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Rebecca M. Kilner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An evolutionary switch from Sibling Rivalry to Sibling cooperation, caused by a sustained loss of parental care.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Darren Rebar, Nathan W. Bailey, Benjamin J. M. Jarrett, Rebecca M. KilnerAbstract:Sibling Rivalry is commonplace within animal families, yet offspring can also work together to promote each other's fitness. Here we show that the extent of parental care can determine whether Siblings evolve to compete or to cooperate. Our experiments focus on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, which naturally provides variable levels of care to its larvae. We evolved replicate populations of burying beetles under two different regimes of parental care: Some populations were allowed to supply posthatching care to their young (Full Care), while others were not (No Care). After 22 generations of experimental evolution, we found that No Care larvae had evolved to be more cooperative, whereas Full Care larvae were more competitive. Greater levels of cooperation among larvae compensated for the fitness costs caused by parental absence, whereas parental care fully compensated for the fitness costs of Sibling Rivalry. We dissected the evolutionary mechanisms underlying these responses by measuring indirect genetic effects (IGEs) that occur when different Sibling social environments induce the expression of more cooperative (or more competitive) behavior in focal larvae. We found that indirect genetic effects create a tipping point in the evolution of larval social behavior. Once the majority of offspring in a brood start to express cooperative (or competitive) behavior, they induce greater levels of cooperation (or competition) in their Siblings. The resulting positive feedback loops rapidly lock larvae into evolving greater levels of cooperation in the absence of parental care and greater levels of Rivalry when parents provide care.
Darren Rebar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An evolutionary switch from Sibling Rivalry to Sibling cooperation, caused by a sustained loss of parental care.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Darren Rebar, Nathan W. Bailey, Benjamin J. M. Jarrett, Rebecca M. KilnerAbstract:Sibling Rivalry is commonplace within animal families, yet offspring can also work together to promote each other's fitness. Here we show that the extent of parental care can determine whether Siblings evolve to compete or to cooperate. Our experiments focus on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, which naturally provides variable levels of care to its larvae. We evolved replicate populations of burying beetles under two different regimes of parental care: Some populations were allowed to supply posthatching care to their young (Full Care), while others were not (No Care). After 22 generations of experimental evolution, we found that No Care larvae had evolved to be more cooperative, whereas Full Care larvae were more competitive. Greater levels of cooperation among larvae compensated for the fitness costs caused by parental absence, whereas parental care fully compensated for the fitness costs of Sibling Rivalry. We dissected the evolutionary mechanisms underlying these responses by measuring indirect genetic effects (IGEs) that occur when different Sibling social environments induce the expression of more cooperative (or more competitive) behavior in focal larvae. We found that indirect genetic effects create a tipping point in the evolution of larval social behavior. Once the majority of offspring in a brood start to express cooperative (or competitive) behavior, they induce greater levels of cooperation (or competition) in their Siblings. The resulting positive feedback loops rapidly lock larvae into evolving greater levels of cooperation in the absence of parental care and greater levels of Rivalry when parents provide care.
Nathan W. Bailey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An evolutionary switch from Sibling Rivalry to Sibling cooperation, caused by a sustained loss of parental care.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Darren Rebar, Nathan W. Bailey, Benjamin J. M. Jarrett, Rebecca M. KilnerAbstract:Sibling Rivalry is commonplace within animal families, yet offspring can also work together to promote each other's fitness. Here we show that the extent of parental care can determine whether Siblings evolve to compete or to cooperate. Our experiments focus on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, which naturally provides variable levels of care to its larvae. We evolved replicate populations of burying beetles under two different regimes of parental care: Some populations were allowed to supply posthatching care to their young (Full Care), while others were not (No Care). After 22 generations of experimental evolution, we found that No Care larvae had evolved to be more cooperative, whereas Full Care larvae were more competitive. Greater levels of cooperation among larvae compensated for the fitness costs caused by parental absence, whereas parental care fully compensated for the fitness costs of Sibling Rivalry. We dissected the evolutionary mechanisms underlying these responses by measuring indirect genetic effects (IGEs) that occur when different Sibling social environments induce the expression of more cooperative (or more competitive) behavior in focal larvae. We found that indirect genetic effects create a tipping point in the evolution of larval social behavior. Once the majority of offspring in a brood start to express cooperative (or competitive) behavior, they induce greater levels of cooperation (or competition) in their Siblings. The resulting positive feedback loops rapidly lock larvae into evolving greater levels of cooperation in the absence of parental care and greater levels of Rivalry when parents provide care.
Benjamin J. M. Jarrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An evolutionary switch from Sibling Rivalry to Sibling cooperation, caused by a sustained loss of parental care.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Darren Rebar, Nathan W. Bailey, Benjamin J. M. Jarrett, Rebecca M. KilnerAbstract:Sibling Rivalry is commonplace within animal families, yet offspring can also work together to promote each other's fitness. Here we show that the extent of parental care can determine whether Siblings evolve to compete or to cooperate. Our experiments focus on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, which naturally provides variable levels of care to its larvae. We evolved replicate populations of burying beetles under two different regimes of parental care: Some populations were allowed to supply posthatching care to their young (Full Care), while others were not (No Care). After 22 generations of experimental evolution, we found that No Care larvae had evolved to be more cooperative, whereas Full Care larvae were more competitive. Greater levels of cooperation among larvae compensated for the fitness costs caused by parental absence, whereas parental care fully compensated for the fitness costs of Sibling Rivalry. We dissected the evolutionary mechanisms underlying these responses by measuring indirect genetic effects (IGEs) that occur when different Sibling social environments induce the expression of more cooperative (or more competitive) behavior in focal larvae. We found that indirect genetic effects create a tipping point in the evolution of larval social behavior. Once the majority of offspring in a brood start to express cooperative (or competitive) behavior, they induce greater levels of cooperation (or competition) in their Siblings. The resulting positive feedback loops rapidly lock larvae into evolving greater levels of cooperation in the absence of parental care and greater levels of Rivalry when parents provide care.
Sucia Erma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DAN SIKAP ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN Sibling Rivalry DI PAUD KASIH IBU KARANGREJO VI WONOKROMO SURABAYA
UNKNOWN, 2018Co-Authors: Sucia ErmaAbstract:Kehadiran atau kelahiran saudara akan memberikan kontribusi bagi perkembangan sosial serta emosional anak yang tidak bisa dihindari adanya persaingan antar saudara kandung atau Sibling Rivalry. Berdasarkan survei awal yang dilakukan peneliti di PAUD Kasih Ibu Karangrejo VI Wonokromo Surabaya didapatkan 10 anak yang mempunyai adik kandung , 7 mengalami berebut mainan, 2 memukul dan melukai adiknya, 1 membangkang bila dinasehati.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Dan Sikap Orang Tua Dengan Kejadian Sibling Rivalry di PAUD Kasih Ibu Karangrejo VI Wonokromo Surabaya Desain penelitian adalah analitik. Populasi seluruh orang tua yang memiliki balita lebih dari satu yang bersekolah di PAUD Kasih Ibu Karangrejo VI Wonokromo Surabaya sebesar 40 orang. Besar sampel 37 responden diambil menggunakan teknik probability sampling dengan jenis sampling simple random sampling. Variabel indepedent adalah tingkat pendidikan dan sikap orang tua, variabel dependent adalah Sibling Rivalry. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kueisoner. Analisa data menggunakan uji rank spearman dengan tingkat kemaknaan α (0,05). Hasil penelitian dari 37 responden berpendidikan dasar hampir seluruhnya (86,4%) terjadi Sibling Rivalry dan sikap negatif hampir seluruhnya (85,7%) terjadi Sibling Rivalry. Hasil uji rank spearman didapatkan p = 0,000
