The Experts below are selected from a list of 987 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Phillip B Levine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early childhood education by television lessons from Sesame Street
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Melissa S Kearney, Phillip B LevineAbstract:We investigate whether preschool-age children exposed to Sesame Street when it aired in 1969 experienced improved educational and labor market outcomes. We exploit geographic variation in broadcast reception derived from technological factors, namely UHF versus VHF transmission. This variation is then related to Census data on grade-for-age status, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes. The results indicate that Sesame Street improved school performance, particularly for boys. The point estimates for long-term educational and labor market outcomes are generally imprecise.
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early childhood education by mooc lessons from Sesame Street
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2015Co-Authors: Melissa S Kearney, Phillip B LevineAbstract:This paper investigates whether preschool children exposed to Sesame Street when it began in 1969 experienced improved educational and labor market outcomes subsequently. We exploit geographic variation in broadcast reception derived from technological limitations, including distance to a broadcast tower and UHF versus VHF transmission. We relate this variation to Census data on grade-for-age status, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes in 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. The results indicate that Sesame Street improved school readiness, particularly for boys and children living in economically disadvantaged areas. The estimated impact on ultimate educational attainment and labor market outcomes is inconclusive.
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early childhood education by mooc lessons from Sesame Street
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Melissa S Kearney, Phillip B LevineAbstract:This paper investigates whether preschool children exposed to Sesame Street when it began in 1969 experienced improved educational and labor market outcomes subsequently. We exploit geographic variation in broadcast reception derived from technological limitations, including distance to a broadcast tower and UHF versus VHF transmission. We relate this variation to Census data on grade-for-age status, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes in 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. The results indicate that Sesame Street improved school readiness, particularly for boys and children living in economically disadvantaged areas. The estimated impact on ultimate educational attainment and labor market outcomes is inconclusive.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Melissa S Kearney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early childhood education by television lessons from Sesame Street
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2019Co-Authors: Melissa S Kearney, Phillip B LevineAbstract:We investigate whether preschool-age children exposed to Sesame Street when it aired in 1969 experienced improved educational and labor market outcomes. We exploit geographic variation in broadcast reception derived from technological factors, namely UHF versus VHF transmission. This variation is then related to Census data on grade-for-age status, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes. The results indicate that Sesame Street improved school performance, particularly for boys. The point estimates for long-term educational and labor market outcomes are generally imprecise.
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early childhood education by mooc lessons from Sesame Street
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2015Co-Authors: Melissa S Kearney, Phillip B LevineAbstract:This paper investigates whether preschool children exposed to Sesame Street when it began in 1969 experienced improved educational and labor market outcomes subsequently. We exploit geographic variation in broadcast reception derived from technological limitations, including distance to a broadcast tower and UHF versus VHF transmission. We relate this variation to Census data on grade-for-age status, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes in 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. The results indicate that Sesame Street improved school readiness, particularly for boys and children living in economically disadvantaged areas. The estimated impact on ultimate educational attainment and labor market outcomes is inconclusive.
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early childhood education by mooc lessons from Sesame Street
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Melissa S Kearney, Phillip B LevineAbstract:This paper investigates whether preschool children exposed to Sesame Street when it began in 1969 experienced improved educational and labor market outcomes subsequently. We exploit geographic variation in broadcast reception derived from technological limitations, including distance to a broadcast tower and UHF versus VHF transmission. We relate this variation to Census data on grade-for-age status, educational attainment, and labor market outcomes in 1980, 1990, and 2000, respectively. The results indicate that Sesame Street improved school readiness, particularly for boys and children living in economically disadvantaged areas. The estimated impact on ultimate educational attainment and labor market outcomes is inconclusive.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Charlotte F Cole - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seven essential elements for creating effective children s media to promote peacebuilding lessons from international coproductions of Sesame Street and other children s media programs
New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2018Co-Authors: Charlotte F Cole, June H Lee, Abigail Bucuvalas, Yasemin SiraliAbstract:Children's media have the capacity to prepare young learners to develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills they need to contribute to a more peaceful world. Research suggests international coproductions of Sesame Street and other children's media efforts are linked to positive impact on how viewers perceive themselves and their own cultures, as well as how they perceive others. Creating such media, however, relies on a commitment to a complex development process where the educational needs of children are considered alongside intra- and intergroup dynamics and political realities. This paper presents a practitioners' perspective on the essential components of children's media programs for peacebuilding and, in so doing, recommends a way forward for producing children's media in this domain.
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the world of Sesame Street research
2014Co-Authors: Charlotte F Cole, Beth A Richman, Susan Mccann K BrownAbstract:The globalization of Sesame Street began in the early 1970s, shortly after the series' initial broadcast in 1969 in the United States. Producers from Brazil, Mexico, Canada, and Germany approached CTW independently, seeing the value of Sesame Street, but wanting programs that would specifically address the educational needs of the children of their own countries. To create the se ries that the producers imagined, CTW devised a flexible production plan that has continued to evolve over time and is now used to develop all of our international productions of Sesame Street. Although this model was fairly simple-initially, producers enhanced dubbed versions of the program with instructional cutaways and local language voice-overs-eventually a full model emerged. As in the United States, a triune of individuals is involved: Producers are responsible for the creative elements of the production, educa tional content specialists set the curricular priorities, and researchers represent the voice of the child and provide information about the program's effective ness. Studio sets reflective of a given culture are created by local production teams and inhabited by characters developed specifically for each adaptation. Live-action videos and animations are produced in-country, giving the local viewers characters and venues that have direct relevance to their own lives. For example, the production in Mexico, which was one of the first produc tions to use the model in its fullest form, takes place in a colorful Plaza popu lated by Abelardo, a bright green parrot, a grouch character named Poncho Contreras, and others. At least one half of the material broadcast is created by the local producer, whereas 50% or less of the program's content is material dubbed from CTW's international library of segments. These segments are selected by each local production team for their pertinence to a given pro gram's educational goals and for their general contribution to the production.
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begin with the children what research on Sesame Street s international coproductions reveals about using media to promote a new more peaceful world
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2008Co-Authors: Charlotte F Cole, Daniel Labin, Maria Del Rocio GalarzaAbstract:For nearly four decades, Sesame Workshop 1 has brought the joy of learning to the world's youngest citizens through the introduction of locally-produced coproductions of the preschool television series, Sesame Street. Many of these television shows have been specifically designed to forward important prosocial messages directly linked to the complex socio-political backdrop in which they are created. Focusing on recent projects in Israel, Palestine, Jordan, and Kosovo, this article reviews research on the educational effectiveness of these initiatives and highlights the ways in which study results provide information on best practices for media projects designed for children living in regions of conflict. The paper also reviews the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches and provides practical information on how difficult issues have been presented in an age-appropriate and culturally-relevant manner. By acknowledging the challenges inherent to producing media designed to effect attitudinal and behavior changes in places mired in ongoing conflict, these studies, when examined as a group, provide emerging evidence of the need for increasingly direct and specific media intervention efforts. Presenting these studies in light of the projects that they evaluate and the related socio-political circumstances offers a body of evidence suggesting the educational value of these media efforts and indicating a need for further study in this field.
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the impact of Sesame Street on preschool children a review and synthesis of 30 years research
Media Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: Shalom M. Fisch, Rosemarie T Truglio, Charlotte F ColeAbstract:Thirty years after its broadcast premiere, Sesame Street continues to pursue its mission of entertaining and educating children around the world. This article assesses the impact of the U.S. Sesame Street and several international Sesame Street coproductions, through a review of research on the series' effects on children's academic skills and social behavior: Consistent patterns of data collected over 30 years indicate that Sesame Street holds significant positive effects for its viewers across a broad range of subject areas. Measurable effects can endure for as long as 10 to 12 years, and many have been found to be consistent across countries and cultures as well.
Ion Androutsopoulos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neural contract element extraction revisited letters from Sesame Street
arXiv: Computation and Language, 2021Co-Authors: Ilias Chalkidis, Prodromos Malakasiotis, Manos Fergadiotis, Ion AndroutsopoulosAbstract:We investigate contract element extraction. We show that LSTM-based encoders perform better than dilated CNNs, Transformers, and BERT in this task. We also find that domain-specific WORD2VEC embeddings outperform generic pre-trained GLOVE embeddings. Morpho-syntactic features in the form of POS tag and token shape embeddings, as well as context-aware ELMO embeddings do not improve performance. Several of these observations contradict choices or findings of previous work on contract element extraction and generic sequence labeling tasks, indicating that contract element extraction requires careful task-specific choices. Analyzing the results of (i) plain TRANSFORMER-based and (ii) BERT-based models, we find that in the examined task, where the entities are highly context-sensitive, the lack of recurrency in TRANSFORMERs greatly affects their performance.
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greek bert the greeks visiting Sesame Street
Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020Co-Authors: John Koutsikakis, Ilias Chalkidis, Prodromos Malakasiotis, Ion AndroutsopoulosAbstract:Transformer-based language models, such as BERT and its variants, have achieved state-of-the-art performance in several downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks on generic benchmark datasets (e.g., GLUE, SQUAD, RACE). However, these models have mostly been applied to the resource-rich English language. In this paper, we present GREEK-BERT, a monolingual BERT -based language model for modern Greek. We evaluate its performance in three NLP tasks, i.e., part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, and natural language inference, obtaining state-of-the-art performance. Interestingly, in two of the benchmarks GREEK-BERT outperforms two multilingual Transformer-based models (M-BERT, XLM-R), as well as shallower neural baselines operating on pre-trained word embeddings, by a large margin (5%-10%). Most importantly, we make both GREEK-BERT and our training code publicly available, along with code illustrating how GREEK-BERT can be fine-tuned for downstream NLP tasks. We expect these resources to boost NLP research and applications for modern Greek.
Androutsopoulos Ion - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neural Contract Element Extraction Revisited: Letters from Sesame Street
2021Co-Authors: Chalkidis Ilias, Malakasiotis Prodromos, Fergadiotis Manos, Androutsopoulos IonAbstract:We investigate contract element extraction. We show that LSTM-based encoders perform better than dilated CNNs, Transformers, and BERT in this task. We also find that domain-specific WORD2VEC embeddings outperform generic pre-trained GLOVE embeddings. Morpho-syntactic features in the form of POS tag and token shape embeddings, as well as context-aware ELMO embeddings do not improve performance. Several of these observations contradict choices or findings of previous work on contract element extraction and generic sequence labeling tasks, indicating that contract element extraction requires careful task-specific choices. Analyzing the results of (i) plain TRANSFORMER-based and (ii) BERT-based models, we find that in the examined task, where the entities are highly context-sensitive, the lack of recurrency in TRANSFORMERs greatly affects their performance.Comment: 6 page
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GREEK-BERT: The Greeks visiting Sesame Street
'Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)', 2020Co-Authors: Koutsikakis John, Chalkidis Ilias, Malakasiotis Prodromos, Androutsopoulos IonAbstract:Transformer-based language models, such as BERT and its variants, have achieved state-of-the-art performance in several downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks on generic benchmark datasets (e.g., GLUE, SQUAD, RACE). However, these models have mostly been applied to the resource-rich English language. In this paper, we present GREEK-BERT, a monolingual BERT-based language model for modern Greek. We evaluate its performance in three NLP tasks, i.e., part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, and natural language inference, obtaining state-of-the-art performance. Interestingly, in two of the benchmarks GREEK-BERT outperforms two multilingual Transformer-based models (M-BERT, XLM-R), as well as shallower neural baselines operating on pre-trained word embeddings, by a large margin (5%-10%). Most importantly, we make both GREEK-BERT and our training code publicly available, along with code illustrating how GREEK-BERT can be fine-tuned for downstream NLP tasks. We expect these resources to boost NLP research and applications for modern Greek.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, 11th Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SETN 2020