The Experts below are selected from a list of 54 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Johann F. Görgens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of reactor and condensation system design on tyre pyrolysis products yields
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2019
    Co-Authors: N.m. Mkhize, Bart Danon, Jon Alvarez, Gartzen Lopez, Maider Amutio, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar, Percy Van Der Gryp, Johann F. Görgens
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study investigates the effect the pyrolysis reactor and the condensing system type have on the tyre derived oil (TDO) and dl -limonene yield, as well as benzothiazole concentration in the TDO. All the experiments were performed at 475 °C and three technologies were investigated, fixed bed reactor (FBR), bubbling fluidised bed reactor (BFBR) and conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR), with the latter being the reactor that provided the highest TDO yield (58.2 wt.%). Furthermore, the CSBR enhances dl -limonene production due to its excellent features (low residence time of volatiles and high heat and mass transfer rates), which minimize secondary cracking reactions. Moreover, in order to maximize the TDO retention efficiency and selectively reduce the concentration of certain heteroaromatic species, two types of condensation systems were evaluated: tube-and-Shell Condenser (indirect contact) and quenching Condenser (direct contact). The quenching Condenser not only promoted the condensation efficiency for dl -limonene, but also reduced the concentration of benzothiazole in the collected TDO. Indeed, the direct contact between water (fed into the quencher) and the hot volatile stream favours the dissolution of some polar heteroaromatic species, thus reducing the nitrogen and sulphur content in the TDO and increasing the applicability of TDO as fuel.

  • Condensation of the hot volatiles from waste tyre pyrolysis by quenching
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2017
    Co-Authors: N.m. Mkhize, Bart Danon, Percy Van Der Gryp, Johann F. Görgens
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two techniques for cooling and condensing of the hot volatiles to produce tyre derived oil (TDO) from a waste tyre pyrolysis reactor were compared, i.e., conventional tube-and-Shell heat exchanger type condensation, and quenching condensation by direct contact between the hot volatiles and quenching water. Exchanging the tube-and-Shell Condenser with direct quenching condensation increased the total TDO yield. Additionally, application of the quenching Condenser increased the d - and l -isomers of limonene ( dl -limonene) yield from 7.6 to 7.9 wt.%, while the benzothiazole concentration (a sulphurous and nitrogenous compound) in the TDO was decreased by 60%. The optimal operating conditions for quenching condensation were a quenching water volume of 2.1 L (a 50:1 weight of water to weight of tyre crumb ratio) and a spraying flow rate of 0.96 L/min. Additionally, the quenching Condenser unit worked as a gas cleaner by wetting and trapping soot and fine solids from the non-condensable gases.

N.m. Mkhize - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of reactor and condensation system design on tyre pyrolysis products yields
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2019
    Co-Authors: N.m. Mkhize, Bart Danon, Jon Alvarez, Gartzen Lopez, Maider Amutio, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar, Percy Van Der Gryp, Johann F. Görgens
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study investigates the effect the pyrolysis reactor and the condensing system type have on the tyre derived oil (TDO) and dl -limonene yield, as well as benzothiazole concentration in the TDO. All the experiments were performed at 475 °C and three technologies were investigated, fixed bed reactor (FBR), bubbling fluidised bed reactor (BFBR) and conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR), with the latter being the reactor that provided the highest TDO yield (58.2 wt.%). Furthermore, the CSBR enhances dl -limonene production due to its excellent features (low residence time of volatiles and high heat and mass transfer rates), which minimize secondary cracking reactions. Moreover, in order to maximize the TDO retention efficiency and selectively reduce the concentration of certain heteroaromatic species, two types of condensation systems were evaluated: tube-and-Shell Condenser (indirect contact) and quenching Condenser (direct contact). The quenching Condenser not only promoted the condensation efficiency for dl -limonene, but also reduced the concentration of benzothiazole in the collected TDO. Indeed, the direct contact between water (fed into the quencher) and the hot volatile stream favours the dissolution of some polar heteroaromatic species, thus reducing the nitrogen and sulphur content in the TDO and increasing the applicability of TDO as fuel.

  • Condensation of the hot volatiles from waste tyre pyrolysis by quenching
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2017
    Co-Authors: N.m. Mkhize, Bart Danon, Percy Van Der Gryp, Johann F. Görgens
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two techniques for cooling and condensing of the hot volatiles to produce tyre derived oil (TDO) from a waste tyre pyrolysis reactor were compared, i.e., conventional tube-and-Shell heat exchanger type condensation, and quenching condensation by direct contact between the hot volatiles and quenching water. Exchanging the tube-and-Shell Condenser with direct quenching condensation increased the total TDO yield. Additionally, application of the quenching Condenser increased the d - and l -isomers of limonene ( dl -limonene) yield from 7.6 to 7.9 wt.%, while the benzothiazole concentration (a sulphurous and nitrogenous compound) in the TDO was decreased by 60%. The optimal operating conditions for quenching condensation were a quenching water volume of 2.1 L (a 50:1 weight of water to weight of tyre crumb ratio) and a spraying flow rate of 0.96 L/min. Additionally, the quenching Condenser unit worked as a gas cleaner by wetting and trapping soot and fine solids from the non-condensable gases.

Percy Van Der Gryp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of reactor and condensation system design on tyre pyrolysis products yields
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2019
    Co-Authors: N.m. Mkhize, Bart Danon, Jon Alvarez, Gartzen Lopez, Maider Amutio, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar, Percy Van Der Gryp, Johann F. Görgens
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study investigates the effect the pyrolysis reactor and the condensing system type have on the tyre derived oil (TDO) and dl -limonene yield, as well as benzothiazole concentration in the TDO. All the experiments were performed at 475 °C and three technologies were investigated, fixed bed reactor (FBR), bubbling fluidised bed reactor (BFBR) and conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR), with the latter being the reactor that provided the highest TDO yield (58.2 wt.%). Furthermore, the CSBR enhances dl -limonene production due to its excellent features (low residence time of volatiles and high heat and mass transfer rates), which minimize secondary cracking reactions. Moreover, in order to maximize the TDO retention efficiency and selectively reduce the concentration of certain heteroaromatic species, two types of condensation systems were evaluated: tube-and-Shell Condenser (indirect contact) and quenching Condenser (direct contact). The quenching Condenser not only promoted the condensation efficiency for dl -limonene, but also reduced the concentration of benzothiazole in the collected TDO. Indeed, the direct contact between water (fed into the quencher) and the hot volatile stream favours the dissolution of some polar heteroaromatic species, thus reducing the nitrogen and sulphur content in the TDO and increasing the applicability of TDO as fuel.

  • Condensation of the hot volatiles from waste tyre pyrolysis by quenching
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2017
    Co-Authors: N.m. Mkhize, Bart Danon, Percy Van Der Gryp, Johann F. Görgens
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two techniques for cooling and condensing of the hot volatiles to produce tyre derived oil (TDO) from a waste tyre pyrolysis reactor were compared, i.e., conventional tube-and-Shell heat exchanger type condensation, and quenching condensation by direct contact between the hot volatiles and quenching water. Exchanging the tube-and-Shell Condenser with direct quenching condensation increased the total TDO yield. Additionally, application of the quenching Condenser increased the d - and l -isomers of limonene ( dl -limonene) yield from 7.6 to 7.9 wt.%, while the benzothiazole concentration (a sulphurous and nitrogenous compound) in the TDO was decreased by 60%. The optimal operating conditions for quenching condensation were a quenching water volume of 2.1 L (a 50:1 weight of water to weight of tyre crumb ratio) and a spraying flow rate of 0.96 L/min. Additionally, the quenching Condenser unit worked as a gas cleaner by wetting and trapping soot and fine solids from the non-condensable gases.

Bart Danon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of reactor and condensation system design on tyre pyrolysis products yields
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2019
    Co-Authors: N.m. Mkhize, Bart Danon, Jon Alvarez, Gartzen Lopez, Maider Amutio, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar, Percy Van Der Gryp, Johann F. Görgens
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study investigates the effect the pyrolysis reactor and the condensing system type have on the tyre derived oil (TDO) and dl -limonene yield, as well as benzothiazole concentration in the TDO. All the experiments were performed at 475 °C and three technologies were investigated, fixed bed reactor (FBR), bubbling fluidised bed reactor (BFBR) and conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR), with the latter being the reactor that provided the highest TDO yield (58.2 wt.%). Furthermore, the CSBR enhances dl -limonene production due to its excellent features (low residence time of volatiles and high heat and mass transfer rates), which minimize secondary cracking reactions. Moreover, in order to maximize the TDO retention efficiency and selectively reduce the concentration of certain heteroaromatic species, two types of condensation systems were evaluated: tube-and-Shell Condenser (indirect contact) and quenching Condenser (direct contact). The quenching Condenser not only promoted the condensation efficiency for dl -limonene, but also reduced the concentration of benzothiazole in the collected TDO. Indeed, the direct contact between water (fed into the quencher) and the hot volatile stream favours the dissolution of some polar heteroaromatic species, thus reducing the nitrogen and sulphur content in the TDO and increasing the applicability of TDO as fuel.

  • Condensation of the hot volatiles from waste tyre pyrolysis by quenching
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2017
    Co-Authors: N.m. Mkhize, Bart Danon, Percy Van Der Gryp, Johann F. Görgens
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two techniques for cooling and condensing of the hot volatiles to produce tyre derived oil (TDO) from a waste tyre pyrolysis reactor were compared, i.e., conventional tube-and-Shell heat exchanger type condensation, and quenching condensation by direct contact between the hot volatiles and quenching water. Exchanging the tube-and-Shell Condenser with direct quenching condensation increased the total TDO yield. Additionally, application of the quenching Condenser increased the d - and l -isomers of limonene ( dl -limonene) yield from 7.6 to 7.9 wt.%, while the benzothiazole concentration (a sulphurous and nitrogenous compound) in the TDO was decreased by 60%. The optimal operating conditions for quenching condensation were a quenching water volume of 2.1 L (a 50:1 weight of water to weight of tyre crumb ratio) and a spraying flow rate of 0.96 L/min. Additionally, the quenching Condenser unit worked as a gas cleaner by wetting and trapping soot and fine solids from the non-condensable gases.

Bengt Sundén - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Prediction and Comparison of Shell Condensers With Straight or Helical Channels for Underwater Vehicles
    Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2019
    Co-Authors: Peiyu Chen, Gongnan Xie, Bengt Sundén
    Abstract:

    The Shell Condenser is one of the key components of underwater vehicles. To study its thermal performance and to design a more efficient structure, a computational model is generated to simulate condensation inside straight and helical channels. The model combines empirical correlations and a MATLAB-based iterative algorithm. The vapor quality is used as a sign of the degree of condensation. Three calculation models are compared, and the optimal model is verified by a comparison of simulated results and available experimental data. Several cases are designed to reveal the effects of various inlet conditions and the diameter-over-radius (Dh/R) ratio. The results show that the inlet temperature and mass rate significantly affect the flow and heat transfer in the condensation process, the heat transfer capabilities of the helical channels are much better than that of the straight channel, and both the heat transfer coefficient and total pressure drop increase with the decrease of Dh/R. This study may provide a useful reference for performance prediction and structural design of Shell Condensers used for underwater vehicles and may provide a relatively universal prediction model for condensation in channels. (Less)

  • Thermal Design and Performance Prediction of a Shell Condenser for Closed-Cycle Underwater Vehicles
    Volume 6A: Energy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Peiyu Chen, Hongbin Yan, Gongnan Xie, Bengt Sundén
    Abstract:

    The Shell Condenser is a key component for the underwater vehicles. To study its heat transfer performance and flow characteristics and to design a more efficient structure, a mathematical model is generated to simulate condensation inside the straight and helical channels. The model combines empirical correlations and MATLAB based on an iterative algorithm. Here, quality is used as a sign of the degree of condensation. The computational model is verified by comparison of simulations and experiments. Several cases are designed to reveal the effects of the initial condition. The inlet temperature varies from 160 to 220°C and the inlet mass velocity ranges between 133 and 200 kg/m 2 ·s. The results show that the inlet temperature and mass velocity significantly affect flow and heat transfer in the condensation process. In addition, comparisons of the straight channel and helical channel with different Dh/R indicate that the heat transfer capability of the helical channel is obviously better than that of the straight channel, and the heat transfer coefficient and total pressure drop increase with the decrease of Dh/R. This study may provide useful information for performance prediction and structure design of Shell Condensers, and provide a relatively universal computational model for condensation in channels.