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Adam A. Blackler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From Boondoggle to Settlement Colony: Hendrik Witbooi and the Evolution of Germany's Imperial Project in Southwest Africa, 1884–1894
Central European History, 2017Co-Authors: Adam A. BlacklerAbstract:In the span of ten years, what started as a minor commercial enterprise in a faraway African territory grew into an important extension of the German state. This article reorients our understanding of the relationship between the Kaiserreich and its overseas empire, specifically with a focus on Captain Hendrik Witbooi and on how the Witbooi Namaqua he led influenced the evolution of German imperial rule in Southwest Africa between 1884 and 1894. Witbooi's refusal to accept imperial authority compelled colonial officials to confront their administrative limitations in the Colony. When the facade of imperial fantasy gave way to colonial reality, German administrators expanded the size and scope of the imperial government to subdue the Namaqua. The article emphasizes the appointments of Landeshauptmann Curt von Francois and Governor Theodor Leutwein as critical examples of Witbooi's impact on imperial policy, as well as the colonial administration's embrace of military violence to attain German supremacy in Southwest Africa. An emphasis on the Witbooi Namaqua illustrates the prominent role of Africans in German colonial history and exposes how peoples in distant places like Windhoek and Otjimbingwe manipulated official efforts to control and exploit the Colony.
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from boondoggle to Settlement Colony hendrik witbooi and the evolution of germany s imperial project in southwest africa 1884 1894
Central European History, 2017Co-Authors: Adam A. BlacklerAbstract:In the span of ten years, what started as a minor commercial enterprise in a faraway African territory grew into an important extension of the German state. This article reorients our understanding of the relationship between the Kaiserreich and its overseas empire, specifically with a focus on Captain Hendrik Witbooi and on how the Witbooi Namaqua he led influenced the evolution of German imperial rule in Southwest Africa between 1884 and 1894. Witbooi's refusal to accept imperial authority compelled colonial officials to confront their administrative limitations in the Colony. When the facade of imperial fantasy gave way to colonial reality, German administrators expanded the size and scope of the imperial government to subdue the Namaqua. The article emphasizes the appointments of Landeshauptmann Curt von Francois and Governor Theodor Leutwein as critical examples of Witbooi's impact on imperial policy, as well as the colonial administration's embrace of military violence to attain German supremacy in Southwest Africa. An emphasis on the Witbooi Namaqua illustrates the prominent role of Africans in German colonial history and exposes how peoples in distant places like Windhoek and Otjimbingwe manipulated official efforts to control and exploit the Colony.
Vincent Leblan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Impact of West African Trade on the Distribution of Chimpanzee and Elephant Populations (Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, 19th–20th Century)
Human Ecology, 2014Co-Authors: Vincent LeblanAbstract:This article elaborates a relational historical geography of human, chimpanzee and elephant populations, working mainly from precolonial and early colonial (nineteenth and twentieth century) narratives by travellers to regions now corresponding to parts of Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Senegal. It then compares a global ‘West African trade’ model of human and animal population’s spatial distribution with elements of an ‘East African Settlement Colony’ model drawn from other historical research. This perspective balances mainstream evolutionary approaches to animal biogeography with the human history, ecology and the geopolitics of their habitats. Taking such historical processes into account helps to unravel contrastive spatial and temporal dynamics of large mammal populations and to raise new questions about the anthropogenic causes of present-day population distributions.
Sylvie Thénault - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Algeria: On the Margins of French Punitive Space?
2015Co-Authors: Sylvie ThénaultAbstract:In France in the nineteenth century, being sent to the colonies was considered a form of punishment. People were sent there following various measures, covering different legal forms and applied with variable degrees of consistency. Some of these measures were implemented on very rare occasions, whereas others were used on a massive scale over very long periods of time. Thus, there were legal punishments ordered by the courts, following an investigation or trial: deportation, a political punishment used in particular against the insurgents of the Paris Commune in 1871; or hard labour, with convicts sent to penal colonies. There were also measures implemented by the administration or political powers: "transportation," a measure created for insurgents of June 1848; or internment, aimed at opponents to the 1851 coup d'etat. Lastly, "relegation" (or exile) was a punishment created in 1885 for repeat offenders. i Algeria held a marginal place in this punitive system because it did not need penal colonisation to become a Settlement Colony. It was conquered and colonised in the period 830-80, when Europe was a land of emigration. Its proximity with Europe also gave it an advantage over other potential destinations for migrants, especially Spaniards and Italians. The men and women sent to the colonies for various penal reasons were sent to New Caledonia and French Guiana-it is estimated that 100,000 people were sent to penal colonies between 1852 and 1938.ii
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Algeria: On the Margins of French Punitive Space?
2015Co-Authors: Sylvie ThénaultAbstract:In France in the nineteenth century, being sent to the colonies was considered a form of punishment. People were sent there following various measures, covering different legal forms and applied with variable degrees of consistency. Some of these measures were implemented on very rare occasions, whereas others were used on a massive scale over very long periods of time. Thus, there were legal punishments ordered by the courts, following an investigation or trial: deportation, a political punishment used in particular against the insurgents of the Paris Commune in 1871; or hard labour, with convicts sent to penal colonies. There were also measures implemented by the administration or political powers: "transportation," a measure created for insurgents of June 1848; or internment, aimed at opponents to the 1851 coup d'état. Lastly, "relegation" (or exile) was a punishment created in 1885 for repeat offenders. i Algeria held a marginal place in this punitive system because it did not need penal colonisation to become a Settlement Colony. It was conquered and colonised in the period 830-80, when Europe was a land of emigration. Its proximity with Europe also gave it an advantage over other potential destinations for migrants, especially Spaniards and Italians. The men and women sent to the colonies for various penal reasons were sent to New Caledonia and French Guiana-it is estimated that 100,000 people were sent to penal colonies between 1852 and 1938.ii
Peter L. Harrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Density of coral larvae can influence Settlement, post-Settlement Colony abundance and coral cover in larval restoration
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Kerry A. Cameron, Peter L. HarrisonAbstract:Successful recruitment of new individuals is essential for recovery of degraded coral reefs. Enhancing supply of coral larvae increases initial Settlement, however post-Settlement survival can be influenced by density-dependent processes. We investigated the influence of larval density on Settlement, Colony abundance and growth to 24 months for Acropora tenuis in the north-western Philippines, to determine whether larval supply can be optimised to maximise successful recruitment. Thirty different densities of coral larvae were enclosed for five days around Settlement tiles and highest total Settlement occurred on tiles with highest larval densities. After 12 months, however, Colony abundance and coral cover was lower on high density tiles (supplied with ~2,500–5,000 larvae) than tiles supplied with ~1,000–2,000 larvae. Coral cover at 24 months remained highest on tiles supplied with ~1,000–2,500 larvae. Larval density influenced larval substratum selection, with proportionally fewer larvae settling in typically preferred locations as density increased. We conclude that larval density can influence post-Settlement Colony abundance and coral cover to 12 months, with coral cover trends persisting to 24 months. We show that optimising larval densities can maximise coral recruitment and growth, however oversupply of larvae at very high densities can have negative outcomes for larval restoration.
Pauline Collombier-lakeman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Applying a Transnational Approach to the Question of Irish Home Rule: Ireland, New Zealand and Home Rule
Revue française de civilisation britannique, 2019Co-Authors: Pauline Collombier-lakemanAbstract:The paper aims to examine the Home Rule question as a debate, which triggered an interest and some discussions beyond the borders of Ireland and the United Kingdom. Through the example of New Zealand, a British Settlement Colony, which enjoyed self-governance and had welcomed an Irish diaspora, the paper will attempt to shed light on several important facts. First, Irish communities settled abroad were a source of financial and moral support for the Irish Parliamentary Party and for the Irish organisations campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland. Secondly, like Canada or Australia, New Zealand was a colonial precedent, which Irish Home Rulers used to legitimize their demand for self-government. Lastly, the Home Rule issue also allowed New Zealanders to ponder over their own issues, such as their place within the British Empire and their identity.