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Brigitta Schütt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A geoarchaeological case study in the chora of Pergamon, western Turkey, to reconstruct the late Holocene landscape development and Settlement History
Quaternary International, 2015Co-Authors: Steffen Schneider, Albrecht Matthaei, Marlen Schlöffel, Cornelius Meyer, Mario Kronwald, Anna Pint, Brigitta SchüttAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates the late Holocene landscape development and Settlement History of the central Bakircay valley (the ancient Kaikos valley) in western Turkey, which exemplifies a buried archaeological site approximately 12 km SW of Pergamon. A minimally intrusive geoarchaeological approach was applied by coupling an archaeological survey, geophysical exploration, geomorphological mapping and sedimentological analysis of drilling cores and pre-existing outcrops. The geomorphological and lithostratigraphical results imply that in the early and middle Holocene the site was situated on a depositional piedmont plain that was protected from the annual Bakircay floods. Over the past two millennia, the Bakircay flood plain was gradually aggraded and the site became prone to flooding. Despite the limitations of non-intrusive archaeological investigations, three scenarios were developed on the function and age of the buried site. Hence, the site was either a sanctuary from the 2nd century AD, a luxurious estate from the 4th–8th century AD, or a lime kiln from late Antique/Byzantine times.
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late holocene human environmental interactions in the eastern mediterranean Settlement History and paleogeography of an ancient aegean hill top Settlement
Quaternary International, 2014Co-Authors: Steffen Schneider, Albrecht Matthaei, Wiebke Bebermeier, Brigitta SchüttAbstract:Abstract Interactions between Settlement History and landscape evolution of a hill-top Settlement on the West Anatolian Coast near ancient Pergamon (modern Bergama) were studied by a combination of archaeological and geographical investigations. Ceramics, ancient literary and epigraphic texts, numismatics and architectural remains show that the hill-top had been populated since late Bronze Age times. From the sixth century BC until the change of the eras, the hill was occupied by a Greek polis – Atarneus – and was abandoned afterwards. It was newly populated in the second half of the twelfth and the first half of the thirteenth century AD. The lithostratigraphy of nine drilling cores, arranged in three transects and dated by AMS radiocarbon dating, shows that during the past 4000 years the sedimentary plains surrounding the Settlement hill were aggraded by braided and meandering rivers, while colluviation and alluvial fan deposition occurred at the foot-slopes. Sedimentation totaled about 5–7 m in the past 4000 years, evidencing a “drowning” of the landscape in terrestrial sediments. Although channels shifted repeatedly and alluvial fan deposition fluctuated, the depositional system did not change in general during the past 4000 years. This striking resistance to the changing Settlement and land use intensity is an effect of the distinct modification of the slopes through terracing that countervailed erosion and likewise increased the buffering capacity of the sediment storages on the slopes. There is no evidence that landscape deterioration contributed to the abandonment of the Settlement hill. Rather, socio-economic factors were crucial for the rise and fall of the Settlements occupying the hill.
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Late Holocene human–environmental interactions in the Eastern Mediterranean: Settlement History and paleogeography of an ancient Aegean hill-top Settlement
Quaternary International, 2014Co-Authors: Steffen Schneider, Albrecht Matthaei, Wiebke Bebermeier, Brigitta SchüttAbstract:Abstract Interactions between Settlement History and landscape evolution of a hill-top Settlement on the West Anatolian Coast near ancient Pergamon (modern Bergama) were studied by a combination of archaeological and geographical investigations. Ceramics, ancient literary and epigraphic texts, numismatics and architectural remains show that the hill-top had been populated since late Bronze Age times. From the sixth century BC until the change of the eras, the hill was occupied by a Greek polis – Atarneus – and was abandoned afterwards. It was newly populated in the second half of the twelfth and the first half of the thirteenth century AD. The lithostratigraphy of nine drilling cores, arranged in three transects and dated by AMS radiocarbon dating, shows that during the past 4000 years the sedimentary plains surrounding the Settlement hill were aggraded by braided and meandering rivers, while colluviation and alluvial fan deposition occurred at the foot-slopes. Sedimentation totaled about 5–7 m in the past 4000 years, evidencing a “drowning” of the landscape in terrestrial sediments. Although channels shifted repeatedly and alluvial fan deposition fluctuated, the depositional system did not change in general during the past 4000 years. This striking resistance to the changing Settlement and land use intensity is an effect of the distinct modification of the slopes through terracing that countervailed erosion and likewise increased the buffering capacity of the sediment storages on the slopes. There is no evidence that landscape deterioration contributed to the abandonment of the Settlement hill. Rather, socio-economic factors were crucial for the rise and fall of the Settlements occupying the hill.
Steffen Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A geoarchaeological case study in the chora of Pergamon, western Turkey, to reconstruct the late Holocene landscape development and Settlement History
Quaternary International, 2015Co-Authors: Steffen Schneider, Albrecht Matthaei, Marlen Schlöffel, Cornelius Meyer, Mario Kronwald, Anna Pint, Brigitta SchüttAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates the late Holocene landscape development and Settlement History of the central Bakircay valley (the ancient Kaikos valley) in western Turkey, which exemplifies a buried archaeological site approximately 12 km SW of Pergamon. A minimally intrusive geoarchaeological approach was applied by coupling an archaeological survey, geophysical exploration, geomorphological mapping and sedimentological analysis of drilling cores and pre-existing outcrops. The geomorphological and lithostratigraphical results imply that in the early and middle Holocene the site was situated on a depositional piedmont plain that was protected from the annual Bakircay floods. Over the past two millennia, the Bakircay flood plain was gradually aggraded and the site became prone to flooding. Despite the limitations of non-intrusive archaeological investigations, three scenarios were developed on the function and age of the buried site. Hence, the site was either a sanctuary from the 2nd century AD, a luxurious estate from the 4th–8th century AD, or a lime kiln from late Antique/Byzantine times.
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late holocene human environmental interactions in the eastern mediterranean Settlement History and paleogeography of an ancient aegean hill top Settlement
Quaternary International, 2014Co-Authors: Steffen Schneider, Albrecht Matthaei, Wiebke Bebermeier, Brigitta SchüttAbstract:Abstract Interactions between Settlement History and landscape evolution of a hill-top Settlement on the West Anatolian Coast near ancient Pergamon (modern Bergama) were studied by a combination of archaeological and geographical investigations. Ceramics, ancient literary and epigraphic texts, numismatics and architectural remains show that the hill-top had been populated since late Bronze Age times. From the sixth century BC until the change of the eras, the hill was occupied by a Greek polis – Atarneus – and was abandoned afterwards. It was newly populated in the second half of the twelfth and the first half of the thirteenth century AD. The lithostratigraphy of nine drilling cores, arranged in three transects and dated by AMS radiocarbon dating, shows that during the past 4000 years the sedimentary plains surrounding the Settlement hill were aggraded by braided and meandering rivers, while colluviation and alluvial fan deposition occurred at the foot-slopes. Sedimentation totaled about 5–7 m in the past 4000 years, evidencing a “drowning” of the landscape in terrestrial sediments. Although channels shifted repeatedly and alluvial fan deposition fluctuated, the depositional system did not change in general during the past 4000 years. This striking resistance to the changing Settlement and land use intensity is an effect of the distinct modification of the slopes through terracing that countervailed erosion and likewise increased the buffering capacity of the sediment storages on the slopes. There is no evidence that landscape deterioration contributed to the abandonment of the Settlement hill. Rather, socio-economic factors were crucial for the rise and fall of the Settlements occupying the hill.
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Late Holocene human–environmental interactions in the Eastern Mediterranean: Settlement History and paleogeography of an ancient Aegean hill-top Settlement
Quaternary International, 2014Co-Authors: Steffen Schneider, Albrecht Matthaei, Wiebke Bebermeier, Brigitta SchüttAbstract:Abstract Interactions between Settlement History and landscape evolution of a hill-top Settlement on the West Anatolian Coast near ancient Pergamon (modern Bergama) were studied by a combination of archaeological and geographical investigations. Ceramics, ancient literary and epigraphic texts, numismatics and architectural remains show that the hill-top had been populated since late Bronze Age times. From the sixth century BC until the change of the eras, the hill was occupied by a Greek polis – Atarneus – and was abandoned afterwards. It was newly populated in the second half of the twelfth and the first half of the thirteenth century AD. The lithostratigraphy of nine drilling cores, arranged in three transects and dated by AMS radiocarbon dating, shows that during the past 4000 years the sedimentary plains surrounding the Settlement hill were aggraded by braided and meandering rivers, while colluviation and alluvial fan deposition occurred at the foot-slopes. Sedimentation totaled about 5–7 m in the past 4000 years, evidencing a “drowning” of the landscape in terrestrial sediments. Although channels shifted repeatedly and alluvial fan deposition fluctuated, the depositional system did not change in general during the past 4000 years. This striking resistance to the changing Settlement and land use intensity is an effect of the distinct modification of the slopes through terracing that countervailed erosion and likewise increased the buffering capacity of the sediment storages on the slopes. There is no evidence that landscape deterioration contributed to the abandonment of the Settlement hill. Rather, socio-economic factors were crucial for the rise and fall of the Settlements occupying the hill.
Albrecht Matthaei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A geoarchaeological case study in the chora of Pergamon, western Turkey, to reconstruct the late Holocene landscape development and Settlement History
Quaternary International, 2015Co-Authors: Steffen Schneider, Albrecht Matthaei, Marlen Schlöffel, Cornelius Meyer, Mario Kronwald, Anna Pint, Brigitta SchüttAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates the late Holocene landscape development and Settlement History of the central Bakircay valley (the ancient Kaikos valley) in western Turkey, which exemplifies a buried archaeological site approximately 12 km SW of Pergamon. A minimally intrusive geoarchaeological approach was applied by coupling an archaeological survey, geophysical exploration, geomorphological mapping and sedimentological analysis of drilling cores and pre-existing outcrops. The geomorphological and lithostratigraphical results imply that in the early and middle Holocene the site was situated on a depositional piedmont plain that was protected from the annual Bakircay floods. Over the past two millennia, the Bakircay flood plain was gradually aggraded and the site became prone to flooding. Despite the limitations of non-intrusive archaeological investigations, three scenarios were developed on the function and age of the buried site. Hence, the site was either a sanctuary from the 2nd century AD, a luxurious estate from the 4th–8th century AD, or a lime kiln from late Antique/Byzantine times.
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late holocene human environmental interactions in the eastern mediterranean Settlement History and paleogeography of an ancient aegean hill top Settlement
Quaternary International, 2014Co-Authors: Steffen Schneider, Albrecht Matthaei, Wiebke Bebermeier, Brigitta SchüttAbstract:Abstract Interactions between Settlement History and landscape evolution of a hill-top Settlement on the West Anatolian Coast near ancient Pergamon (modern Bergama) were studied by a combination of archaeological and geographical investigations. Ceramics, ancient literary and epigraphic texts, numismatics and architectural remains show that the hill-top had been populated since late Bronze Age times. From the sixth century BC until the change of the eras, the hill was occupied by a Greek polis – Atarneus – and was abandoned afterwards. It was newly populated in the second half of the twelfth and the first half of the thirteenth century AD. The lithostratigraphy of nine drilling cores, arranged in three transects and dated by AMS radiocarbon dating, shows that during the past 4000 years the sedimentary plains surrounding the Settlement hill were aggraded by braided and meandering rivers, while colluviation and alluvial fan deposition occurred at the foot-slopes. Sedimentation totaled about 5–7 m in the past 4000 years, evidencing a “drowning” of the landscape in terrestrial sediments. Although channels shifted repeatedly and alluvial fan deposition fluctuated, the depositional system did not change in general during the past 4000 years. This striking resistance to the changing Settlement and land use intensity is an effect of the distinct modification of the slopes through terracing that countervailed erosion and likewise increased the buffering capacity of the sediment storages on the slopes. There is no evidence that landscape deterioration contributed to the abandonment of the Settlement hill. Rather, socio-economic factors were crucial for the rise and fall of the Settlements occupying the hill.
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Late Holocene human–environmental interactions in the Eastern Mediterranean: Settlement History and paleogeography of an ancient Aegean hill-top Settlement
Quaternary International, 2014Co-Authors: Steffen Schneider, Albrecht Matthaei, Wiebke Bebermeier, Brigitta SchüttAbstract:Abstract Interactions between Settlement History and landscape evolution of a hill-top Settlement on the West Anatolian Coast near ancient Pergamon (modern Bergama) were studied by a combination of archaeological and geographical investigations. Ceramics, ancient literary and epigraphic texts, numismatics and architectural remains show that the hill-top had been populated since late Bronze Age times. From the sixth century BC until the change of the eras, the hill was occupied by a Greek polis – Atarneus – and was abandoned afterwards. It was newly populated in the second half of the twelfth and the first half of the thirteenth century AD. The lithostratigraphy of nine drilling cores, arranged in three transects and dated by AMS radiocarbon dating, shows that during the past 4000 years the sedimentary plains surrounding the Settlement hill were aggraded by braided and meandering rivers, while colluviation and alluvial fan deposition occurred at the foot-slopes. Sedimentation totaled about 5–7 m in the past 4000 years, evidencing a “drowning” of the landscape in terrestrial sediments. Although channels shifted repeatedly and alluvial fan deposition fluctuated, the depositional system did not change in general during the past 4000 years. This striking resistance to the changing Settlement and land use intensity is an effect of the distinct modification of the slopes through terracing that countervailed erosion and likewise increased the buffering capacity of the sediment storages on the slopes. There is no evidence that landscape deterioration contributed to the abandonment of the Settlement hill. Rather, socio-economic factors were crucial for the rise and fall of the Settlements occupying the hill.
Jason T. Hermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Settlement History and Urban Planning at Zincirli Höyük, Southern Turkey
Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 2010Co-Authors: Jesse Casana, Jason T. HermannAbstract:This paper presents results of geophysical survey at Zincirli Hoyuk, a 40-hectare site in southern Turkey dating to the early first millennium bc. The site’s lower town offers ideal circumstances for magnetic gradiometry, and survey results from this area, combined with the results of excavations from the 1890s on the central high citadel, now reveal a nearly complete plan of the ancient city. The results therefore present a unique opportunity to explore the relationship between the production of urban space and the social and historical forces that drove it. Our evidence from Zincirli strongly suggests a pattern of distributed authority in creating the built environment of the city, whereby the king and his administrators planned and constructed the circular walls, streets, and citadel, but according to which individual elite households were probably left to plan and build their own residential compounds. The spatial relationships of these features raise important questions regarding social organization at Iron Age Zincirli. The results also offer a model for understanding the unique spatiality of new cities that were founded throughout Syria and Anatolia during the early first millennium and highlight the relationship of Zincirli to these and other planned cities of the ancient Near East.
Mustafa Kibaroğlu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Settlement History and Material Culture in Southwest Turkey: Report on the 2008-2010 Survey at Çaltılar Höyük (northern Lycia)
Anatolian Studies, 2011Co-Authors: Nicoletta Momigliano, T Greaves, Tamar Hodos, B. Aksoy, M Brown, Mustafa KibaroğluAbstract:This report presents the main results of research activities carried out at Caltilar Hoyuk, northern Lycia, southwest Turkey, between 2008 and 2010. During this period, an international team undertook topographic, archaeological and geophysical surveys, together with artefact studies and analyses, aimed at determining the nature and extent of occupation at the site, and offering new data about the Settlement History and material culture of this region in pre-Classical times. The results of this work suggest that the site was occupied from at least the fourth millennium (Late Chalcolithic) to the middle of the sixth century BC, a date that coincides with the Persian conquest of Lycia, with only scant evidence of use/occupation after this phase. In addition, the nature of our finds suggests that the site, despite its location in the summer pastures ( yayla ) and at a considerable altitude (1,250m), was well-connected to other Anatolian and Aegean regions, and probably served as more than just a minor seasonal agro-pastoral Settlement, particularly during its Early Bronze Age and Late Iron Age periods of occupation. The evidence relevant to the second millennium BC is too limited at present to allow further interpretation about the nature of occupation at the site, but is significant per se, especially in view of the scanty archaeological remains of this period in the region, and despite the numerous references to the Lukka people and Settlements available in documentary sources.