The Experts below are selected from a list of 159 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sayantan Ghosal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Self-confidence, Overconfidence and Prenatal Testosterone Exposure: Evidence from the Lab.
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Patricio Dalton, Sayantan GhosalAbstract:This paper examines whether foetal testosterone exposure predicts the extent of confidence and over-confidence in own absolute ability in adulthood. To study this question, we elicited incentive-compatible measures of confidence and over-confidence in the lab and correlate them with measures of right hand 2D:4D, used as as a marker for the strength of prenatal testosterone exposure. We provide evidence that men with higher prenatal testosterone exposure (i.e., low 2D:4D ratio) are less likely to set unrealistically high expectations about their own performance. This in turn helps them to gain higher monetary rewards. Men exposed to low prenatal testosterone levels, instead, set unrealistically high expectations which results in Self-Defeating Behavior.
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Self-Confidence, Overconfidence and Prenatal Testosterone Exposure: Evidence from the Lab
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Patricio Dalton, Sayantan GhosalAbstract:This paper examines whether the degree of confidence and overconfidence in one's ability is determined biologically. In particular, we study whether fetal testosterone exposure correlates with an incentive-compatible measure of confidence within an experimental setting. We find that men (rather than women) who were exposed to high testosterone levels in their mother's womb are less likely to overestimate their actual performance, which in turn helps them to gain higher monetary rewards. Men exposed to low prenatal testosterone levels, instead, set unrealistically high expectations which results in Self-Defeating Behavior. These results from the lab are able to reconcile hitherto disconnected evidence from the field, by providing a link between traders' overconfidence bias, long-term financial returns and prenatal testosterone exposure.
Patricio Dalton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Self-confidence, Overconfidence and Prenatal Testosterone Exposure: Evidence from the Lab.
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Patricio Dalton, Sayantan GhosalAbstract:This paper examines whether foetal testosterone exposure predicts the extent of confidence and over-confidence in own absolute ability in adulthood. To study this question, we elicited incentive-compatible measures of confidence and over-confidence in the lab and correlate them with measures of right hand 2D:4D, used as as a marker for the strength of prenatal testosterone exposure. We provide evidence that men with higher prenatal testosterone exposure (i.e., low 2D:4D ratio) are less likely to set unrealistically high expectations about their own performance. This in turn helps them to gain higher monetary rewards. Men exposed to low prenatal testosterone levels, instead, set unrealistically high expectations which results in Self-Defeating Behavior.
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Self-Confidence, Overconfidence and Prenatal Testosterone Exposure: Evidence from the Lab
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Patricio Dalton, Sayantan GhosalAbstract:This paper examines whether the degree of confidence and overconfidence in one's ability is determined biologically. In particular, we study whether fetal testosterone exposure correlates with an incentive-compatible measure of confidence within an experimental setting. We find that men (rather than women) who were exposed to high testosterone levels in their mother's womb are less likely to overestimate their actual performance, which in turn helps them to gain higher monetary rewards. Men exposed to low prenatal testosterone levels, instead, set unrealistically high expectations which results in Self-Defeating Behavior. These results from the lab are able to reconcile hitherto disconnected evidence from the field, by providing a link between traders' overconfidence bias, long-term financial returns and prenatal testosterone exposure.
Roy F. Baumeister - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social exclusion causes Self-Defeating Behavior.
Journal of personality and social psychology, 2002Co-Authors: Jean M. Twenge, Kathleen R. Catanese, Roy F. BaumeisterAbstract:Four experiments tested the idea that social exclusion leads to (unintentionally) Self-Defeating Behavior. Exclusion was manipulated by telling some people that they were likely to end up alone later in life. This randomly assigned feedback caused people to take irrational, Self-Defeating risks (Experiments 1 and 2), choose unhealthy, rather than healthy, Behaviors (Experiment 3), and procrastinate longer with pleasurable activities rather than practicing for an upcoming test (Experiment 4). A control group, who heard that their future would be marred by frequent accidents, did not show these Self-Defeating patterns. Thus, the effect goes beyond just hearing bad news. Emotional distress did not significantly mediate these effects across 3 different mood measures.
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esteem threat self regulatory breakdown and emotional distress as factors in self defeating Behavior
Review of General Psychology, 1997Co-Authors: Roy F. BaumeisterAbstract:Patterns of human Self-Defeating or self-destructive Behavior are examined in relation to several hypothesized causes. Threatened egotism appears to be a major, pervasive cause: Self-Defeating resp...
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Longitudinal Study of Procrastination, Performance, Stress, and Health: The Costs and Benefits of Dawdling
Psychological Science, 1997Co-Authors: Dianne M. Tice, Roy F. BaumeisterAbstract:Procrastination is variously described as harmful, innocuous, or even beneficial Two longitudinal studies examined procrastination among students Procrastinators reported lower stress and less illness than nonprocrastinators early in the semester, but they reported higher stress and more illness late in the term, and overall they were sicker Procrastinators also received lower grades on all assignments Procrastination thus appears to be a Self-Defeating Behavior pattern marked by short-term benefits and long-term costs
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Why do bad moods increase Self-Defeating Behavior? Emotion, risk tasking, and self-regulation.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996Co-Authors: Karen Pezza Leith, Roy F. BaumeisterAbstract:Increased risk taking may explain the link between bad moods and Self-Defeating Behavior. In Study 1, personal recollections of Self-Defeating actions implicated bad moods and resultant risky decisions. In Study 2, embarrassment increased the preference for a long-shot (high-risk, high-payoff) lottery over a low-risk, low-payoff one. Anger had a similar effect in Study 3. Study 4 replicated this and showed that the effect could be eliminated by making participants analyze the lotteries rationally, suggesting that bad moods foster risk taking by impairing self-regulation instead of by altering subjective utilities. Studies 5 and 6 showed that the risky tendencies are limited to unpleasant moods accompanied by high arousal; neither sadness nor neutral arousal resulted in destructive risk taking.
Robert W. Renn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Employee Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Inhibition Systems, Manager Ratings of Employee Job Performance, and Employee Withdrawal
Human Performance, 2014Co-Authors: Robert W. Renn, Robert Steinbauer, Grant H. FennerAbstract:Employee Behavioral activation system (BAS) and Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivities have potential to add value to understanding employee personality, job performance ratings, and withdrawal. After controlling for three Big Five personality trait dimensions (Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Extraversion), structural equations modeling results from 102 employees and their managers indicated that employee BAS sensitivity was negatively related to manager ratings of employee job performance and that employee Self-Defeating Behavior partially accounted for the hypothesized negative relations. BAS sensitivity was also indirectly and positively related to employee turnover intentions by failure to delay gratification. BIS sensitivity was positively related to employee Self-Defeating Behavior but was not related to manager ratings of job performance or withdrawal. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings and future research are discussed.
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The Relationship of Social Exclusion at Work With Self-Defeating Behavior and Turnover
The Journal of social psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Robert W. Renn, David G. Allen, Tobias M. HuningAbstract:Although studies indicate that perceived social exclusion is positively related to Self-Defeating Behavior (SDB) and turnover intentions, studies have not integrated this research to examine the potential links among perceived social exclusion at work, SDB, and actual turnover. Using multisource data obtained from 246 employees and their immediate supervisors, we obtained support for a theoretical model in which perceived social exclusion relates directly and positively to turnover intentions and turnover, and indirectly and positively to turnover via two SDBs and turnover intentions. We discuss the theoretical implications of the findings and directions for future research.
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Empirical examination of the individual-level personality-based theory of self-management failure
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2009Co-Authors: Robert W. Renn, David G. Allen, Tobias M. HuningAbstract:The individual-level personality-based theory of self-management failure posits that personality predisposes individuals to Self-Defeating Behavior that, in turn, leads to self-management failure (Renn, Allen, Fedor, & Davis, 2005). To provide a partial test of the theory, a model is hypothesized that operationalized personality with neuroticism and conscientiousness of the Big Five personality dimensions; Self-Defeating Behavior with inability to delay gratification, procrastination, and emotional self-absorption; and self-management with personal goal setting, monitoring, and operating. The model was tested using data collected from 286 working employees and structural equations analysis. Results supported nine of 11 theory-derived hypotheses. As hypothesized, high neuroticism was associated with improper personal goal setting, monitoring, and operating; and emotional self-absorption and procrastination accounted for the relationship between high neuroticism and ineffective self-management. In addition, low conscientiousness was associated with inferior self-management practices, and inability to delay gratification and procrastination partially explained the relationship between low conscientiousness and poor self-management. The findings provide new insight into how high neuroticism and low conscientiousness may contribute to self-management failure. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Tobias M. Huning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Relationship of Social Exclusion at Work With Self-Defeating Behavior and Turnover
The Journal of social psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Robert W. Renn, David G. Allen, Tobias M. HuningAbstract:Although studies indicate that perceived social exclusion is positively related to Self-Defeating Behavior (SDB) and turnover intentions, studies have not integrated this research to examine the potential links among perceived social exclusion at work, SDB, and actual turnover. Using multisource data obtained from 246 employees and their immediate supervisors, we obtained support for a theoretical model in which perceived social exclusion relates directly and positively to turnover intentions and turnover, and indirectly and positively to turnover via two SDBs and turnover intentions. We discuss the theoretical implications of the findings and directions for future research.
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Empirical examination of the individual-level personality-based theory of self-management failure
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2009Co-Authors: Robert W. Renn, David G. Allen, Tobias M. HuningAbstract:The individual-level personality-based theory of self-management failure posits that personality predisposes individuals to Self-Defeating Behavior that, in turn, leads to self-management failure (Renn, Allen, Fedor, & Davis, 2005). To provide a partial test of the theory, a model is hypothesized that operationalized personality with neuroticism and conscientiousness of the Big Five personality dimensions; Self-Defeating Behavior with inability to delay gratification, procrastination, and emotional self-absorption; and self-management with personal goal setting, monitoring, and operating. The model was tested using data collected from 286 working employees and structural equations analysis. Results supported nine of 11 theory-derived hypotheses. As hypothesized, high neuroticism was associated with improper personal goal setting, monitoring, and operating; and emotional self-absorption and procrastination accounted for the relationship between high neuroticism and ineffective self-management. In addition, low conscientiousness was associated with inferior self-management practices, and inability to delay gratification and procrastination partially explained the relationship between low conscientiousness and poor self-management. The findings provide new insight into how high neuroticism and low conscientiousness may contribute to self-management failure. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.