromosome 4a in a chinese wheat landrace
Molecular Breeding, 2008Co-Authors: Cuixia ChenAbstract:Wheat pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) can cause significant reduction in yield and end-use quality of wheat grains in many wheat-growing areas worldwide. To identify a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for PHS resistance in wheat, Seed Dormancy and sprouting of matured spikes were investigated in a population of 162 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the white PHS-resistant Chinese landrace Totoumai A and the white PHS-susceptible cultivar Siyang 936. Following screening of 1,125 SSR primers, 236 were found to be polymorphic between parents, and were used to screen the mapping population. Both Seed Dormancy and PHS of matured spikes were evaluated by the percentage of germinated kernels under controlled moist conditions. Twelve SSR markers associated with both PHS and Seed Dormancy were located on the long arm of chromosome 4A. One QTL for both Seed Dormancy and PHS resistance was detected on chromosome 4AL. Two SSR markers, Xbarc 170 and Xgwm 397, are 9.14 cM apart, and flanked the QTL that explained 28.3% of the phenotypic variation for Seed Dormancy and 30.6% for PHS resistance. This QTL most likely contributed to both long Seed Dormancy period and enhanced PHS resistance. Therefore, this QTL is most likely responsible for both Seed Dormancy and PHS resistance. The SSR markers linked to the QTL can be used for marker-assisted selection of PHS-resistant white wheat cultivars.
Gerhard Leubnermetzger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular mechanisms of Seed Dormancy
Plant Cell and Environment, 2012Co-Authors: Kai Graeber, Kazumi Nakabayashi, Emma Miatton, Gerhard Leubnermetzger, W J SoppeAbstract:Seed Dormancy is an important component of plant fitness that causes a delay of germination until the arrival of a favourable growth season. Dormancy is a complex trait that is determined by genetic factors with a substantial environmental influence. Several of the tissues comprising a Seed contribute to its final Dormancy level. The roles of the plant hormones abscisic acid and gibberellin in the regulation of Dormancy and germination have long been recognized. The last decade saw the identification of several additional factors that influence Dormancy including Dormancy-specific genes, chromatin factors and non-enzymatic processes. This review gives an overview of our present understanding of the mechanisms that control Seed Dormancy at the molecular level, with an emphasis on new insights. The various regulators that are involved in the induction and release of Dormancy, the influence of environmental factors and the conservation of Seed Dormancy mechanisms between plant species are discussed. Finally, expected future directions in Seed Dormancy research are considered.
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Seed Dormancy and the control of germination
New Phytologist, 2006Co-Authors: William E Finchsavage, Gerhard LeubnermetzgerAbstract:Seed Dormancy is an innate Seed property that defines the environmental conditions in which the Seed is able to germinate. It is determined by genetics with a substantial environmental influence which is mediated, at least in part, by the plant hormones abscisic acid and gibberellins. Not only is the Dormancy status influenced by the Seed maturation environment, it is also continuously changing with time following shedding in a manner determined by the ambient environment. As Dormancy is present throughout the higher plants in all major climatic regions, adaptation has resulted in divergent responses to the environment. Through this adaptation, germination is timed to avoid unfavourable weather for subsequent plant establishment and reproductive growth. In this review, we present an integrated view of the evolution, molecular genetics, physiology, biochemistry, ecology and modelling of Seed Dormancy mechanisms and their control of germination. We argue that adaptation has taken place on a theme rather than via fundamentally different paths and identify similarities underlying the extensive diversity in the Dormancy response to the environment that controls germination.
