The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark S. Blumberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Developing Sensorimotor Systems in Our Sleep
Current directions in psychological science, 2015Co-Authors: Mark S. BlumbergAbstract:Every animal must learn how to use its limbs within the Developmental context of an ever-changing body. Typically, investigations of Sensorimotor Development focus on waking movements. Here, I consider another class of behavior: twitching movements that occur exclusively during active (REM) sleep. Twitches are particularly abundant in early infancy, when critical Sensorimotor networks are established. In light of behavioral, electrophysiological, neurophysiological, and computational investigations of this unique behavior, twitches may prove critical for the Development and maintenance of the Sensorimotor system, as well as its repair after injury or disease.
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REM sleep twitches rouse nascent cerebellar circuits: Implications for Sensorimotor Development
Developmental neurobiology, 2014Co-Authors: Greta Sokoloff, Brandt D. Uitermarkt, Mark S. BlumbergAbstract:The cerebellum is critical for Sensorimotor integration and undergoes extensive postnatal Development. During the first postnatal week in rats, climbing fibers polyinnervate Purkinje cells and, before granule cell migration, mossy fibers make transient, direct connections with Purkinje cells. Activity-dependent processes are assumed to play a critical role in the Development and refinement of these and other aspects of cerebellar circuitry. However, the sources and patterning of activity have not been described. We hypothesize that sensory feedback (i.e., reafference) from myoclonic twitches in sleeping newborn rats is a prominent driver of activity for the developing cerebellum. Here, in 6-day-old rats, we show that Purkinje cells exhibit substantial state-dependent changes in complex and simple spike activity—primarily during active sleep. In addition, this activity increases significantly during bouts of twitching. Moreover, the surprising observation of twitch-dependent increases in simple spike activity at this age suggests a functional engagement of mossy fibers before the parallel fiber system has developed. Based on these and other results, we propose that twitching comprises a unique class of self-produced movement that drives critical aspects of activity-dependent Development in the cerebellum and other Sensorimotor systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1140–1153, 2015
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Twitching in Sensorimotor Development from sleeping rats to robots.
Current biology : CB, 2013Co-Authors: Mark S. Blumberg, Hugo Gravato Marques, Fumiya IidaAbstract:It is still not known how the ‘rudimentary’ movements of fetuses and infants are transformed into the coordinated, flexible and adaptive movements of adults. In addressing this important issue, we consider a behavior that has been perennially viewed as a functionless by-product of a dreaming brain: the jerky limb movements called myoclonic twitches. Recent work has identified the neural mechanisms that produce twitching as well as those that convey sensory feedback from twitching limbs to the spinal cord and brain. In turn, these mechanistic insights have helped inspire new ideas about the functional roles that twitching might play in the self-organization of spinal and supraspinal Sensorimotor circuits. Striking support for these ideas is coming from the field of Developmental robotics: when twitches are mimicked in robot models of the musculoskeletal system, the basic neural circuitry undergoes self-organization. Mutually inspired biological and synthetic approaches promise not only to produce better robots, but also to solve fundamental problems concerning the Developmental origins of Sensorimotor maps in the spinal cord and brain.
Reha S. Erzurumlu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of whiskers in Sensorimotor Development of c57bl 6 mice
Behavioural Brain Research, 2015Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Arakawa, Reha S. ErzurumluAbstract:Abstract The mystacial vibrissae (whiskers) of nocturnal rodents play a major role in their Sensorimotor behaviors. Relatively little information exists on the role of whiskers during early Development. We characterized the contribution of whiskers to Sensorimotor Development in postnatal C57BL/6 mice. A comparison between intact and whisker-clipped mice in a battery of behavioral tests from postnatal day (P) 4–17 revealed that both male and female pups develop reflexive motor behavior even when the whiskers are clipped. Daily whisker trimming from P3 onwards results in diminished weight gain by P17, and impairment in whisker Sensorimotor coordination behaviors, such as cliff avoidance and littermate huddling from P4 to P17, while facilitation of righting reflex at P4 and grasp response at P12. Since active whisker palpation does not start until 2 weeks of age, passive whisker touch during early neonatal stage must play a role in regulating these behaviors. Around the onset of exploratory behaviors (P12) neonatal whisker-clipped pups also display persistent searching movements when they encounter cage walls as a compensatory mechanism of Sensorimotor Development. Spontaneous whisker motion (whisking) is distinct from respiratory fluttering of whiskers. It is a symmetrical vibration of whiskers at a rate of approximately ∼8 Hz and begins around P10. Oriented, bundled movements of whiskers at higher frequencies of ∼12 Hz during scanning object surfaces, i.e., palpation whisking, emerges at P14. The establishment of locomotive body coordination before eyes open accompanies palpation whisking, indicating an important role in the guidance of exploratory motor behaviors.
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Role of whiskers in Sensorimotor Development of C57BL/6 mice.
Behavioural brain research, 2015Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Arakawa, Reha S. ErzurumluAbstract:Abstract The mystacial vibrissae (whiskers) of nocturnal rodents play a major role in their Sensorimotor behaviors. Relatively little information exists on the role of whiskers during early Development. We characterized the contribution of whiskers to Sensorimotor Development in postnatal C57BL/6 mice. A comparison between intact and whisker-clipped mice in a battery of behavioral tests from postnatal day (P) 4–17 revealed that both male and female pups develop reflexive motor behavior even when the whiskers are clipped. Daily whisker trimming from P3 onwards results in diminished weight gain by P17, and impairment in whisker Sensorimotor coordination behaviors, such as cliff avoidance and littermate huddling from P4 to P17, while facilitation of righting reflex at P4 and grasp response at P12. Since active whisker palpation does not start until 2 weeks of age, passive whisker touch during early neonatal stage must play a role in regulating these behaviors. Around the onset of exploratory behaviors (P12) neonatal whisker-clipped pups also display persistent searching movements when they encounter cage walls as a compensatory mechanism of Sensorimotor Development. Spontaneous whisker motion (whisking) is distinct from respiratory fluttering of whiskers. It is a symmetrical vibration of whiskers at a rate of approximately ∼8 Hz and begins around P10. Oriented, bundled movements of whiskers at higher frequencies of ∼12 Hz during scanning object surfaces, i.e., palpation whisking, emerges at P14. The establishment of locomotive body coordination before eyes open accompanies palpation whisking, indicating an important role in the guidance of exploratory motor behaviors.
Fumiya Iida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Twitching in Sensorimotor Development from sleeping rats to robots.
Current biology : CB, 2013Co-Authors: Mark S. Blumberg, Hugo Gravato Marques, Fumiya IidaAbstract:It is still not known how the ‘rudimentary’ movements of fetuses and infants are transformed into the coordinated, flexible and adaptive movements of adults. In addressing this important issue, we consider a behavior that has been perennially viewed as a functionless by-product of a dreaming brain: the jerky limb movements called myoclonic twitches. Recent work has identified the neural mechanisms that produce twitching as well as those that convey sensory feedback from twitching limbs to the spinal cord and brain. In turn, these mechanistic insights have helped inspire new ideas about the functional roles that twitching might play in the self-organization of spinal and supraspinal Sensorimotor circuits. Striking support for these ideas is coming from the field of Developmental robotics: when twitches are mimicked in robot models of the musculoskeletal system, the basic neural circuitry undergoes self-organization. Mutually inspired biological and synthetic approaches promise not only to produce better robots, but also to solve fundamental problems concerning the Developmental origins of Sensorimotor maps in the spinal cord and brain.
Hiroyuki Arakawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of whiskers in Sensorimotor Development of c57bl 6 mice
Behavioural Brain Research, 2015Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Arakawa, Reha S. ErzurumluAbstract:Abstract The mystacial vibrissae (whiskers) of nocturnal rodents play a major role in their Sensorimotor behaviors. Relatively little information exists on the role of whiskers during early Development. We characterized the contribution of whiskers to Sensorimotor Development in postnatal C57BL/6 mice. A comparison between intact and whisker-clipped mice in a battery of behavioral tests from postnatal day (P) 4–17 revealed that both male and female pups develop reflexive motor behavior even when the whiskers are clipped. Daily whisker trimming from P3 onwards results in diminished weight gain by P17, and impairment in whisker Sensorimotor coordination behaviors, such as cliff avoidance and littermate huddling from P4 to P17, while facilitation of righting reflex at P4 and grasp response at P12. Since active whisker palpation does not start until 2 weeks of age, passive whisker touch during early neonatal stage must play a role in regulating these behaviors. Around the onset of exploratory behaviors (P12) neonatal whisker-clipped pups also display persistent searching movements when they encounter cage walls as a compensatory mechanism of Sensorimotor Development. Spontaneous whisker motion (whisking) is distinct from respiratory fluttering of whiskers. It is a symmetrical vibration of whiskers at a rate of approximately ∼8 Hz and begins around P10. Oriented, bundled movements of whiskers at higher frequencies of ∼12 Hz during scanning object surfaces, i.e., palpation whisking, emerges at P14. The establishment of locomotive body coordination before eyes open accompanies palpation whisking, indicating an important role in the guidance of exploratory motor behaviors.
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Role of whiskers in Sensorimotor Development of C57BL/6 mice.
Behavioural brain research, 2015Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Arakawa, Reha S. ErzurumluAbstract:Abstract The mystacial vibrissae (whiskers) of nocturnal rodents play a major role in their Sensorimotor behaviors. Relatively little information exists on the role of whiskers during early Development. We characterized the contribution of whiskers to Sensorimotor Development in postnatal C57BL/6 mice. A comparison between intact and whisker-clipped mice in a battery of behavioral tests from postnatal day (P) 4–17 revealed that both male and female pups develop reflexive motor behavior even when the whiskers are clipped. Daily whisker trimming from P3 onwards results in diminished weight gain by P17, and impairment in whisker Sensorimotor coordination behaviors, such as cliff avoidance and littermate huddling from P4 to P17, while facilitation of righting reflex at P4 and grasp response at P12. Since active whisker palpation does not start until 2 weeks of age, passive whisker touch during early neonatal stage must play a role in regulating these behaviors. Around the onset of exploratory behaviors (P12) neonatal whisker-clipped pups also display persistent searching movements when they encounter cage walls as a compensatory mechanism of Sensorimotor Development. Spontaneous whisker motion (whisking) is distinct from respiratory fluttering of whiskers. It is a symmetrical vibration of whiskers at a rate of approximately ∼8 Hz and begins around P10. Oriented, bundled movements of whiskers at higher frequencies of ∼12 Hz during scanning object surfaces, i.e., palpation whisking, emerges at P14. The establishment of locomotive body coordination before eyes open accompanies palpation whisking, indicating an important role in the guidance of exploratory motor behaviors.
Nathalie Nader-grosbois - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sensorimotor Development and dysregulation of activity in young children with autism and with intellectual disabilities
Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2008Co-Authors: Isabel Seynhaeve, Nathalie Nader-grosboisAbstract:Dysregulation of activity linked with Development was analysed in 12 children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and in 12 children with autism (ASD) matched on their Developmental age (18 months). The "Batterie d'Evaluation du Developpement Cognitif et Social" [Adrien, J. L. (1996). Autisme du jeune enfant. Developpement psychologique et regulation de l'activite [Autism in the young child: Psychological Development and behavioral regulation]. Paris: Expansion Scientifique Francaise] and the "Regulation Disorders Evaluation Grid" [Adrien, J. L., Rossignol-Deletang, N., Martineau, J., Couturier, G., & Barthelemy, C. (2001). Regulation on cognitive activity and early communication Development in young autistic, mentally retarded, and young normal children. Developmental Psychobiology, 39(2), 124-136] were used. T-test comparisons, partial correlation controlling for chronological age and clusters analyses by cases were completed. Children with ASD showed more dysregulation than ID children and both groups showed different patterns of specific dysregulation disorders. Dysregulation of activity was linked to Development but correlations were much more numerous and intense within ASD group compared to ID group. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
