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Angelo Pires Do Prado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Non‐pollinating wasps distort the Sex Ratio of pollinating fig wasps
Oikos, 2005Co-Authors: Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira, Angelo Pires Do PradoAbstract:In fig wasps, mating occurs among the offspring of one or a few foundress mothers within the fig, from which the mated females disperse to found new broods. Under these conditions, males will compete with each other for mating, and such local mate competition can result in female-biased Sex Ratios. In addition to pollinating wasps, non-pollinating wasp species are also associated with figs and develop in flower ovaries or parasitize the larvae of primary galling wasps. While studying the fig wasp Pegoscapus tonduzi, which pollinates Ficus citrifolia in Brazil, we examined the influence of non-pollinating fig wasps on the Sex Ratio of species that pollinate F. citrifolia to determine whether the presence of non-pollinating wasps resulted in a distorted Sex Ratio. There was a positive relationship between the Sex Ratio of P. tonduzi and the number of non-pollinating wasps that was independent of the number of foundresses and brood size. In addition, the number of non-pollinating wasps correlated negatively with the number of pollinating females, but was not significantly related to the number of pollinating males. This finding suggested that non-pollinating wasps had a direct effect in distorting the Sex Ratio of P. tonduzi broods. Our results indicate that the secondary Sex Ratio may not precisely reflect the primary Sex Ratio when there is a high infestation of non-pollinating fig wasps.
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Non-pollinating wasps distort the Sex Ratio of pollinating fig wasps
Oikos, 2005Co-Authors: Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira, Angelo Pires Do PradoAbstract:In fig wasps, mating occurs among the offspring of one or a few foundress mothers within the fig, from which the mated females disperse to found new broods. Under these conditions, males will compete with each other for mating, and such local mate competition can result in female-biased Sex Ratios. In addition to pollinating wasps, non-pollinating wasp species are also associated with figs and develop in flower ovaries or parasitize the larvae of primary galling wasps. While studying the fig wasp Pegoscapus tonduzi, which pollinates Ficus citrifolia in Brazil, we examined the influence of non-pollinating fig wasps on the Sex Ratio of species that pollinate F. citrifolia to determine whether the presence of non-pollinating wasps resulted in a distorted Sex Ratio. There was a positive relationship between the Sex Ratio of P. tonduzi and the number of non-pollinating wasps that was independent of the number of foundresses and brood size. In addition, the number of non-pollinating wasps correlated negatively with the number of pollinating females, but was not significantly related to the number of pollinating males. This finding suggested that non-pollinating wasps had a direct effect in distorting the Sex Ratio of P. tonduzi broods. Our results indicate that the secondary Sex Ratio may not precisely reflect the primary Sex Ratio when there is a high infestation of non-pollinating fig wasps.
Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Non‐pollinating wasps distort the Sex Ratio of pollinating fig wasps
Oikos, 2005Co-Authors: Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira, Angelo Pires Do PradoAbstract:In fig wasps, mating occurs among the offspring of one or a few foundress mothers within the fig, from which the mated females disperse to found new broods. Under these conditions, males will compete with each other for mating, and such local mate competition can result in female-biased Sex Ratios. In addition to pollinating wasps, non-pollinating wasp species are also associated with figs and develop in flower ovaries or parasitize the larvae of primary galling wasps. While studying the fig wasp Pegoscapus tonduzi, which pollinates Ficus citrifolia in Brazil, we examined the influence of non-pollinating fig wasps on the Sex Ratio of species that pollinate F. citrifolia to determine whether the presence of non-pollinating wasps resulted in a distorted Sex Ratio. There was a positive relationship between the Sex Ratio of P. tonduzi and the number of non-pollinating wasps that was independent of the number of foundresses and brood size. In addition, the number of non-pollinating wasps correlated negatively with the number of pollinating females, but was not significantly related to the number of pollinating males. This finding suggested that non-pollinating wasps had a direct effect in distorting the Sex Ratio of P. tonduzi broods. Our results indicate that the secondary Sex Ratio may not precisely reflect the primary Sex Ratio when there is a high infestation of non-pollinating fig wasps.
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Non-pollinating wasps distort the Sex Ratio of pollinating fig wasps
Oikos, 2005Co-Authors: Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira, Angelo Pires Do PradoAbstract:In fig wasps, mating occurs among the offspring of one or a few foundress mothers within the fig, from which the mated females disperse to found new broods. Under these conditions, males will compete with each other for mating, and such local mate competition can result in female-biased Sex Ratios. In addition to pollinating wasps, non-pollinating wasp species are also associated with figs and develop in flower ovaries or parasitize the larvae of primary galling wasps. While studying the fig wasp Pegoscapus tonduzi, which pollinates Ficus citrifolia in Brazil, we examined the influence of non-pollinating fig wasps on the Sex Ratio of species that pollinate F. citrifolia to determine whether the presence of non-pollinating wasps resulted in a distorted Sex Ratio. There was a positive relationship between the Sex Ratio of P. tonduzi and the number of non-pollinating wasps that was independent of the number of foundresses and brood size. In addition, the number of non-pollinating wasps correlated negatively with the number of pollinating females, but was not significantly related to the number of pollinating males. This finding suggested that non-pollinating wasps had a direct effect in distorting the Sex Ratio of P. tonduzi broods. Our results indicate that the secondary Sex Ratio may not precisely reflect the primary Sex Ratio when there is a high infestation of non-pollinating fig wasps.
Alison M Dunn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Should Sex-Ratio distorting parasites abandon horizontal transmission?
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2011Co-Authors: Joseph E Ironside, Judith E Smith, Melanie J Hatcher, Alison M DunnAbstract:Background Sex-Ratio distorting parasites are of interest due to their effects upon host population dynamics and their potential to influence the evolution of host Sex determination systems. In theory, the ability to distort host Sex-Ratios allows a parasite with efficient vertical (hereditary) transmission to dispense completely with horizontal (infectious) transmission. However, recent empirical studies indicate that some Sex-Ratio distorting parasites have retained the capability for horizontal transmission. Results Numerical simulations using biologically realistic parameters suggest that a feminising parasite is only likely to lose the capability for horizontal transmission if its host occurs at low density and/or has a male-biased primary Sex Ratio. It is also demonstrated that even a small amount of horizontal transmission can allow multiple feminising parasites to coexist within a single host population. Finally it is shown that, by boosting its host's rate of population growth, a feminising parasite can increase its own horizontal transmission and allow the invasion of other, more virulent parasites. Conclusions The prediction that Sex-Ratio distorting parasites are likely to retain a degree of horizontal transmission has important implications for the epidemiology and host-parasite interactions of these organisms. It may also explain the frequent co-occurrence of several Sex-Ratio distorting parasite species in nature.
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quantitative tests of Sex Ratio models in a pollinating fig wasp
Animal Behaviour, 2002Co-Authors: Melanie J Hatcher, J C Moore, S G Compton, Alison M DunnAbstract:Abstract Pollinating fig wasps are often used to study Sex Ratio evolution in structured mating populations. Theory predicts a female-biased Sex Ratio, becoming less female biased as female (foundress) density increases. We usedLiporrhopalum tentacularis to test two mechanisms of Sex Ratio control when foundresses oviposit simultaneously: (1) foundresses facultatively adjust the number of males in clutches, and (2) they produce the same number of males regardless of clutch size, which, given limited numbers of oviposition sites, would lead to increases in Sex Ratio with increasing density. We then examined whether foundresses can oviposit sequentially into figs. When oviposition was simultaneous, brood composition indicated facultative adjustment, although Sex Ratios were more female biased than predicted. Instead, foundresses appeared to adjust their Sex Ratio in response to both others ovipositing and their own fecundity. We also found that foundresses are able to oviposit completely sequentially, with those arriving second adjusting their Sex Ratio in response to the previous oviposition. Hence, pollinating wasps may fail to fit the predictions of classical Sex Ratio theory because the conditions under which foundresses oviposit, and their responses to changes in such conditions, are more complex than once assumed. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
J C Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative tests of Sex Ratio models in a pollinating fig wasp
Animal Behaviour, 2002Co-Authors: Melanie J Hatcher, J C Moore, S G Compton, Alison M DunnAbstract:Abstract Pollinating fig wasps are often used to study Sex Ratio evolution in structured mating populations. Theory predicts a female-biased Sex Ratio, becoming less female biased as female (foundress) density increases. We usedLiporrhopalum tentacularis to test two mechanisms of Sex Ratio control when foundresses oviposit simultaneously: (1) foundresses facultatively adjust the number of males in clutches, and (2) they produce the same number of males regardless of clutch size, which, given limited numbers of oviposition sites, would lead to increases in Sex Ratio with increasing density. We then examined whether foundresses can oviposit sequentially into figs. When oviposition was simultaneous, brood composition indicated facultative adjustment, although Sex Ratios were more female biased than predicted. Instead, foundresses appeared to adjust their Sex Ratio in response to both others ovipositing and their own fecundity. We also found that foundresses are able to oviposit completely sequentially, with those arriving second adjusting their Sex Ratio in response to the previous oviposition. Hence, pollinating wasps may fail to fit the predictions of classical Sex Ratio theory because the conditions under which foundresses oviposit, and their responses to changes in such conditions, are more complex than once assumed. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Yueguan Fu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pollinating fig wasp ceratosolen solmsi adjusts the offspring Sex Ratio to other foundresses
Insect Science, 2013Co-Authors: Haoyuan Hu, Zifeng Jiang, Dawei Huang, Zhongzheng Chen, Yueguan FuAbstract:: Local mate competition theory predicts that offspring Sex Ratio in pollinating fig wasps is female-biased when there is only one foundress, and increased foundress density results in increased offspring Sex Ratio. Information of other foundresses and clutch size have been suggested to be the main proximate explanations for Sex Ratio adjustment under local mate competition. Our focus was to show the mechanism of Sex Ratio adjustment in a pollinating fig wasp, Ceratosolen solmsi Mayr, an obligate pollinator of the functionally dioecious fig, Ficus hispida Linn., with controlled experiments in the field. First, we obtained offspring from one pollinator and offspring at different oviposition sequences, and found that offspring Sex Ratio decreased with clutch size, and pollinators produced most of their male offspring at the start of bouts, followed by mostly females. Second, we found that offspring Sex Ratio increased with foundress density, and pollinators did adjust their offspring Sex Ratio to other females in the oviposition patches. We suggest that when oviposition sites are not limited, pollinators will mainly adjust their offspring Sex Ratio to other foundresses independent of clutch size changes, whereas adjusting clutch size may be used to adjust Sex Ratio when oviposition sites are limited.
