The Experts below are selected from a list of 20019 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yoshitaka Hara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improvement of Seedling Establishment under flood condition by seed coating with molybdenum compounds for wheat and barley
Plant Production Science, 2016Co-Authors: Yoshitaka HaraAbstract:AbstractWheat and barley are often cultivated also in paddy fields in winter in Japan. The drainage of paddy fields is often poor. The Seedling Establishment of wheat and barley is more prone to become poor if it rains heavily after sowing. The flooding damage on Seedling Establishment is thought to be caused by many factors. The generation of sulfide ions in flooded and reduced soil is thought to be one factor of the flooding damage. In this study, the effect of seed coating with molybdenum compounds, which suppress the generation of sulfide ions, on the flooding damage of wheat and barley Seedling Establishment. Two poorly soluble molybdenum compounds were coated on wheat or barley seeds at different amounts. Coated seeds were sown in soil and soon flooded for 2 d at 20 °C. When seeds were not coated with molybdenum compounds, rates of Seedling Establishment were no more than 32%. However, when any molybdenum compounds of .05–.5 mol-Mo kg−1 were coated, Seedling Establishment was significantly improved ...
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Improvement of soybean Seedling Establishment under a flooded condition by seed coating with molybdenum compounds.
Plant Production Science, 2015Co-Authors: Yoshitaka HaraAbstract:AbstractIn Japan, soybeans are generally cultivated in paddy fields which often have poor drainage. West of the Kanto region, the seeds are sown in the rainy season. Therefore, the Seedling Establishment is prone to damage by the rain after sowing. The generation of sulfide ions in flooded and reduced soil is thought to be one factor causing this flooding damage. Sincemolybdate ions suppress the generation of sulfide ions, the effect of coating soybean seeds with molybdenum compounds, onthe Seedling Establishment under a flooded condition was examined. Soybean seeds were coated with several kinds of poorly-soluble molybdenum compounds at different concentrations. The coated seeds were sown in soil and then flooded for 3 d at 25 – 30°C. Seedlings were not established from seeds not coated with molybdenum compounds. Seedling Establishment was appreciably improved by coating the seeds with a molybdenum compound at the rate of 0.5 – 1 mol-Mo kg–1 seed. Seedling Establishment was especially improved by coating...
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Improvement of rice Seedling Establishment on sulfate-applied submerged soil by seed coating with poorly soluble molybdenum compounds.
Plant Production Science, 2013Co-Authors: Yoshitaka HaraAbstract:AbstractAlthough direct seeding is expected to be a labor-saving method in rice cultivation, poor Seedling Establishment is a major obstacle to widespread use of this practice. I previously reported that the Seedling Establishment of rice sown on sulfate-applied submerged soil was improved by the application of potassium molybdate to the soil. In this study, I investigated the effects of seed coating with poorly soluble molybdenum compounds on the Seedling Establishment to reduce the necessary amount of molybdenum (Mo). Seed coating with poorly soluble Mo compounds improved the Seedling Establishment in sulfate-applied submerged soil. Especially, ammonium phosphomolybdate and potassium phosphomolybdate were more effective and difficult to impair the Seedling Establishment even by seed coating of excessive amounts. Mo trioxide, which is a cheapest Mo compound, was also effective. Accordingly, seed coating with these Mo compounds would have the potential to improve rice Seedling Establishment in sulfur-rich...
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Improvement of Rice Seedling Establishment in Sulfate-Applied Submerged Soil by Application of Molybdate
Plant Production Science, 2013Co-Authors: Yoshitaka HaraAbstract:Sulfide ion generation in strictly reduced soil might be a factor impairing rice Seedling Establishment. The molybdate ion is known to suppress the microbial transformation of sulfide ions from sul...
P V Chuong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rice Seedling Establishment as affected by cultivar seed coating with calcium peroxide sowing depth and water level
Field Crops Research, 1995Co-Authors: M. Yamauchi, P V ChuongAbstract:Abstract Inconsistent Seedling Establishment is a constraint to the adoption of direct seeding of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the tropics. Rice cultivars with superior Seedling Establishment in flooded soil have been recently identified. The Establishment of these tolerant cultivars was compared with a control cultivar with and without calcium peroxide-coated seed under various combinations of water level and sowing depth. Water level had little effect on Seedling Establishment when seed were sown on the soil surface, but Establishment was reduced by raising the water level when seed were sown below the soil surface. Calcium peroxide-coated seed established better than the tolerant cultivars at 13- and 25-mm sowing depths, but their Seedlings were shorter and less vigorous than those of tolerant cultivars. Tolerant cultivars and coated seed had longer mesocotyls than controls. Sowing tolerant cultivars beneath a flooded soil surface at less than 13 mm assists achievement of consistent Seedling Establishment in lowland rice production.
Alexandra D. Syphard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Shrinking windows of opportunity for oak Seedling Establishment in southern California mountains
Ecosphere, 2016Co-Authors: Frank W. Davis, Lynn C. Sweet, Josep M. Serra-diaz, Janet Franklin, Ian M. Mccullough, Alan L. Flint, Lorraine E. Flint, John Dingman, Helen M. Regan, Alexandra D. SyphardAbstract:Seedling Establishment is a critical step that may ultimately govern tree species’ distribution shifts under environmental change. Annual variation in the location of seed rain and microclimates results in transient “windows of opportunity” for tree Seedling Establishment across the landscape. These Establishment windows vary at fine spatiotemporal scales that are not considered in most assessments of climate change impacts on tree species range dynamics and habitat displacement. We integrate field Seedling Establishment trials conducted in the southern Sierra Nevada and western Tehachapi Mountains of southern California with spatially downscaled grids of modeled water-year climatic water deficit (CWDwy) and mean August maximum daily temperature (Tmax) to map historical and projected future microclimates suitable for Establishment windows of opportunity for Quercus douglasii, a dominant tree species of warm, dry foothill woodlands, and Q. kelloggii, a dominant of cooler, more mesic montane woodlands and forests. Based on quasi-binomial regression models, Q. douglasii Seedling Establishment is significantly associated with modeled CWDwy and to a lesser degree with modeled Tmax. Q. kelloggii Seedling Establishment is most strongly associated with Tmax and best predicted by a two-factor model including CWDwy and Tmax. Establishment niche models are applied to explore recruitment window dynamics in the western Tehachapi Mountains, where these species are currently widespread canopy dominants. Establishment windows are projected to decrease by 50–95%, shrinking locally to higher elevations and north-facing slopes by the end of this century depending on the species and climate scenario. These decreases in Establishment windows suggest the potential for longer-term regional population declines of the species. While many additional processes regulate Seedling Establishment and growth, this study highlights the need to account for topoclimatic controls and interannual climatic variation when assessing how Seedling Establishment and colonization processes could be affected by climate change.
Douglas J. Levey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of dung and seed size on secondary dispersal, seed predation, and Seedling Establishment of rain forest trees
Oecologia, 2004Co-Authors: Ellen Andresen, Douglas J. LeveyAbstract:Seeds dispersed by tropical, arboreal mammals are usually deposited singly and without dung or in clumps of fecal material. After dispersal through defecation by mammals, most seeds are secondarily dispersed by dung beetles or consumed by rodents. These post-dispersal, plant-animal interactions are likely to interact themselves, as seeds buried by dung beetles are less likely to be found by rodents than unburied seeds. In a series of three experiments with seeds of 15 species in central Amazonia (Brazil), we determined (1) how presence and amount of dung associated with seeds influences long-term seed fate and Seedling Establishment, (2) how deeply dung beetles bury seeds and how burial depth affects Seedling Establishment, and (3) how seed size affects the interaction between seeds, dung beetles, and rodents. Our overall goal was to understand how post-dispersal plant-animal interactions determine the link between primary seed dispersal and Seedling Establishment. On average, 43% of seeds surrounded by dung were buried by dung beetles, compared to 0% of seeds not surrounded by dung ( n =2,156). Seeds in dung, however, tended to be more prone than bare seeds to predation by rodents. Of seeds in dung, probability of burial was negatively related to seed size and positively related to amount of dung. Burial of seeds decreased the probability of seed predation by rodents three-fold, and increased the probability of Seedling Establishment two-fold. Mean burial depth was 4 cm (0.5–20 cm) and was not related to seed size, contrary to previous studies. Probability of Seedling Establishment was negatively correlated with burial depth and not related to seed size at 5 or 10 cm depths. These results illustrate a complex web of interactions among dung beetles, rodents, and dispersed seeds. These interactions affect the probability of Seedling Establishment and are themselves strongly tied to how seeds are deposited by primary dispersers. More generally, our results emphasize the importance of looking beyond a single type of plant-animal interaction (e.g., seed dispersal or seed predation) to incorporate potential effects of interacting interactions.
Junhong Bai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biogeomorphological processes and structures facilitate Seedling Establishment and distribution of annual plants: implications for coastal restoration
The Science of the total environment, 2020Co-Authors: Dongdong Qiu, Jiaguo Yan, Dongdong Shao, Junhong Bai, Baoshan CuiAbstract:Abstract Biogeomorphological processes and structures (BPS) can affect plant growth and community structure and promote landscape complexity in ecosystems. However, there is a lack of understanding of how BPS facilitates Seedling Establishment and distribution of annual plants and promotes the success of coastal restoration. We studied the relationships between Seedling Establishment of a native annual plant species (Suaeda salsa) and BPS resulting from crabs and plants in a middle elevation salt marsh with moderate tides (where inhabited generally high density of plants and crabs) in the Yellow River Delta of China. While there were many crabs but fewer plants in lower elevation areas with more frequent and stronger tides; and in higher elevation areas with weaker tides there were both fewer crabs and plants. Investigations and field manipulation experiments of microtopography, crabs and plants were conducted to determine if and how these BPS influenced Seedling Establishment and distribution under tidal influence in the middle elevation salt marshes. Results demonstrated that biogeomorphological structures, mainly concave hollows generated by crab burrowing and concave hollows around plant roots and stems under tidal influence, were associated with the trapping of seeds and influenced the Establishment and distribution of Seedlings. Additionally, upon senescence, maternal plants with unreleased seeds lodged on the ground and influenced seed retention and Seedling Establishment. The artificial concave hollows that were created experimentally also trapped many seeds and facilitated Seedling Establishment. Experimental plantings and creation of artificial hollow microtopography attracted crabs that created burrows, resulting in a positive feedback on Seedling Establishment. We used information obtained from the experimental component of the study to conduct a hollow microtopography manipulation to successfully restore degraded salt marshes. Understanding the associations between Seedling Establishment and biogeomorphological processes provides important insights for the utilization of natural or human ecosystem engineering to restore coastal vegetation ecosystems.
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Rainfall variation shifts habitat suitability for Seedling Establishment associated with tidal inundation in salt marshes
Ecological Indicators, 2019Co-Authors: Tian Xie, Junhong Bai, Baoshan Cui, Qing Wang, Wei ShiAbstract:Abstract Growing concerns over the ecological consequences of global changes in rainfall regimes have motivated exploration into how variable rainfall influences the persistence of plant species. Understanding the influence of rainfall events on Seedling Establishment is critical for predicting the consequences of potential changes to the rainfall regime in coastal salt marshes. However, it is not clear whether Seedling Establishment of various species responses to rainfall are strongly regulated by tidal inundation. We conducted a series of rainfall manipulation experiments in salt marshes and controlled greenhouse experiments to test the effect of post-dry season rainfall on Seedling Establishment of plant species among different tidal elevations and during drought and large rainfall events. Our results showed that post-dry season rainfall created an opportunity for Seedling Establishment by strongly influencing the suitability of abiotic factors for species niches, but plant–soil–rainfall interactions were nonlinear across existing soil conditions, which were controlled by tidal inundation. Seedling Establishment was highly dependent on post-dry season rainfall amount. The Seedlings of species that were sensitive to saline soil or had low tolerance to soil moisture only established successfully during large rainfall events. Consequently, changes in the rainfall amount caused shifts in native species composition and opened invasion opportunities for new species. Our study highlighted that small changes in rainfall amount or distribution can trigger comparatively large and abrupt changes in different species depending on their ecological niches and local abiotic gradients. Within tidal marshes, exploration of rainfall–tide linkages advanced fundamental understanding of the effects of changing rainfall regimes and provided implications for coastal wetland management and restoration efforts to prepare for the future rainfall changes related to climate change.
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Topography regulates edaphic suitability for Seedling Establishment associated with tidal elevation in coastal salt marshes
Geoderma, 2019Co-Authors: Tian Xie, Baoshan Cui, Junhong BaiAbstract:Abstract Spatial patterns of Seedling Establishment have been shown to be greatly affected by topographic heterogeneity. Addressing the effect of different topographic structures on Seedling Establishment is critical for understanding the complexity and variation of plant distribution and dynamics in coastal salt marshes. However, it is far from clear how species populations respond to differences in topography at different tidal zones. Here, we conducted an extensive survey across tidal zones to identify associations between abundance of the halophyte species Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. with topographic heterogeneity. Furthermore, we manipulated topographic structures to produce flat, hollow and hummock surfaces, to explore the mechanism of responses of Seedling Establishment to topography across tidal zones. Our results showed that topographic differences of only a few centimeters were enough to influence Seedling Establishment by affecting seed retention and post-retention soil conditions. The hollow surfaces trapped more seeds than did flat or hummock surfaces in high-elevation marsh and supratidal zones. Under frequent inundation by tides in low-elevation marsh, the flat surfaces had the most favorable conditions for seed anchorage. Differences in duration of tidal water retention caused by topography resulted in different soil conditions. One explanation for the low Seedling emergence of S. salsa in hollows in low- and middle-elevation marsh zones was that the lack of oxygen penetration into the soil in the hollows inhibited survival of Seedlings, while hummocks and flat surfaces in supratidal zones was against inundated conditions, increasing the drought and salinity stresses on seed germination. Our results suggested that increased heterogeneous topography facilitated halophyte Establishment in salt marshes, and that the structure of topography most suitable for Seedling Establishment differed among the various marsh zones. Hollows in high-elevation marsh and supratidal zones, or flat surfaces and hummocks in low- and middle-elevation marsh zones provided better habitats for S. salsa Seedlings, providing important information with which to design and build heterogeneous topography to achieve successful halophyte Establishment in plant restoration exercises.