Shale

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Chengfu Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pore characteristics of lacustrine Shale within the oil window in the upper triassic yanchang formation southeastern ordos basin china
    Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ruliang He, Pingan Peng, Xiangzeng Wang, Lixia Zhang, Chengfu Jiang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Organic matter (OM)-rich Shale in the Yanchang Formation is recognized as a promising hybrid Shale oil/Shale gas system in lacustrine strata in China. Being mainly in the oil window, both the type and distribution of the pores in the Shale have been affected by several factors, including petroleum expulsion and retention, mineral and organic composition, and compaction. To obtain a better understanding of the factors controlling OM pore development, 10 core samples were selected with various OM content from the Chang 7 and Chang 9 members of the Yanchang Formation for pore characterization. The investigation combined microscopic observation, both of thin sections and ion milled surfaces of samples with low-pressure carbon dioxide and nitrogen adsorption and bulk porosity measurements, with the main emphasis being on OM-associated pores. The selected samples generally have relatively low total porosity, with the pores being poorly connected. Most pore types found in marine Shales were present. The size of porous OM is usually small, mostly measuring several hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers, which suggest a general compaction effect on pore development. The pore development is related to different petroleum expulsion processes. Shale with very porous OM was a very important feature. The OM coexisting with fluorescent lipitinites was present in a cross-linked nanofiber structure, possibly related to altered extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by compaction and maturation. Various OM types that varied in both size and shape did not contain any visible pores (e.g. woody relics, migrated solid bitumen and OM laminae in close association with clay minerals). Unusually low meso- and macropore volume in the sample with the highest total organic carbon (TOC) content was confirmed by the predominance of OM laminae without visible pores; however, abundant micropores were indicated by CO 2 adsorption analysis. Meso- and macropores in this sample had probably not developed due to a significant compaction effect. Due to the small numbers of studied samples, these OM pore characteristics need to be viewed with caution.

  • the composition and its impact on the methane sorption of lacustrine Shales from the upper triassic yanchang formation ordos basin china
    Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Pingan Peng, Ming Cheng, Xiangzeng Wang, Lixia Zhang, Chengfu Jiang
    Abstract:

    Abstract The organic geochemistry, mineralogy and methane sorption of lacustrine Shales of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, collected from the south-eastern Ordos Basin, were investigated to characterize them and clarify the effects of Shale composition on their sorbed gas capacity. These Yanchang Shales have recently been selected as a target area for Shale gas exploration in typical terrestrial strata in China. The two main sections of these Shales containing type II organic matters, Chang 7 and Chang 9, have relatively high total organic carbon content (TOC) of 2–10%. The two Shales also have similar mineralogies, mainly comprising quartz, clay minerals and feldspars. Both the Chang 7 and Chang 9 Shales are generally in the oil window; Chang 9 is slightly more mature than Chang 7. Higher methane sorption capacity was observed for Chang 9 than for Chang 7 Shales, determined on a dried basis at 50 °C. Methane sorption measurements were further performed on three samples from which the residual bitumen had been extracted, and their corresponding kerogen fractions, to gain insight into the effects of Shale composition on methane sorption. This was significantly higher in solvent-extracted samples than in raw samples, indicating that residual bitumen largely restricts methane sorption on such Shales. A positive correlation between the amount of clay minerals and methane sorption capacity of bulk rocks was evident, suggesting that clay mineral content is relevant to methane sorption. This result was also supported by the much higher methane sorption capacity of solvent-extracted Shales compared to the extracted kerogen from those Shales, when measured sorption data was normalized to TOC values. The effects of both residual bitumen and clay mineral on the methane sorption of bulk rocks have complicated the evaluation of methane sorption on organic matter in these mature Shales.

Yuying Huyan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pore characteristic analysis of a lacustrine Shale a case study in the ordos basin nw china
    Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Fujie Jiang, Di Chen, Zhifang Wang, Ziyang Xu, Jian Chen, Yuying Huyan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Organic Shales deposited in a continental environment are well developed in the Ordos Basin, NW China, which is rich in hydrocarbons. However, previous research concerning Shales has predominantly focused on marine Shales and barely on continental Shales. In this study, geochemical and mineralogical analyses, high-pressure mercury intrusion and low-pressure adsorption were performed on 18 continental Shale samples obtained from a currently active Shale gas play, the Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin. A comparison of all these techniques is provided for characterizing the complex pore structure of continental Shales. Geochemical analysis reveals total organic carbon (TOC) values ranging from 0.47% to 11.44%, indicating that there is abundant organic matter (OM) in the study area. Kerogen analysis shows vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 0.68%–1.02%, indicating that kerogen is at a mature oil generation stage. X-ray diffraction mineralogy (XRD) analysis indicates that the dominant mineral constituents of Shale samples are clay minerals (which mainly consist of illite, chlorite, kaolinite, and negligible amounts of montmorillonite), quartz and feldspar, followed by low carbonate content. All-scale pore size analysis indicates that the pore size distribution (PSD) of Shale pores is mainly from 0.3 to 60 nm. Note that accuracy of all-scale PSD analysis decreases for pores less than 0.3 nm and more than 10 μm. Experimental analysis indicates that mesopores (2–50 nm) are dominant in continental Shales, followed by micropores (

Ziyang Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pore characteristic analysis of a lacustrine Shale a case study in the ordos basin nw china
    Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Fujie Jiang, Di Chen, Zhifang Wang, Ziyang Xu, Jian Chen, Yuying Huyan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Organic Shales deposited in a continental environment are well developed in the Ordos Basin, NW China, which is rich in hydrocarbons. However, previous research concerning Shales has predominantly focused on marine Shales and barely on continental Shales. In this study, geochemical and mineralogical analyses, high-pressure mercury intrusion and low-pressure adsorption were performed on 18 continental Shale samples obtained from a currently active Shale gas play, the Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin. A comparison of all these techniques is provided for characterizing the complex pore structure of continental Shales. Geochemical analysis reveals total organic carbon (TOC) values ranging from 0.47% to 11.44%, indicating that there is abundant organic matter (OM) in the study area. Kerogen analysis shows vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 0.68%–1.02%, indicating that kerogen is at a mature oil generation stage. X-ray diffraction mineralogy (XRD) analysis indicates that the dominant mineral constituents of Shale samples are clay minerals (which mainly consist of illite, chlorite, kaolinite, and negligible amounts of montmorillonite), quartz and feldspar, followed by low carbonate content. All-scale pore size analysis indicates that the pore size distribution (PSD) of Shale pores is mainly from 0.3 to 60 nm. Note that accuracy of all-scale PSD analysis decreases for pores less than 0.3 nm and more than 10 μm. Experimental analysis indicates that mesopores (2–50 nm) are dominant in continental Shales, followed by micropores (

Xiaobo Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • 2d and 3d nanopore characterization of gas Shale in longmaxi formation based on fib sem
    Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Shangwen Zhou, Xiaobo Li
    Abstract:

    Abstract Studying complex pore structures is the key to understanding the mechanism of Shale gas accumulation. FIB-SEM (focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope) is the mainstream and effective instrument for imaging nanopores in gas Shales. Based on this technology, 2D and 3D characteristics of Shale samples from Lower Silurian Longmaxi formation in southern Sichuan Basin were investigated. 2D experimental results show that the pores in Shale are nanometer-sized, and the structure of those nanopores can be classified into three types: organic pores, inorganic pores and micro fractures. Among the three types, organic pores are dominantly developed in the OM (organic matter) with three patterns such as continuous distributed OM, OM between clay minerals and OM between pyrite particles, and the size of organic pores range from 5 nm to 200 nm.Inveresly, inorganic pores and micro fractures are less developed in the Longmaxi Shales. 3D digital rocks were reconstructed and segmented by 600 continuous images by FIB cutting and SEM imaging simultaneously. The pore size distribution and porosity can be calculated by this 3D digital core, showing that its average value is 32 nm and porosity is 3.62%.The 3D digital porosity is higher than its helium porosity, which can be regarded as one important parameter for evaluation of Shale gas reserves. The 2D and 3D characterized results suggest that the nanometer-sized pores in organic matter take up the fundamental storage space for the Longmaxi Shale. These characteristics have contributed to the preservation of Shale gas in this complex tectonic area.

Pingan Peng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pore characteristics of lacustrine Shale within the oil window in the upper triassic yanchang formation southeastern ordos basin china
    Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ruliang He, Pingan Peng, Xiangzeng Wang, Lixia Zhang, Chengfu Jiang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Organic matter (OM)-rich Shale in the Yanchang Formation is recognized as a promising hybrid Shale oil/Shale gas system in lacustrine strata in China. Being mainly in the oil window, both the type and distribution of the pores in the Shale have been affected by several factors, including petroleum expulsion and retention, mineral and organic composition, and compaction. To obtain a better understanding of the factors controlling OM pore development, 10 core samples were selected with various OM content from the Chang 7 and Chang 9 members of the Yanchang Formation for pore characterization. The investigation combined microscopic observation, both of thin sections and ion milled surfaces of samples with low-pressure carbon dioxide and nitrogen adsorption and bulk porosity measurements, with the main emphasis being on OM-associated pores. The selected samples generally have relatively low total porosity, with the pores being poorly connected. Most pore types found in marine Shales were present. The size of porous OM is usually small, mostly measuring several hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers, which suggest a general compaction effect on pore development. The pore development is related to different petroleum expulsion processes. Shale with very porous OM was a very important feature. The OM coexisting with fluorescent lipitinites was present in a cross-linked nanofiber structure, possibly related to altered extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by compaction and maturation. Various OM types that varied in both size and shape did not contain any visible pores (e.g. woody relics, migrated solid bitumen and OM laminae in close association with clay minerals). Unusually low meso- and macropore volume in the sample with the highest total organic carbon (TOC) content was confirmed by the predominance of OM laminae without visible pores; however, abundant micropores were indicated by CO 2 adsorption analysis. Meso- and macropores in this sample had probably not developed due to a significant compaction effect. Due to the small numbers of studied samples, these OM pore characteristics need to be viewed with caution.

  • the composition and its impact on the methane sorption of lacustrine Shales from the upper triassic yanchang formation ordos basin china
    Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Pingan Peng, Ming Cheng, Xiangzeng Wang, Lixia Zhang, Chengfu Jiang
    Abstract:

    Abstract The organic geochemistry, mineralogy and methane sorption of lacustrine Shales of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, collected from the south-eastern Ordos Basin, were investigated to characterize them and clarify the effects of Shale composition on their sorbed gas capacity. These Yanchang Shales have recently been selected as a target area for Shale gas exploration in typical terrestrial strata in China. The two main sections of these Shales containing type II organic matters, Chang 7 and Chang 9, have relatively high total organic carbon content (TOC) of 2–10%. The two Shales also have similar mineralogies, mainly comprising quartz, clay minerals and feldspars. Both the Chang 7 and Chang 9 Shales are generally in the oil window; Chang 9 is slightly more mature than Chang 7. Higher methane sorption capacity was observed for Chang 9 than for Chang 7 Shales, determined on a dried basis at 50 °C. Methane sorption measurements were further performed on three samples from which the residual bitumen had been extracted, and their corresponding kerogen fractions, to gain insight into the effects of Shale composition on methane sorption. This was significantly higher in solvent-extracted samples than in raw samples, indicating that residual bitumen largely restricts methane sorption on such Shales. A positive correlation between the amount of clay minerals and methane sorption capacity of bulk rocks was evident, suggesting that clay mineral content is relevant to methane sorption. This result was also supported by the much higher methane sorption capacity of solvent-extracted Shales compared to the extracted kerogen from those Shales, when measured sorption data was normalized to TOC values. The effects of both residual bitumen and clay mineral on the methane sorption of bulk rocks have complicated the evaluation of methane sorption on organic matter in these mature Shales.