The Experts below are selected from a list of 42273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Claes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexual Dimorphism in multiple aspects of 3d facial symmetry and asymmetry defined by spatially dense geometric morphometrics
Journal of Anatomy, 2012Co-Authors: Peter Claes, Mark Walters, Mark D Shriver, David A Puts, Greg Gibson, J G Clement, Gareth Baynam, Geert Verbeke, Dirk VandermeulenAbstract:Accurate measurement of facial Sexual Dimorphism is useful to understanding facial anatomy and specifically how faces influence, and have been influenced by, Sexual selection. An important facial aspect is the display of bilateral symmetry, invoking the need to investigate aspects of symmetry and asymmetry separately when examining facial shape. Previous studies typically employed landmarks that provided only a sparse facial representation, where different landmark choices could lead to contrasting outcomes. Furthermore, Sexual Dimorphism is only tested as a difference of sample means, which is statistically the same as a difference in population location only. Within the framework of geometric morphometrics, we partition facial shape, represented in a spatially dense way, into patterns of symmetry and asymmetry, following a two-factor anova design. Subsequently, we investigate Sexual Dimorphism in symmetry and asymmetry patterns separately, and on multiple aspects, by examining (i) population location differences as well as differences in population variance-covariance; (ii) scale; and (iii) orientation. One important challenge in this approach is the proportionally high number of variables to observations necessitating the implementation of permutational and computationally feasible statistics. In a sample of gender-matched young adults (18-25 years) with self-reported European ancestry, we found greater variation in male faces than in women for all measurements. Statistically significant Sexual Dimorphism was found for the aspect of location in both symmetry and asymmetry (directional asymmetry), for the aspect of scale only in asymmetry (magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry) and, in contrast, for the aspect of orientation only in symmetry. Interesting interplays with hypotheses in evolutionary and developmental biology were observed, such as the selective nature of the force underpinning Sexual Dimorphism and the genetic independence of the structural patterns of fluctuating asymmetry. Additionally, insights into growth patterns of the soft tissue envelope of the face and underlying skull structure can also be obtained from the results.
Zhaoyu Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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regulation of sex hormone receptors in Sexual Dimorphism of human cancers
Cancer Letters, 2018Co-Authors: Daoshan Zheng, Cecilia Williams, Jeremy A Vold, Sanjay P Bagaria, Sarah A Mclaughlin, Justin H Nguyen, Denise M Harnois, Zhaoyu LiAbstract:Abstract Gender differences in the incidences of cancers have been found in almost all human cancers. However, the mechanisms that underlie gender disparities in most human cancer types have been under-investigated. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of potential mechanisms underlying Sexual Dimorphism of each cancer regarding sex hormone signaling. Fully addressing the mechanisms of Sexual Dimorphism in human cancers will greatly benefit current development of precision medicine. Our discussions of potential mechanisms underlying Sexual Dimorphism in each cancer will be instructive for future cancer research on gender disparities.
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Genomics of sex hormone receptor signaling in hepatic Sexual Dimorphism.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2017Co-Authors: Daoshan Zheng, Xiao Wang, Per Antonson, Jan-Åke Gustafsson, Zhaoyu LiAbstract:Abstract The liver plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological processes. Sexual Dimorphism is markedly defined in liver disorders, such as fatty liver diseases and liver cancer, but barely addressed in the normal liver. Distinct sex hormone signaling between male and female livers is the major driving factor for hepatic Sexual Dimorphism. Over 6000 genes are differently expressed between male and female livers in mice. Here we address how sex hormone receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR), mediate Sexually dimorphic gene expression in mouse livers. We identified 5192 ERα target genes and 4154 AR target genes using ChIP-Seq. Using liver-specific ERα or AR knockout mice, we further identified direct and functional target genes of ERα (123 genes) and AR (151 genes) that contribute to hepatic Sexual Dimorphism. We also found that the most significant Sexually dimorphic gene expression was initiated at birth by comparing hepatic gene expression data from the embryonic stage E10.5 to the postnatal stage P60 during liver development. Overall, our study indicates that sex hormone receptor signaling drives Sexual Dimorphism of hepatic gene expression throughout liver development.
Dirk Vandermeulen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexual Dimorphism in multiple aspects of 3d facial symmetry and asymmetry defined by spatially dense geometric morphometrics
Journal of Anatomy, 2012Co-Authors: Peter Claes, Mark Walters, Mark D Shriver, David A Puts, Greg Gibson, J G Clement, Gareth Baynam, Geert Verbeke, Dirk VandermeulenAbstract:Accurate measurement of facial Sexual Dimorphism is useful to understanding facial anatomy and specifically how faces influence, and have been influenced by, Sexual selection. An important facial aspect is the display of bilateral symmetry, invoking the need to investigate aspects of symmetry and asymmetry separately when examining facial shape. Previous studies typically employed landmarks that provided only a sparse facial representation, where different landmark choices could lead to contrasting outcomes. Furthermore, Sexual Dimorphism is only tested as a difference of sample means, which is statistically the same as a difference in population location only. Within the framework of geometric morphometrics, we partition facial shape, represented in a spatially dense way, into patterns of symmetry and asymmetry, following a two-factor anova design. Subsequently, we investigate Sexual Dimorphism in symmetry and asymmetry patterns separately, and on multiple aspects, by examining (i) population location differences as well as differences in population variance-covariance; (ii) scale; and (iii) orientation. One important challenge in this approach is the proportionally high number of variables to observations necessitating the implementation of permutational and computationally feasible statistics. In a sample of gender-matched young adults (18-25 years) with self-reported European ancestry, we found greater variation in male faces than in women for all measurements. Statistically significant Sexual Dimorphism was found for the aspect of location in both symmetry and asymmetry (directional asymmetry), for the aspect of scale only in asymmetry (magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry) and, in contrast, for the aspect of orientation only in symmetry. Interesting interplays with hypotheses in evolutionary and developmental biology were observed, such as the selective nature of the force underpinning Sexual Dimorphism and the genetic independence of the structural patterns of fluctuating asymmetry. Additionally, insights into growth patterns of the soft tissue envelope of the face and underlying skull structure can also be obtained from the results.
Federico E Rey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexual Dimorphism of cardiometabolic dysfunction gut microbiome in the play
Molecular metabolism, 2018Co-Authors: Tzuwen L Cross, Kazuyuki Kasahara, Federico E ReyAbstract:Abstract Background Sex is one of the most powerful modifiers of disease development. Clear Sexual Dimorphism exists in cardiometabolic health susceptibility, likely due to differences in sex steroid hormones. Changes in the gut microbiome have been linked with the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis; however, the impact of microbes in sex-biased cardiometabolic disorders remains unclear. The gut microbiome is critical for maintaining a normal estrous cycle, testosterone levels, and reproductive function. Gut microbes modulate the enterohepatic recirculation of estrogens and androgens, affecting local and systemic levels of sex steroid hormones. Gut bacteria can also generate androgens from glucocorticoids. Scope of review This review summarizes current knowledge of the complex interplay between Sexual Dimorphism in cardiometabolic disease and the gut microbiome. Major conclusions Emerging evidence suggests the role of gut microbiome as a modifier of disease susceptibility due to sex; however, the impact on cardiometabolic disease in this complex interplay is lacking. Elucidating the role of gut microbiome on sex-biased susceptibility in cardiometabolic disease is of high relevance to public health given its high prevalence and significant financial burden.
Daoshan Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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regulation of sex hormone receptors in Sexual Dimorphism of human cancers
Cancer Letters, 2018Co-Authors: Daoshan Zheng, Cecilia Williams, Jeremy A Vold, Sanjay P Bagaria, Sarah A Mclaughlin, Justin H Nguyen, Denise M Harnois, Zhaoyu LiAbstract:Abstract Gender differences in the incidences of cancers have been found in almost all human cancers. However, the mechanisms that underlie gender disparities in most human cancer types have been under-investigated. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of potential mechanisms underlying Sexual Dimorphism of each cancer regarding sex hormone signaling. Fully addressing the mechanisms of Sexual Dimorphism in human cancers will greatly benefit current development of precision medicine. Our discussions of potential mechanisms underlying Sexual Dimorphism in each cancer will be instructive for future cancer research on gender disparities.
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Genomics of sex hormone receptor signaling in hepatic Sexual Dimorphism.
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2017Co-Authors: Daoshan Zheng, Xiao Wang, Per Antonson, Jan-Åke Gustafsson, Zhaoyu LiAbstract:Abstract The liver plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological processes. Sexual Dimorphism is markedly defined in liver disorders, such as fatty liver diseases and liver cancer, but barely addressed in the normal liver. Distinct sex hormone signaling between male and female livers is the major driving factor for hepatic Sexual Dimorphism. Over 6000 genes are differently expressed between male and female livers in mice. Here we address how sex hormone receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR), mediate Sexually dimorphic gene expression in mouse livers. We identified 5192 ERα target genes and 4154 AR target genes using ChIP-Seq. Using liver-specific ERα or AR knockout mice, we further identified direct and functional target genes of ERα (123 genes) and AR (151 genes) that contribute to hepatic Sexual Dimorphism. We also found that the most significant Sexually dimorphic gene expression was initiated at birth by comparing hepatic gene expression data from the embryonic stage E10.5 to the postnatal stage P60 during liver development. Overall, our study indicates that sex hormone receptor signaling drives Sexual Dimorphism of hepatic gene expression throughout liver development.
