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Faysal Tageldin Abushama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the behaviour and Sensory Physiology of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus (H. & E.)
Animal Behaviour, 2004Co-Authors: Faysal Tageldin AbushamaAbstract:Abstract The response of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus (H. & E.) to different stimuli and its general Sensory Physiology have been investigated. The species was found to react positively to humidity and negatively to light and to temperatures above 39 °C. The scorpion can detect the texture of the substratum and usually chooses the finer one. It also shows a negative reaction to the odours of naphthalene, clove oil, and acetic acid. The reaction to these different stimuli is usually orthokinetic. Desiccation and keeping the scorpion in a moist atmosphere for up to 24 hours does not affect the animal's positive reaction to humidity. The scorpion was also found to be unresponsive to small humidity differences in the drier range. When the effects of the combination of different environmental factors on the behaviour of the scorpion were investigated the light factor was shown to dominate others. An attempt to map the various sense organs responsible for these different responses was also made. The hairs or sensillae which cover the body organs are of different types. The humidity-sensitive hairs are found mainly on the distal-tarsal segments of the legs, while the pedipalps, the pectines and the poison bulb appear to carry the hairs sensitive to touch, odour and temperature respectively. The tactile hairs on the pedipalps detect the presence of prey within a certain distance, but the actual attack depends on the eyes.
Ellen A. Lumpkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perspectives on: Information and coding in mammalian Sensory Physiology.
Journal of General Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Diana M. Bautista, Ellen A. LumpkinAbstract:Volume 138, No. 3, September 5, 2011. Pages 291–301. In the legend for Fig. 3, an incorrect citation was given for the modification of D. The figure and the corrected legend are below. Figure 3 Cell-based assays to probe mechanotransduction. (A) Application of hypo-osmotic solutions causes stretch-evoked calcium signals in DRG neurons. (B) Radial stretch of DRG neurons grown on silastic membranes elicits dose-dependent calcium influx. (C) Membrane ...
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perspectives on information and coding in mammalian Sensory Physiology probing mammalian touch transduction
The Journal of General Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Diana M. Bautista, Ellen A. LumpkinAbstract:Humans rely on our sense of touch for a broad range of essential behaviors, such as feeding, successful child rearing, and avoiding bodily harm. Although widely regarded as one of the five basic senses, touch is a complex sense that encompasses numerous modalities, including stretch, pressure, and vibration. Touch-sensitive neurons display a corresponding diversity of force sensitivities, physiological outputs, and cellular morphologies. Although forward genetic screens have identified several essential molecules in invertebrate mechanoSensory neurons, we are only now beginning to uncover molecular players that govern the unique functions of discrete populations of touch receptors in mammals. Recent progress has resulted from the convergence of mouse genetics, genomics, developmental neurobiology, in vitro approaches, and neurophysiological techniques. With this tool kit, we are now poised to answer long-standing questions: Do distinct molecules transduce force in light-touch and pain receptors? What cell types and circuits subserve different perceptual qualities in tactile discrimination? This Perspective describes the most recent advances in our knowledge of molecules, cells, and circuits that encode tactile stimuli, which will help uncover the mechanisms governing touch transduction in mammals.
Reza Shaker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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su1972 characterization of a rodent model for functional mri studies of esophageal acid related Sensory Physiology
Gastroenterology, 2012Co-Authors: Patrick Sanvanson, Venelin Kounev, Bidyut K. Medda, James S. Hyde, Douglas B Ward, Reza ShakerAbstract:Background: Insula represents an important site in the brain for multi-modal convergence and has been implicated in processing of visceral sensation. Earlier fMRI studies in humans (Lawall, et al. Am J Physiol 2008;294:G787-94) have shown activation and sensitization of insula in response to esophageal acid stimulation. However, response characteristics of insular neurons to esophageal chemical and mechanical stimulation have not been studied. Aims: Our aims in this study were: (i) to determine the influence of esophageal acid stimulation on the insular cortex neurons (ICNs) and (ii) to characterize the responses of these neurons to esophageal distension (ED) and colorectal distension (CRD) before and after esophageal acid exposure. Methods: Eleven male rats (SD, 300-400g) were initially anaesthetized with a mixture of α-chloralose (80mg/kg, i.p.) + urethane (800mg/kg, i.p.). The anesthetics were periodically supplemented (i.v.) every 3 hours with one-fourth of the initial dose and the blood pressure was constantly monitored. A craniotomy (Bregma: +2.5 to -2.5 mm, 2.0 to 7.0 mm lateral) was performed to access insular cortex (IC). Extracellular recordings from the ICNs (Bregma: +1.8 to -2.2 mm, 5.0 to 7.4 mm lateral, 5.8 to 7.8 mm dorso-ventral) were made from the neurons that responded to ED (30-60 mmHg) and/or CRD (30-60 mmHg). After characterization of ICNs to visceral stimulation (ED and CRD), 0.1 ml of PBS (0.1M, pH 7.4) was infused slowly (0.1ml/min) into the esophagus followed by the same volume of 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2). The infusate (0.1 ml) was applied three times at 60s, 300s and 540s. The interval of each infusion time was 4 minutes. The ED and CRD were repeated 15 minutes after acid infusion to study the responses of neurons. Results: Fifteen ED or CRD sensitive neurons were studied for their responses to PBS and acid infusion. All neurons (15/15, 100%) exhibited excitation (p<0.05) following acid infusion, whereas PBS had no effect on the responses of these neurons. Eleven EDand 10 CRDresponsive neurons were fully characterized to preand post-acid condition. Following acid infusion, 11/11 (100%) ED-responsive neurons exhibited increased activity in response to ED. In contrast, 10/10 (100%) CRD-responsive neurons exhibited decreased activity during CRD. In addition, acid, but not PBS, infusion increased the spontaneous firing of all recorded neurons and continued for 30 to 45 minutes after cessation of infusion. Conclusions: Intraesophageal acid infusion significantly alters the response characteristics of ICNs in rats. Esophageal acid infusion differentially modulates the activities of ICNs that receive convergent input from esophagus and colon.
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Su1972 Characterization of a Rodent Model for Functional MRI Studies of Esophageal Acid Related Sensory Physiology
Gastroenterology, 2012Co-Authors: Patrick Sanvanson, Venelin Kounev, B. Douglas Ward, Bidyut K. Medda, James S. Hyde, Reza ShakerAbstract:Background: Insula represents an important site in the brain for multi-modal convergence and has been implicated in processing of visceral sensation. Earlier fMRI studies in humans (Lawall, et al. Am J Physiol 2008;294:G787-94) have shown activation and sensitization of insula in response to esophageal acid stimulation. However, response characteristics of insular neurons to esophageal chemical and mechanical stimulation have not been studied. Aims: Our aims in this study were: (i) to determine the influence of esophageal acid stimulation on the insular cortex neurons (ICNs) and (ii) to characterize the responses of these neurons to esophageal distension (ED) and colorectal distension (CRD) before and after esophageal acid exposure. Methods: Eleven male rats (SD, 300-400g) were initially anaesthetized with a mixture of α-chloralose (80mg/kg, i.p.) + urethane (800mg/kg, i.p.). The anesthetics were periodically supplemented (i.v.) every 3 hours with one-fourth of the initial dose and the blood pressure was constantly monitored. A craniotomy (Bregma: +2.5 to -2.5 mm, 2.0 to 7.0 mm lateral) was performed to access insular cortex (IC). Extracellular recordings from the ICNs (Bregma: +1.8 to -2.2 mm, 5.0 to 7.4 mm lateral, 5.8 to 7.8 mm dorso-ventral) were made from the neurons that responded to ED (30-60 mmHg) and/or CRD (30-60 mmHg). After characterization of ICNs to visceral stimulation (ED and CRD), 0.1 ml of PBS (0.1M, pH 7.4) was infused slowly (0.1ml/min) into the esophagus followed by the same volume of 0.1N HCl (pH 1.2). The infusate (0.1 ml) was applied three times at 60s, 300s and 540s. The interval of each infusion time was 4 minutes. The ED and CRD were repeated 15 minutes after acid infusion to study the responses of neurons. Results: Fifteen ED or CRD sensitive neurons were studied for their responses to PBS and acid infusion. All neurons (15/15, 100%) exhibited excitation (p
Ricardo A. Velluti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Brain Networks and Sleep Generation: A Hypothesis on Neuronal Cell and Assembly Shifts, a New Short Approach
The Auditory System in Sleep, 2018Co-Authors: Ricardo A. VellutiAbstract:This chapter outlines a hypothesis of the effects of neuronal cell/assembly shifts on brain networks and sleep generation. The interaction between sleep and Sensory Physiology is an important factor as any sufficiently intense Sensory stimulation can produce awakening from any stage of sleep. Therefore, incoming Sensory information can alter the Physiology of sleep and wakefulness, and these states modulate incoming information, with normal sleep is in many ways being dependent on Sensory input.
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Interactions between sleep and Sensory Physiology
Journal of sleep research, 1997Co-Authors: Ricardo A. VellutiAbstract:The processing of Sensory information is definitely present during sleep, however, profound modifications occur. All Sensory systems reviewed (visual, auditory, vestibular, somesthetic and olfactory) demonstrate some influence on sleep and, at the same time, Sensory systems undergo changes that depend on the sleep or waking state of the brain. Thus, different Sensory modalities encoded by their specific receptors and pathways may not only alter the sleep and waking Physiology, but also the sleeping brain imposes ‘rules’ on the incoming information. It is suggested that the neural networks responsible for sleep and waking control are actively modulated by Sensory inputs in order to enter and maintain normal sleep and wakefulness. Furthermore, both Sensory stimulation and deprivation may induce changes in sleep/waking neural networks. This leads to the conclusion that the central nervous system and Sensory input have reciprocal interactions, on which normal sleep/waking cycling and behaviour depends.
Ellis R. Loew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Light effects on alewife‐mysid interactions in Lake Ontario: A combined Sensory Physiology, behavioral, and spatial approach
Limnology and Oceanography, 2010Co-Authors: Brent T. Boscarino, Lars G. Rudstam, Jill Tirabassi, John Janssen, Ellis R. LoewAbstract:An understanding of the effect of light on predator–prey interactions in aquatic systems requires the integration of Sensory Physiology, behavioral ecology, and spatial distributions of predator and prey in the field. Here, we present such an integrative approach to a study on the interactions between the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, and the mysid shrimp, Mysis diluviana, (formerlyM. relicta) in Lake Ontario at night, when it is unknown whether visual feeding is possible. Visual pigment analyses of alewife rod photoreceptors were used to derive an alewife-specific unit of brightness—the ‘alelux’ (wavelength of maximum absorbance, lmax 5 505 nm)—which formed the basic unit of light intensity in alewife feeding-rate experiments and field applications. At light levels of 1027 alelux (, 1024.1 lux) and greater in the laboratory, alewives engaged in visual search and strike behaviors and fed at rates that were significantly higher than those under completely dark conditions. Field observations from Lake Ontario showed that light levels at the upper edge of the mysid distribution were within the range of those required for visual feeding in the laboratory on a full moon night, but not on a new moon night. These increased light levels translated into feeding rates that were . 30 times higher on the full moon night, despite a larger degree of spatial separation of the two trophic levels. We hypothesize that observed increased water clarity in Lake Ontario in recent years has led to increased consumption of mysids by alewife at night and associated food-web changes. Of the many factors that affect fish feeding success, light may be the most dynamic because light intensity changes over many orders of magnitude throughout the day–night
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light effects on alewife mysid interactions in lake ontario a combined Sensory Physiology behavioral and spatial approach
Limnology and Oceanography, 2010Co-Authors: Brent T. Boscarino, Lars G. Rudstam, Jill Tirabassi, John Janssen, Ellis R. LoewAbstract:An understanding of the effect of light on predator–prey interactions in aquatic systems requires the integration of Sensory Physiology, behavioral ecology, and spatial distributions of predator and prey in the field. Here, we present such an integrative approach to a study on the interactions between the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, and the mysid shrimp, Mysis diluviana, (formerlyM. relicta) in Lake Ontario at night, when it is unknown whether visual feeding is possible. Visual pigment analyses of alewife rod photoreceptors were used to derive an alewife-specific unit of brightness—the ‘alelux’ (wavelength of maximum absorbance, lmax 5 505 nm)—which formed the basic unit of light intensity in alewife feeding-rate experiments and field applications. At light levels of 1027 alelux (, 1024.1 lux) and greater in the laboratory, alewives engaged in visual search and strike behaviors and fed at rates that were significantly higher than those under completely dark conditions. Field observations from Lake Ontario showed that light levels at the upper edge of the mysid distribution were within the range of those required for visual feeding in the laboratory on a full moon night, but not on a new moon night. These increased light levels translated into feeding rates that were . 30 times higher on the full moon night, despite a larger degree of spatial separation of the two trophic levels. We hypothesize that observed increased water clarity in Lake Ontario in recent years has led to increased consumption of mysids by alewife at night and associated food-web changes. Of the many factors that affect fish feeding success, light may be the most dynamic because light intensity changes over many orders of magnitude throughout the day–night
