The Experts below are selected from a list of 4611 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jason D Witter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • adsorption and degradation of triclosan and triclocarban in Soils and biosolids amended Soils
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Chenxi Wu, Alison L Spongberg, Jason D Witter
    Abstract:

    Triclosan and triclocarban are antibacterial agents that are widely used in numerous personal care products. Limited information is available on their environmental behavior in Soils and Soils land applied with wastewaters and biosolids. In this study, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate their adsorption and degradation in Soils. Both antibacterial agents adsorbed strongly to the sandy loam and Silty Clay Soils with and without addition of biosolids, with distribution coefficients (K(d)) ranging from 178 to 264 L kg(-1) for triclosan and from 763 to 1187 L kg(-1) for triclocarban. Sorption of triclosan decreased with increase in soil pH from 4 to 8, whereas triclocarban sorption showed no effect within the tested pH range. Competitive sorption was observed when triclosan and triclocarban coexisted, but the cosolute effect was concentration dependent. Biosolids amendment increased the sorption of triclosan and triclocarban, likely due to the addition of soil organic matter, but displayed no significant effect on degradation.

Ulrich Kuhlmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of soil on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes in reducing Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in maize
    Journal of Pest Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Stefan Toepfer, B. Kurtz, Ulrich Kuhlmann
    Abstract:

    The use of entomopathogenic nematodes is one potential non-chemical approach to control the larvae of the invasive western corn rootworm ( Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Europe. This study investigated the efficacy of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), Heterorhabditis megidis Poinar, Jackson and Klein (Rh., Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Rh., Steinernematidae) in reducing D. v. virgifera as a function of soil characteristics. A field experiment was repeated four times in southern Hungary using artificially infested maize plants potted into three different Soils. Sleeve gauze cages were used to assess the number of emerging adult D. v. virgifera from the treatments and untreated controls. Results indicate that nematodes have the potential to reduce D. v. virgifera larvae in most Soils; however, their efficacy can be higher in maize fields with heavy Clay or Silty Clay Soils than in sandy Soils, which is in contrast to the common assumption that nematodes perform better in sandy Soils than in heavy Soils.

Nicolo Colombani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • variation of the hydraulic properties and solute transport mechanisms in a Silty Clay soil amended with natural zeolites
    Catena, 2014
    Co-Authors: Nicolo Colombani, Micol Mastrocicco, Dario Di Giuseppe, Barbara Faccini, Massimo Coltorti
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study aims to quantify changes in flow and transport parameters induced by the addition of zeolites in a Silty-Clay soil. Hydraulic and physical processes governing solute transport under variably saturated flow conditions were studied in a laboratory scale analog model (AM) irrigated with canal water for seven weeks. One plot of the AM was fertilized with 270 kg-N/ha of urea while the other plot was amended with 5 kg/m2 of NH4+-enriched chabazite. The observed water flow was inversely simulated using the single porosity (SP) and the dual porosity (DP) approaches; solute transport was inversely simulated using the convection–dispersion equation (CDE) and the mobile–immobile (MIM) approaches using HYDRUS-1D. Total domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were used to track soil water content and salinity while moisture sensors allowed obtaining the matric potential. The transport of bulk solutes through the soil could be coherently described using a simple approach (SP + CDE). Inverse parameter estimation suggested that percolation and solute front can be confidently predicted in Silty-Clay Soils in case of low precipitation intensity using a combination of TDR and matric potential monitoring techniques. This study shows that NH4+-enriched zeolites increase the water retention capacity even in Silty-Clay Soils, thus limiting water and solute losses.

Massimo Coltorti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • variation of the hydraulic properties and solute transport mechanisms in a Silty Clay soil amended with natural zeolites
    Catena, 2014
    Co-Authors: Nicolo Colombani, Micol Mastrocicco, Dario Di Giuseppe, Barbara Faccini, Massimo Coltorti
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study aims to quantify changes in flow and transport parameters induced by the addition of zeolites in a Silty-Clay soil. Hydraulic and physical processes governing solute transport under variably saturated flow conditions were studied in a laboratory scale analog model (AM) irrigated with canal water for seven weeks. One plot of the AM was fertilized with 270 kg-N/ha of urea while the other plot was amended with 5 kg/m2 of NH4+-enriched chabazite. The observed water flow was inversely simulated using the single porosity (SP) and the dual porosity (DP) approaches; solute transport was inversely simulated using the convection–dispersion equation (CDE) and the mobile–immobile (MIM) approaches using HYDRUS-1D. Total domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were used to track soil water content and salinity while moisture sensors allowed obtaining the matric potential. The transport of bulk solutes through the soil could be coherently described using a simple approach (SP + CDE). Inverse parameter estimation suggested that percolation and solute front can be confidently predicted in Silty-Clay Soils in case of low precipitation intensity using a combination of TDR and matric potential monitoring techniques. This study shows that NH4+-enriched zeolites increase the water retention capacity even in Silty-Clay Soils, thus limiting water and solute losses.

Chenxi Wu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • adsorption and degradation of triclosan and triclocarban in Soils and biosolids amended Soils
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Chenxi Wu, Alison L Spongberg, Jason D Witter
    Abstract:

    Triclosan and triclocarban are antibacterial agents that are widely used in numerous personal care products. Limited information is available on their environmental behavior in Soils and Soils land applied with wastewaters and biosolids. In this study, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate their adsorption and degradation in Soils. Both antibacterial agents adsorbed strongly to the sandy loam and Silty Clay Soils with and without addition of biosolids, with distribution coefficients (K(d)) ranging from 178 to 264 L kg(-1) for triclosan and from 763 to 1187 L kg(-1) for triclocarban. Sorption of triclosan decreased with increase in soil pH from 4 to 8, whereas triclocarban sorption showed no effect within the tested pH range. Competitive sorption was observed when triclosan and triclocarban coexisted, but the cosolute effect was concentration dependent. Biosolids amendment increased the sorption of triclosan and triclocarban, likely due to the addition of soil organic matter, but displayed no significant effect on degradation.