The Experts below are selected from a list of 10740 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Othman Mamat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Study on the influence of volume size of the milling jar in purifying Tronoh Silica Sand using ball milling process
2015Co-Authors: Nazratulhuda Hashim, Othman MamatAbstract:Tronoh Silica Sand is the potential source for the SiO2. Purification is an important step in expanding the usage of the Tronoh Silica Sand. Since the residual impurities are the obstacle in achieving high purity Silica, the low speed ball mill will be introduced as a main equipment in purifying Tronoh Silica Sand. The objective of this study is to understand the influence of volume size of the milling jar in purifying Tronoh Silica Sand by using ball milling process. The chemical composition of the samples were analyzed by using XRF and SEM. The results showed that the highest purity of the Tronoh Silica Sand can be achieved by using the 1.0 l milling jar.
-
Mechanical Milling of Tronoh Silica Sand Nanoparticles Using Low Speed Ball Milling Process
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Zulkhairi Rizlan, Othman MamatAbstract:Silica Sand nanoparticles are widely used as filler, coating and reinforcer to increase materials strength and durability. The objective of the research is to design a new technique of converting Tronoh Silica Sand to Silica Sand nanoparticles by using ingenious combination of milling process and heating mechanism. Raw Tronoh Silica Sand was milled for 10 hours with heating process after every 2 hours of milling and the results are analyzed using particle size analyzer. Particles size of less than 100 nm has been repeatedly achieved in this research. Findings from this research provide a simple and low cost alternative method of producing Silica Sand nanoparticles.
-
Studying the Formation of Fe2SiO4 and Pearlite Phasesin Iron-Silica Sand Nanoparticle Composites
Defect and Diffusion Forum, 2013Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Othman Mamat, Rafiq Ahmad, Amir N. MalikAbstract:Metal matrix composites have grown rapidly with their usefulness in many applications for industries. The present research aims to study the formation of Fe2SiO4 and pearlite phases, the reaction product of iron-Silica Sand nanoparticles composites. In this study iron based Silica Sand nanoparticles composite with 5, 10, 15 and 20wt.% of Silica Sand nanoparticles were developed using powder metallurgy technique being sintered at 1100°C. It was observed during the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and XPS analysis that the reaction between iron and Silica Sand nanoparticles forms the Fe2SiO4 phase. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis at higher magnification also reveals the formation of pearlite phase. The presence of liquid phase sintering is also observed with frozen liquid spots at microstructure of iron-Silica Sand nanoparticles reaction.
-
Studying the Effects of Adding Silica Sand Nanoparticles on Epoxy Based Composites
Journal of Nanoparticles, 2013Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Othman Mamat, Rafiq AhmadAbstract:The research about the preparation of submicron inorganic particles, once conducted in the past decade, is now leading to prepare polymer matrix composite (PMC) reinforced with nanofillers. The objective of present research is to study the modified effects of reinforcement dispersion of nanoparticle Silica in epoxy resin on the physical properties, mechanical and thermal behaviour, and the microstructure of resultant composites. Stirrer mixing associated with manual mixing of Silica Sand nanoparticles (developed in our earlier research) (Ahmad and Mamat, 2012) into epoxy was followed by curing being the adopted technique to develop the subject nanocomposites. Experimental values showed that 15 wt.% addition of Silica Sand nanoparticles improves Young’s modulus of the composites; however, a reduction in tensile strength was also observed. Number of holes and cavities produced due to improper mixing turn out to be the main cause of effected mechanical properties. Addition of Silica Sand nanoparticles causes a reduction in degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites as being observed in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.
-
Mechanical milling of tronoh Silica Sand nanoparticles using low speed ball milling process
RSM 2013 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics, 2013Co-Authors: Muhamad Zulkhairi Rizlan, Othman MamatAbstract:Silica Sand nanoparticles are widely used as filler, coating and reinforcer to increase materials strength and durability. The objective of the research is to design a new technique of converting Tronoh Silica Sand to Silica Sand nanoparticles by using ingenious combination of milling process and heating mechanism. Raw Tronoh Silica Sand was milled for 10 hours with heating process after every 2 hours of milling. The optimum parameters were first identified using Taguchi method of orthogonal array. By using the optimum parameters obtained, a lab-scale production has been done to test the ability for repetitive production of Silica Sand nanoparticles. Results from the lab-scale production were analyzed using particle size analyzer to obtain the particles size and size distribution. Particles size of less than 100 nm has been repeatedly achieved in this research. Findings from this research provide a simple and low cost alternative method of producing Silica Sand nanoparticles.
Tahir Ahmad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Characterization of epoxy based coating reinforced with nanoparticles of Silica Sand
Journal of the Chinese Advanced Materials Society, 2018Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Muhammad Umar Manzoor, Sajjad Ur Rehman, Xuehui Zhang, M. H. Abbas, H. M. Anwar AsgharAbstract:Steel structures and pipelines can be saved from environmental effects by epoxy based coating. This research has been focused to reinforce locally developed nanoparticles of Silica Sand in epoxy ba...
-
THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GLASS FIBER-Silica Sand NANOPARTICLES REINFORCED HYBRID COMPOSITES
JOURNAL OF FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, 2016Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Umar ManzoorAbstract:Metal matrix composites are a unique class of weight efficient structural materials that are encouraging every field of engineering applications especially aerospace and automobile industries. The present study focused on the development of the Silica Sand nanoparticles-glass fiber reinforced aluminium based hybrid composites. Composites were developed by compocasting method using 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 wt. % of Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fibers. Variation in tensile properties was evaluated using universal testing machine and the hardness profiles were measured using Micro Hardness Tester (HMV). A significant improvement in tensile strength and micro hardness was observed. However a decrease in impact strength was observed with increase in reinforcement. The homogenous dispersion of Silica Sand nanoparticles and pulling of glass fibers from the aluminium matrix was verified using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
-
Effect of Thal Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber reinforcements on epoxy-based hybrid composite
Iranian Polymer Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Rafiq Ahmad, Muhammad Kamran, Bambang Wahjoedi, Imran Shakoor, Faraz Hussain, Farhad Riaz, Zuhaib Jamil, Sirjeel Isaac, Qaiser AshrafAbstract:Epoxy is a hard, brittle but strong polymeric material and various types of research works are being carried out to exploit its unique properties in commercial service particularly as composite materials. One of these researches is to study the effect of addition of Thal Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber on epoxy-based hybrid composites. The Silica Sand was collected from Thal desert situated in Punjab province of Pakistan, milled to nanoparticles using a ball mill. The production of Silica Sand nanoparticles was verified using a Zeta sizer nanoparticles analyzer and SEM analysis. These Silica Sand nanoparticles were utilized to develop the epoxy-based composites. The glass fibers were cut into small pieces of 2 cm in length and thoroughly mixed with epoxy along with Silica Sand nanoparticles. Hand-lay-up fabrication technique was proceeded by room temperature curing which was used to develop the epoxy-based hybrid composites. The tensile and impact specimens were made according to ASTM standard and tested using universal tensile testing and charpy impact testing machines. A Vickers hardness tester, applying 50 g load for 10 s, was used to determine the hardness of the composites. The thermo-gravimetric analysis was carried out to analyze the thermal behavior of the composites particularly to evaluate mass loss or gain due to decomposition and oxidation using TGA apparatus. The interaction of glass fiber and Silica Sand nanoparticles with epoxy was studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that with increasing Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber contents, the hardness, tensile, and impact properties of the epoxy-based hybrid composites increased. The TGA results showed that the developed hybrid composites became stable at 300 °C.
-
BENEFICIATION OF THAL Silica Sand AND THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH GRADE SILICON PARTICLES
2015Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, M. Kamran, U. Manzoor, Z. AbbasAbstract:Silica Sand from Bita site of THAL desert, situated in Punjab province of Pakistan was processed to produce nanoparticles using a ball mill. The produced nanoparticles of Silica Sand were verified using Zetasizer nanoparticles analyzer. It was observed that the ball milling process not only reduced the particle size but also librated the Silica particles from the impurities resulting in increased purity of Silica in Thal Silica Sand from 86.60 wt. % to 95.52 wt. % as major impurities consisting of Al O and CaO, were liberated during grinding and 2 3 separated during sieve analysis process. The leaching of Silica Sand nanoparticles with a mixture of HCl and CH COOH further improved the weight percentage (wt.%) purity of Silica 3 in Thal Silica Sand up to 96.60 wt.%. The beneficiated Thal Silica Sand nanoparticles were then reduced with Magnesium to o produce silicon particles at 900 C with and without the presence of argon atmosphere. The production of silicon particles during reduction was verified with XRD analysis and FESEM with EDX analysis. It was observed that the presence of argon atmosphere during reduction of Silica Sand nanoparticles increased the wt. % of reduced silicon in processed sample. The leaching of reduced samples with a mixture of HF and CH COOH further improved its purity. 3
-
Effect of Thal Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber reinforcements on epoxy‑based hybrid composite
Iranian Polymer Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, M. Kamran, Rafiq Ahmad, Bambang Wahjoedi, Imran Shakoor, Faraz Hussain, Farhad Riaz, Zuhaib Jamil, Sirjeel Isaac, Qaiser AshrafAbstract:Epoxy is a hard, brittle but strong polymeric material and various types of research works are being carried out to exploit its unique properties in commercial service particularly as composite materials. One of these researches is to study the effect of addition of Thal Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber on epoxy-based hybrid composites. The Silica Sand was collected from Thal desert situated in Punjab province of Pakistan, milled to nanoparticles using a ball mill. The production of Silica Sand nanoparticles was verified using a Zeta sizer nanoparticles analyzer and SEM analysis. These Silica Sand nanoparticles were utilized to develop the epoxy-based composites. The glass fibers were cut into small pieces of 2 cm in length and thoroughly mixed with epoxy along with Silica Sand nanoparticles. Hand-lay-up fabrication technique was proceeded by room temperature curing which was used to develop the epoxy-based hybrid composites. The tensile and impact specimens were made according to ASTM standard and tested using universal tensile testing and charpy impact testing machines. A Vickers hardness tester, applying 50 g load for 10 s, was used to determine the hardness of the composites. The thermo-gravimetric analysis was carried out to analyze the thermal behavior of the composites particularly to evaluate mass loss or gain due to decomposition and oxidation using TGA apparatus. The interaction of glass fiber and Silica Sand nanoparticles with epoxy was studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that with increasing Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber contents, the hardness, tensile, and impact properties of the epoxy-based hybrid composites increased. The TGA results showed that the developed hybrid composites became stable at 300 °C.
Peter Englezos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Recovery of Methane from a Variable-Volume Bed of Silica Sand/Hydrate by Depressurization
Energy & Fuels, 2010Co-Authors: Cef Haligva, Praveen Linga, John A Ripmeester, Peter EnglezosAbstract:Methane hydrate was formed in water occupying the interstitial spaces of a cylindrical bed of Silica Sand particles. The Sand particles have an average diameter equal to 329 μm. The amount of methane consumed during the experiment (methane gas uptake) was determined through pressure and temperature measurements and mass balance calculations. Three different sized beds of Silica Sand particles were used. Water conversion to hydrates in the range of 73−84% was achieved for all of the formation experiments. Hydrate formation was followed by decomposition at 4.0 °C driven by depressurization at 3.1 MPa (nine experiments) and 2.3 MPa (one experiment). Methane recovery measurement curves were determined for each experiment. The initial rate of recovery was found to be strongly dependent on the Silica Sand bed size. The rate of recovery was found to depend weakly on the size during the second stage, and after 1.25 h, it was constant. During decomposition at 2.3 MPa, the temperature in some locations inside the b...
-
recovery of methane from a variable volume bed of Silica Sand hydrate by depressurization
Energy & Fuels, 2010Co-Authors: Cef Haligva, Praveen Linga, John A Ripmeester, Peter EnglezosAbstract:Methane hydrate was formed in water occupying the interstitial spaces of a cylindrical bed of Silica Sand particles. The Sand particles have an average diameter equal to 329 μm. The amount of methane consumed during the experiment (methane gas uptake) was determined through pressure and temperature measurements and mass balance calculations. Three different sized beds of Silica Sand particles were used. Water conversion to hydrates in the range of 73−84% was achieved for all of the formation experiments. Hydrate formation was followed by decomposition at 4.0 °C driven by depressurization at 3.1 MPa (nine experiments) and 2.3 MPa (one experiment). Methane recovery measurement curves were determined for each experiment. The initial rate of recovery was found to be strongly dependent on the Silica Sand bed size. The rate of recovery was found to depend weakly on the size during the second stage, and after 1.25 h, it was constant. During decomposition at 2.3 MPa, the temperature in some locations inside the b...
Cef Haligva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Recovery of Methane from a Variable-Volume Bed of Silica Sand/Hydrate by Depressurization
Energy & Fuels, 2010Co-Authors: Cef Haligva, Praveen Linga, John A Ripmeester, Peter EnglezosAbstract:Methane hydrate was formed in water occupying the interstitial spaces of a cylindrical bed of Silica Sand particles. The Sand particles have an average diameter equal to 329 μm. The amount of methane consumed during the experiment (methane gas uptake) was determined through pressure and temperature measurements and mass balance calculations. Three different sized beds of Silica Sand particles were used. Water conversion to hydrates in the range of 73−84% was achieved for all of the formation experiments. Hydrate formation was followed by decomposition at 4.0 °C driven by depressurization at 3.1 MPa (nine experiments) and 2.3 MPa (one experiment). Methane recovery measurement curves were determined for each experiment. The initial rate of recovery was found to be strongly dependent on the Silica Sand bed size. The rate of recovery was found to depend weakly on the size during the second stage, and after 1.25 h, it was constant. During decomposition at 2.3 MPa, the temperature in some locations inside the b...
-
recovery of methane from a variable volume bed of Silica Sand hydrate by depressurization
Energy & Fuels, 2010Co-Authors: Cef Haligva, Praveen Linga, John A Ripmeester, Peter EnglezosAbstract:Methane hydrate was formed in water occupying the interstitial spaces of a cylindrical bed of Silica Sand particles. The Sand particles have an average diameter equal to 329 μm. The amount of methane consumed during the experiment (methane gas uptake) was determined through pressure and temperature measurements and mass balance calculations. Three different sized beds of Silica Sand particles were used. Water conversion to hydrates in the range of 73−84% was achieved for all of the formation experiments. Hydrate formation was followed by decomposition at 4.0 °C driven by depressurization at 3.1 MPa (nine experiments) and 2.3 MPa (one experiment). Methane recovery measurement curves were determined for each experiment. The initial rate of recovery was found to be strongly dependent on the Silica Sand bed size. The rate of recovery was found to depend weakly on the size during the second stage, and after 1.25 h, it was constant. During decomposition at 2.3 MPa, the temperature in some locations inside the b...
Rafiq Ahmad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of Thal Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber reinforcements on epoxy-based hybrid composite
Iranian Polymer Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Rafiq Ahmad, Muhammad Kamran, Bambang Wahjoedi, Imran Shakoor, Faraz Hussain, Farhad Riaz, Zuhaib Jamil, Sirjeel Isaac, Qaiser AshrafAbstract:Epoxy is a hard, brittle but strong polymeric material and various types of research works are being carried out to exploit its unique properties in commercial service particularly as composite materials. One of these researches is to study the effect of addition of Thal Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber on epoxy-based hybrid composites. The Silica Sand was collected from Thal desert situated in Punjab province of Pakistan, milled to nanoparticles using a ball mill. The production of Silica Sand nanoparticles was verified using a Zeta sizer nanoparticles analyzer and SEM analysis. These Silica Sand nanoparticles were utilized to develop the epoxy-based composites. The glass fibers were cut into small pieces of 2 cm in length and thoroughly mixed with epoxy along with Silica Sand nanoparticles. Hand-lay-up fabrication technique was proceeded by room temperature curing which was used to develop the epoxy-based hybrid composites. The tensile and impact specimens were made according to ASTM standard and tested using universal tensile testing and charpy impact testing machines. A Vickers hardness tester, applying 50 g load for 10 s, was used to determine the hardness of the composites. The thermo-gravimetric analysis was carried out to analyze the thermal behavior of the composites particularly to evaluate mass loss or gain due to decomposition and oxidation using TGA apparatus. The interaction of glass fiber and Silica Sand nanoparticles with epoxy was studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that with increasing Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber contents, the hardness, tensile, and impact properties of the epoxy-based hybrid composites increased. The TGA results showed that the developed hybrid composites became stable at 300 °C.
-
Effect of Thal Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber reinforcements on epoxy‑based hybrid composite
Iranian Polymer Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, M. Kamran, Rafiq Ahmad, Bambang Wahjoedi, Imran Shakoor, Faraz Hussain, Farhad Riaz, Zuhaib Jamil, Sirjeel Isaac, Qaiser AshrafAbstract:Epoxy is a hard, brittle but strong polymeric material and various types of research works are being carried out to exploit its unique properties in commercial service particularly as composite materials. One of these researches is to study the effect of addition of Thal Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber on epoxy-based hybrid composites. The Silica Sand was collected from Thal desert situated in Punjab province of Pakistan, milled to nanoparticles using a ball mill. The production of Silica Sand nanoparticles was verified using a Zeta sizer nanoparticles analyzer and SEM analysis. These Silica Sand nanoparticles were utilized to develop the epoxy-based composites. The glass fibers were cut into small pieces of 2 cm in length and thoroughly mixed with epoxy along with Silica Sand nanoparticles. Hand-lay-up fabrication technique was proceeded by room temperature curing which was used to develop the epoxy-based hybrid composites. The tensile and impact specimens were made according to ASTM standard and tested using universal tensile testing and charpy impact testing machines. A Vickers hardness tester, applying 50 g load for 10 s, was used to determine the hardness of the composites. The thermo-gravimetric analysis was carried out to analyze the thermal behavior of the composites particularly to evaluate mass loss or gain due to decomposition and oxidation using TGA apparatus. The interaction of glass fiber and Silica Sand nanoparticles with epoxy was studied using scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that with increasing Silica Sand nanoparticles and glass fiber contents, the hardness, tensile, and impact properties of the epoxy-based hybrid composites increased. The TGA results showed that the developed hybrid composites became stable at 300 °C.
-
Studying the Formation of Fe2SiO4 and Pearlite Phasesin Iron-Silica Sand Nanoparticle Composites
Defect and Diffusion Forum, 2013Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Othman Mamat, Rafiq Ahmad, Amir N. MalikAbstract:Metal matrix composites have grown rapidly with their usefulness in many applications for industries. The present research aims to study the formation of Fe2SiO4 and pearlite phases, the reaction product of iron-Silica Sand nanoparticles composites. In this study iron based Silica Sand nanoparticles composite with 5, 10, 15 and 20wt.% of Silica Sand nanoparticles were developed using powder metallurgy technique being sintered at 1100°C. It was observed during the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and XPS analysis that the reaction between iron and Silica Sand nanoparticles forms the Fe2SiO4 phase. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis at higher magnification also reveals the formation of pearlite phase. The presence of liquid phase sintering is also observed with frozen liquid spots at microstructure of iron-Silica Sand nanoparticles reaction.
-
Studying the Effects of Adding Silica Sand Nanoparticles on Epoxy Based Composites
Journal of Nanoparticles, 2013Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Othman Mamat, Rafiq AhmadAbstract:The research about the preparation of submicron inorganic particles, once conducted in the past decade, is now leading to prepare polymer matrix composite (PMC) reinforced with nanofillers. The objective of present research is to study the modified effects of reinforcement dispersion of nanoparticle Silica in epoxy resin on the physical properties, mechanical and thermal behaviour, and the microstructure of resultant composites. Stirrer mixing associated with manual mixing of Silica Sand nanoparticles (developed in our earlier research) (Ahmad and Mamat, 2012) into epoxy was followed by curing being the adopted technique to develop the subject nanocomposites. Experimental values showed that 15 wt.% addition of Silica Sand nanoparticles improves Young’s modulus of the composites; however, a reduction in tensile strength was also observed. Number of holes and cavities produced due to improper mixing turn out to be the main cause of effected mechanical properties. Addition of Silica Sand nanoparticles causes a reduction in degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites as being observed in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis.
-
Physico-Mechanical Properties of Sintered Iron-Silica Sand Nanoparticle Composites: A Preliminary Study
Defect and Diffusion Forum, 2012Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Othman Mamat, Rafiq AhmadAbstract:The present study aims to develop Silica Sand nanoparticles using the ball-milling process and to utilize these nanoparticles as reinforcement for iron-based metal matrix composites. Iron-based metal-matrix composites with 5, 10, 15 and 20wt.% of the processed Silica Sand nanoparticles were developed using powder metallurgy technique and sintered at 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C. The results showed that the addition of Silica Sand nanoparticles to iron as reinforcement decreased the green density, albeit with an improvement in sintered densities. It was also observed that the increase in the sintering temperature results in an improvement of microstructure and microhardness of the composites. The maximum hardness of 168HV in iron-based composites was found with the addition of 20wt.% of Silica Sand nanoparticles at a 1100°C sintering temperature. It is proposed that the mechanism for the occurrence of this observed increment in microhardness is due to diffusion of Silica Sand nanoparticles into porous sites of the composites, resulting in the formation of FeSi phase.