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Otavio Camargo Campoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intensive Silviculture enhances biomass accumulation and tree diversity recovery in tropical forest restoration
Ecological Applications, 2019Co-Authors: Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Otavio Camargo Campoe, Jose Luiz Stape, Joao Carlos Teixeira Mendes, Camilla Noel, Gabriela G. Moreira, Juliano Melis, Joannès GuillemotAbstract:Maximizing initial aboveground woody biomass (AGB) accumulation in order to obtain early payments for carbon stocking is essential for the financial viability of reforestation programs fostered by climate mitigation efforts. Intensive Silviculture, i.e., Silviculture traditionally used in commercial forestry to maximize productivity and gains, has recently been advocated as a promising approach to enhance AGB accumulation in restoration plantations. However, this approach may hamper natural forest regeneration and ecological succession due to high competition between colonizing plants and planted trees. We investigated the impacts of different silvicultural treatments applied to restoration plantations with 20 native tree species on AGB accumulation and spontaneous regeneration of native woody species in an experiment set up in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Intensive Silviculture demonstrated a remarkable potential to enhance AGB accumulation in restoration plantations by increasing up to three times the AGB of tree stands (from similar to 25 to 75 Mg/ha in the 12th year). Intensive fertilization/weed control enhanced AGB accumulation, while higher tree density and the proportion of pioneers did not have a significant effect on AGB over the time. In spite of higher costs (cost increase of 13-19%), the cost-effectiveness for AGB accumulation of intensive Silviculture was comparable to that of traditional Silviculture applied to restoration (US$50-100/Mg AGB for 3 x 2 m spacing). Contrary to our expectations, we did not find a trade-off between AGB accumulation by planted trees and the spontaneous regeneration of tree species, since intensive Silviculture enhanced the regeneration of both planted (total of 12 species) and colonizing woody species (total of 30 species) in the plantation understory. Specifically, a strong association was found between AGB stocks and the abundance and richness of colonizing species, a vast majority of which (90% of species and 95% of individuals) were dispersed by animals. We report a case of positive correlation between AGB stocking and woody species regeneration in the restoration of the Atlantic Forest. Fostering the establishment and maintenance of restoration tree plantations can, in some cases, be a win-win strategy for climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.
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atlantic forest tree species responses to silvicultural practices in a degraded pasture restoration plantation from leaf physiology to survival and initial growth
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Otavio Camargo Campoe, Claudia Iannelli, Jose Luiz Stape, Rachel L Cook, Joao Carlos Teixeira Mendes, Rafael VivianAbstract:Abstract Deforestation has led to ecosystem degradation in many tropical regions. Re-establishment of native tree species on degraded land presents challenges due to environmental stressors such as water and nutrient limitations, particularly from weed competition. Ecophysiological studies can help assess responses of native tree species to silvicultural practices and improve our understanding of processes that influence their establishment and growth. Silvicultural treatments borrowed from commercial tree plantations such as greater nutrient applications and complete weed control can improve best silvicultural practices in forest restoration. Two contrasting silvicultural treatments, “traditional” based on common management practices for reforestation of native trees and “intensive” based on commercial plantation Silviculture, were evaluated based on tree mortality, biomass, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, soluble proteins, and nutritional status of 20 native Brazilian species, 2.5 years after planting. Intensive Silviculture increased tree survival by 20%, showed higher aboveground biomass from 13% to 7-fold and increased photosynthesis of ∼20% from 15.8 μmol m−2 s−1 to 18.7 μmol m−2 s−1, compared to traditional Silviculture. Total soluble proteins were 14% higher with 6.7 μg cm−2 in intensive Silviculture compared to 5.9 μg cm−2 under traditional Silviculture. Eighty percent of trees showed greater N content, with a 13% higher average than under traditional Silviculture (2.60 g m−2 versus 2.92 g m−2). Average values of chlorophyll A, B, and total were ∼8% higher under intensive Silviculture, but not significantly different between treatments. Overall, intensive Silviculture provided a positive impact on the restoration plantation. During the initial years of plantation establishment, intensive Silviculture methods were effective in leading to significant increases in growth and survival.
Rafael Vivian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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atlantic forest tree species responses to silvicultural practices in a degraded pasture restoration plantation from leaf physiology to survival and initial growth
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Otavio Camargo Campoe, Claudia Iannelli, Jose Luiz Stape, Rachel L Cook, Joao Carlos Teixeira Mendes, Rafael VivianAbstract:Abstract Deforestation has led to ecosystem degradation in many tropical regions. Re-establishment of native tree species on degraded land presents challenges due to environmental stressors such as water and nutrient limitations, particularly from weed competition. Ecophysiological studies can help assess responses of native tree species to silvicultural practices and improve our understanding of processes that influence their establishment and growth. Silvicultural treatments borrowed from commercial tree plantations such as greater nutrient applications and complete weed control can improve best silvicultural practices in forest restoration. Two contrasting silvicultural treatments, “traditional” based on common management practices for reforestation of native trees and “intensive” based on commercial plantation Silviculture, were evaluated based on tree mortality, biomass, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, soluble proteins, and nutritional status of 20 native Brazilian species, 2.5 years after planting. Intensive Silviculture increased tree survival by 20%, showed higher aboveground biomass from 13% to 7-fold and increased photosynthesis of ∼20% from 15.8 μmol m−2 s−1 to 18.7 μmol m−2 s−1, compared to traditional Silviculture. Total soluble proteins were 14% higher with 6.7 μg cm−2 in intensive Silviculture compared to 5.9 μg cm−2 under traditional Silviculture. Eighty percent of trees showed greater N content, with a 13% higher average than under traditional Silviculture (2.60 g m−2 versus 2.92 g m−2). Average values of chlorophyll A, B, and total were ∼8% higher under intensive Silviculture, but not significantly different between treatments. Overall, intensive Silviculture provided a positive impact on the restoration plantation. During the initial years of plantation establishment, intensive Silviculture methods were effective in leading to significant increases in growth and survival.
Joao Carlos Teixeira Mendes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intensive Silviculture enhances biomass accumulation and tree diversity recovery in tropical forest restoration
Ecological Applications, 2019Co-Authors: Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Otavio Camargo Campoe, Jose Luiz Stape, Joao Carlos Teixeira Mendes, Camilla Noel, Gabriela G. Moreira, Juliano Melis, Joannès GuillemotAbstract:Maximizing initial aboveground woody biomass (AGB) accumulation in order to obtain early payments for carbon stocking is essential for the financial viability of reforestation programs fostered by climate mitigation efforts. Intensive Silviculture, i.e., Silviculture traditionally used in commercial forestry to maximize productivity and gains, has recently been advocated as a promising approach to enhance AGB accumulation in restoration plantations. However, this approach may hamper natural forest regeneration and ecological succession due to high competition between colonizing plants and planted trees. We investigated the impacts of different silvicultural treatments applied to restoration plantations with 20 native tree species on AGB accumulation and spontaneous regeneration of native woody species in an experiment set up in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Intensive Silviculture demonstrated a remarkable potential to enhance AGB accumulation in restoration plantations by increasing up to three times the AGB of tree stands (from similar to 25 to 75 Mg/ha in the 12th year). Intensive fertilization/weed control enhanced AGB accumulation, while higher tree density and the proportion of pioneers did not have a significant effect on AGB over the time. In spite of higher costs (cost increase of 13-19%), the cost-effectiveness for AGB accumulation of intensive Silviculture was comparable to that of traditional Silviculture applied to restoration (US$50-100/Mg AGB for 3 x 2 m spacing). Contrary to our expectations, we did not find a trade-off between AGB accumulation by planted trees and the spontaneous regeneration of tree species, since intensive Silviculture enhanced the regeneration of both planted (total of 12 species) and colonizing woody species (total of 30 species) in the plantation understory. Specifically, a strong association was found between AGB stocks and the abundance and richness of colonizing species, a vast majority of which (90% of species and 95% of individuals) were dispersed by animals. We report a case of positive correlation between AGB stocking and woody species regeneration in the restoration of the Atlantic Forest. Fostering the establishment and maintenance of restoration tree plantations can, in some cases, be a win-win strategy for climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.
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atlantic forest tree species responses to silvicultural practices in a degraded pasture restoration plantation from leaf physiology to survival and initial growth
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Otavio Camargo Campoe, Claudia Iannelli, Jose Luiz Stape, Rachel L Cook, Joao Carlos Teixeira Mendes, Rafael VivianAbstract:Abstract Deforestation has led to ecosystem degradation in many tropical regions. Re-establishment of native tree species on degraded land presents challenges due to environmental stressors such as water and nutrient limitations, particularly from weed competition. Ecophysiological studies can help assess responses of native tree species to silvicultural practices and improve our understanding of processes that influence their establishment and growth. Silvicultural treatments borrowed from commercial tree plantations such as greater nutrient applications and complete weed control can improve best silvicultural practices in forest restoration. Two contrasting silvicultural treatments, “traditional” based on common management practices for reforestation of native trees and “intensive” based on commercial plantation Silviculture, were evaluated based on tree mortality, biomass, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, soluble proteins, and nutritional status of 20 native Brazilian species, 2.5 years after planting. Intensive Silviculture increased tree survival by 20%, showed higher aboveground biomass from 13% to 7-fold and increased photosynthesis of ∼20% from 15.8 μmol m−2 s−1 to 18.7 μmol m−2 s−1, compared to traditional Silviculture. Total soluble proteins were 14% higher with 6.7 μg cm−2 in intensive Silviculture compared to 5.9 μg cm−2 under traditional Silviculture. Eighty percent of trees showed greater N content, with a 13% higher average than under traditional Silviculture (2.60 g m−2 versus 2.92 g m−2). Average values of chlorophyll A, B, and total were ∼8% higher under intensive Silviculture, but not significantly different between treatments. Overall, intensive Silviculture provided a positive impact on the restoration plantation. During the initial years of plantation establishment, intensive Silviculture methods were effective in leading to significant increases in growth and survival.
Jose Luiz Stape - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intensive Silviculture enhances biomass accumulation and tree diversity recovery in tropical forest restoration
Ecological Applications, 2019Co-Authors: Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Otavio Camargo Campoe, Jose Luiz Stape, Joao Carlos Teixeira Mendes, Camilla Noel, Gabriela G. Moreira, Juliano Melis, Joannès GuillemotAbstract:Maximizing initial aboveground woody biomass (AGB) accumulation in order to obtain early payments for carbon stocking is essential for the financial viability of reforestation programs fostered by climate mitigation efforts. Intensive Silviculture, i.e., Silviculture traditionally used in commercial forestry to maximize productivity and gains, has recently been advocated as a promising approach to enhance AGB accumulation in restoration plantations. However, this approach may hamper natural forest regeneration and ecological succession due to high competition between colonizing plants and planted trees. We investigated the impacts of different silvicultural treatments applied to restoration plantations with 20 native tree species on AGB accumulation and spontaneous regeneration of native woody species in an experiment set up in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Intensive Silviculture demonstrated a remarkable potential to enhance AGB accumulation in restoration plantations by increasing up to three times the AGB of tree stands (from similar to 25 to 75 Mg/ha in the 12th year). Intensive fertilization/weed control enhanced AGB accumulation, while higher tree density and the proportion of pioneers did not have a significant effect on AGB over the time. In spite of higher costs (cost increase of 13-19%), the cost-effectiveness for AGB accumulation of intensive Silviculture was comparable to that of traditional Silviculture applied to restoration (US$50-100/Mg AGB for 3 x 2 m spacing). Contrary to our expectations, we did not find a trade-off between AGB accumulation by planted trees and the spontaneous regeneration of tree species, since intensive Silviculture enhanced the regeneration of both planted (total of 12 species) and colonizing woody species (total of 30 species) in the plantation understory. Specifically, a strong association was found between AGB stocks and the abundance and richness of colonizing species, a vast majority of which (90% of species and 95% of individuals) were dispersed by animals. We report a case of positive correlation between AGB stocking and woody species regeneration in the restoration of the Atlantic Forest. Fostering the establishment and maintenance of restoration tree plantations can, in some cases, be a win-win strategy for climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes.
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atlantic forest tree species responses to silvicultural practices in a degraded pasture restoration plantation from leaf physiology to survival and initial growth
Forest Ecology and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Otavio Camargo Campoe, Claudia Iannelli, Jose Luiz Stape, Rachel L Cook, Joao Carlos Teixeira Mendes, Rafael VivianAbstract:Abstract Deforestation has led to ecosystem degradation in many tropical regions. Re-establishment of native tree species on degraded land presents challenges due to environmental stressors such as water and nutrient limitations, particularly from weed competition. Ecophysiological studies can help assess responses of native tree species to silvicultural practices and improve our understanding of processes that influence their establishment and growth. Silvicultural treatments borrowed from commercial tree plantations such as greater nutrient applications and complete weed control can improve best silvicultural practices in forest restoration. Two contrasting silvicultural treatments, “traditional” based on common management practices for reforestation of native trees and “intensive” based on commercial plantation Silviculture, were evaluated based on tree mortality, biomass, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, soluble proteins, and nutritional status of 20 native Brazilian species, 2.5 years after planting. Intensive Silviculture increased tree survival by 20%, showed higher aboveground biomass from 13% to 7-fold and increased photosynthesis of ∼20% from 15.8 μmol m−2 s−1 to 18.7 μmol m−2 s−1, compared to traditional Silviculture. Total soluble proteins were 14% higher with 6.7 μg cm−2 in intensive Silviculture compared to 5.9 μg cm−2 under traditional Silviculture. Eighty percent of trees showed greater N content, with a 13% higher average than under traditional Silviculture (2.60 g m−2 versus 2.92 g m−2). Average values of chlorophyll A, B, and total were ∼8% higher under intensive Silviculture, but not significantly different between treatments. Overall, intensive Silviculture provided a positive impact on the restoration plantation. During the initial years of plantation establishment, intensive Silviculture methods were effective in leading to significant increases in growth and survival.
Heloise Gibb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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forest management strategy affects saproxylic beetle assemblages a comparison of even and uneven aged Silviculture using direct and indirect sampling
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Klara Joelsson, Joakim Hjältén, Heloise GibbAbstract:Management of forest for wood production has altered ecosystem structures and processes and led to habitat loss and species extinctions, worldwide. Deadwood is a key resource supporting forest biodiversity, and commonly declines following forest management. However, different forest management methods affect dead wood differently. For example, uneven-aged Silviculture maintains an age-stratified forest with ongoing dead wood production, while even-aged Silviculture breaks forest continuity, leading to long periods without large trees. We asked how deadwood-dependent beetles respond to different silvicultural practices and if their responses depend on deadwood volume, and beetles preference for decay stages of deadwood. We compared beetle assemblages in five boreal forest types with different management strategies: clearcutting and thinning (both representing even-aged Silviculture), selective felling (representing uneven-aged Silviculture), reference and old growth forest (both uneven-aged controls without a recent history [~50 years] of management, but the latter with high conservation values). We collected beetles using window traps and by sieving the bark from experimental logs (bolts). Beetle assemblages on clear-cuts differed from all other stand types, regardless of trapping method or decay stage preference. Thinning differed from reference stands, indicating incomplete recovery after clear-cutting, while selective felling differed only from clear-cuts. In contrast to our predictions, early and late successional species responded similarly to different silvicultural practices. However, there were indications of marginal assemblage differences both between thinned stands and selective felling and between thinned and old growth stands (p = 0.10). The stand volume of early decay stage wood influenced assemblage composition of early, but not late successional species. Uneven-aged Silviculture maintained species assemblages similar to those of the reference and old growth stands and might therefore be a better management option when considering biodiversity conservation.
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Uneven-aged Silviculture can reduce negative effects of forest management on beetles
Forest Ecology and Management, 2017Co-Authors: Klara Joelsson, Joakim Hjältén, Timothy T. Work, Heloise Gibb, Jean-michel Roberge, Therese LöfrothAbstract:Abstract Decline in biodiversity have increased the interest in alternative forest management approaches. Uneven-aged Silviculture has been proposed as a mean to maintain continuity of forest canopy cover, mimic small-scale disturbances and provide a stratified forest structure similar to that of old-growth forests and therefore better maintain species associated with unmanaged forest. We used a large-scale chronosequence study spanning 50 years to study beetle diversity in uneven-aged Silviculture compared with both short-term impacts and the longer-term legacy of even-aged Silviculture. We compared: (1) even-aged recently clear-felled stand, (2) even-aged recently thinned stand, (3) uneven-aged stands subjected to selective felling with (4) uneven-aged reference stands to evaluate whether abundance, species richness and composition of beetles (Coleoptera) were affected differently by even-aged than by uneven-aged management. We collected 15,147 beetles from 461 species using flight interception traps in 30 stands. Beetle composition was maintained in uneven-aged managed stands; composition did not differ from unmanaged reference stands, the exception being cambium consumers. Both even-aged Silviculture treatments (clear-felling and thinning) had different beetle composition compared to the reference stands, indicating that assemblages had yet to recover even 50 years into the rotation. However, beetle composition did not differ between uneven-aged managed and thinned stands. The result supports our prediction that uneven-aged Silviculture better maintains beetles assemblages associated with semi-natural mature forest than even-aged Silviculture. The greater temporal continuity in selectively felled stands could benefit species dependent of mature or old growth forest since some of the needed habitat qualities are continuously available. Uneven-aged Silviculture could therefore serve as an important tool for landscape planning to benefit biodiversity and thus help fulfil environmental commitments. However, uneven-aged Silviculture may still alter the forest and should therefore be viewed as an alternative to even-aged Silviculture, rather than to set-asides.
