The Experts below are selected from a list of 328179 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
L M Rode - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation on microbial protein synthesis enzyme activity and attachment to feed in the rumen Simulation Technique rusitec
British Journal of Nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: Y Wang, T A Mcallister, L M Rode, K A Beauchemin, D P Morgavi, Victor Nsereko, A D Iwaasa, W Z YangAbstract:The effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation, the application method and feed type on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis were investigated using the rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). Steam-rolled barley grain and chopped alfalfa hay were sprayed with water (control, C), an enzyme preparation with a predominant xylanase activity (EF), or autoclaved enzyme (AEF) 24 h prior to feeding, or the enzyme was supplied in the buffer infused into the Rusitec (EI). Microbial N incorporation was measured using ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in the buffer. Spent feed bags were pummelled mechanically in buffer to segregate the feed particle-associated (FPA) and feed particle-bound (FPB) bacterial fractions. Enzymes applied to feed reduced neutral-detergent fibre content, and increased the concentration of reducing sugars in barley grain, but not alfalfa hay. Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria were more numerous with EF than with C. Disappearance of DM from barley grain was higher with EF than with C, but alfalfa was unaffected by EF. Treatment EF increased incorporation of 15 N into FPA and FPB fractions at 24 and 48 h. In contrast, AEF reduced the 24 h values, relative to C; AEF and C were similar at 48 h. Infused enzyme (EI) did not affect 15 N incorporation. Xylanase activity in effluent was increased by EF and EI, compared to C, but not by AEF. Xylanase activity in FPA was higher at 48 h than at 24 h with all treatments; it was higher with EF than C at 24 and 48 h, but was not altered by AEF or EI. Applying enzymes onto feeds before feeding was more effective than dosing directly into the artificial rumen for increasing ruminal fibrolytic activity.
-
effects of yucca schidigera extract on fermentation and degradation of steroidal saponins in the rumen Simulation Technique rusitec
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1998Co-Authors: Yuxi Wang, T A Mcallister, C J Newbold, L M Rode, P R Cheeke, K J ChengAbstract:Abstract A rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC) apparatus with eight 940 ml fermentation vessels was used to study the effects of the steroidal saponins in Yucca schidigera extract (YE) on ruminal microbial activity and saponin degradation. The YE contained approximately 4.4% (w/w) saponin, as smilagenin equivalents, and was included at 0 (control) or 0.5 mg ml −1 ( n =4) in the McDougall's buffer infused continuously into the vessels (dilution rate=0.75 day −1 ). Each vessel received 5 g chopped alfalfa hay and 5 g concentrate (as-fed basis) daily for 22 days. Ammonia concentrations were lower ( P P >0.05) by YE, but molar proportions of iso-butyric and iso-valeric acids were lower ( P −1 did not affect ( P >0.05) dry matter disappearance (DMD) from hay or from concentrate, nor did it affect total gas or methane production, or bacterial numbers (total or cellulolytic populations) in homogenates prepared from fermenter vessel liquid and feed particles. Protozoal numbers in the homogenates were substantially reduced ( P −1 ), protease activity was increased ( P 2 were unaffected ( P >0.05) and activity against Ala 5 was reduced by 25% ( P >0.05). When the homogenates from control and YE-supplemented (0.5 mg ml −1 ) vessels were used to inoculate roll tubes containing 0 or 5 mg ml −1 of YE, fewer colonies developed ( P −1 altered proteolytic activity and reduced protozoal numbers, but did not affect DMD or bacterial activity, and did not induce resistance to YE at a concentration of 5 mg ml −1 .
T A Mcallister - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation on microbial protein synthesis enzyme activity and attachment to feed in the rumen Simulation Technique rusitec
British Journal of Nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: Y Wang, T A Mcallister, L M Rode, K A Beauchemin, D P Morgavi, Victor Nsereko, A D Iwaasa, W Z YangAbstract:The effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation, the application method and feed type on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis were investigated using the rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). Steam-rolled barley grain and chopped alfalfa hay were sprayed with water (control, C), an enzyme preparation with a predominant xylanase activity (EF), or autoclaved enzyme (AEF) 24 h prior to feeding, or the enzyme was supplied in the buffer infused into the Rusitec (EI). Microbial N incorporation was measured using ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in the buffer. Spent feed bags were pummelled mechanically in buffer to segregate the feed particle-associated (FPA) and feed particle-bound (FPB) bacterial fractions. Enzymes applied to feed reduced neutral-detergent fibre content, and increased the concentration of reducing sugars in barley grain, but not alfalfa hay. Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria were more numerous with EF than with C. Disappearance of DM from barley grain was higher with EF than with C, but alfalfa was unaffected by EF. Treatment EF increased incorporation of 15 N into FPA and FPB fractions at 24 and 48 h. In contrast, AEF reduced the 24 h values, relative to C; AEF and C were similar at 48 h. Infused enzyme (EI) did not affect 15 N incorporation. Xylanase activity in effluent was increased by EF and EI, compared to C, but not by AEF. Xylanase activity in FPA was higher at 48 h than at 24 h with all treatments; it was higher with EF than C at 24 and 48 h, but was not altered by AEF or EI. Applying enzymes onto feeds before feeding was more effective than dosing directly into the artificial rumen for increasing ruminal fibrolytic activity.
-
effects of yucca schidigera extract on fermentation and degradation of steroidal saponins in the rumen Simulation Technique rusitec
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1998Co-Authors: Yuxi Wang, T A Mcallister, C J Newbold, L M Rode, P R Cheeke, K J ChengAbstract:Abstract A rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC) apparatus with eight 940 ml fermentation vessels was used to study the effects of the steroidal saponins in Yucca schidigera extract (YE) on ruminal microbial activity and saponin degradation. The YE contained approximately 4.4% (w/w) saponin, as smilagenin equivalents, and was included at 0 (control) or 0.5 mg ml −1 ( n =4) in the McDougall's buffer infused continuously into the vessels (dilution rate=0.75 day −1 ). Each vessel received 5 g chopped alfalfa hay and 5 g concentrate (as-fed basis) daily for 22 days. Ammonia concentrations were lower ( P P >0.05) by YE, but molar proportions of iso-butyric and iso-valeric acids were lower ( P −1 did not affect ( P >0.05) dry matter disappearance (DMD) from hay or from concentrate, nor did it affect total gas or methane production, or bacterial numbers (total or cellulolytic populations) in homogenates prepared from fermenter vessel liquid and feed particles. Protozoal numbers in the homogenates were substantially reduced ( P −1 ), protease activity was increased ( P 2 were unaffected ( P >0.05) and activity against Ala 5 was reduced by 25% ( P >0.05). When the homogenates from control and YE-supplemented (0.5 mg ml −1 ) vessels were used to inoculate roll tubes containing 0 or 5 mg ml −1 of YE, fewer colonies developed ( P −1 altered proteolytic activity and reduced protozoal numbers, but did not affect DMD or bacterial activity, and did not induce resistance to YE at a concentration of 5 mg ml −1 .
K J Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of yucca schidigera extract on fermentation and degradation of steroidal saponins in the rumen Simulation Technique rusitec
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1998Co-Authors: Yuxi Wang, T A Mcallister, C J Newbold, L M Rode, P R Cheeke, K J ChengAbstract:Abstract A rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC) apparatus with eight 940 ml fermentation vessels was used to study the effects of the steroidal saponins in Yucca schidigera extract (YE) on ruminal microbial activity and saponin degradation. The YE contained approximately 4.4% (w/w) saponin, as smilagenin equivalents, and was included at 0 (control) or 0.5 mg ml −1 ( n =4) in the McDougall's buffer infused continuously into the vessels (dilution rate=0.75 day −1 ). Each vessel received 5 g chopped alfalfa hay and 5 g concentrate (as-fed basis) daily for 22 days. Ammonia concentrations were lower ( P P >0.05) by YE, but molar proportions of iso-butyric and iso-valeric acids were lower ( P −1 did not affect ( P >0.05) dry matter disappearance (DMD) from hay or from concentrate, nor did it affect total gas or methane production, or bacterial numbers (total or cellulolytic populations) in homogenates prepared from fermenter vessel liquid and feed particles. Protozoal numbers in the homogenates were substantially reduced ( P −1 ), protease activity was increased ( P 2 were unaffected ( P >0.05) and activity against Ala 5 was reduced by 25% ( P >0.05). When the homogenates from control and YE-supplemented (0.5 mg ml −1 ) vessels were used to inoculate roll tubes containing 0 or 5 mg ml −1 of YE, fewer colonies developed ( P −1 altered proteolytic activity and reduced protozoal numbers, but did not affect DMD or bacterial activity, and did not induce resistance to YE at a concentration of 5 mg ml −1 .
R Billinton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
time sequential Simulation Technique for rural distribution system reliability cost worth evaluation including wind generation as alternative supply
IEE Proceedings - Generation Transmission and Distribution, 2001Co-Authors: Peng Wang, R BillintonAbstract:Wind turbine generators (WTGs) are being actively considered as embedded generation sources in rural distribution systems. A time-sequential Simulation Technique is presented for the reliability cost/worth evaluation of a distribution system including WTGs. A three-state model of a WTG is presented, considering variable wind speed and the forced outage rate. A test rural distribution system is utilised to illustrate the proposed Technique. The system reliability performance using WTGs as an alternative supply is investigated. The effects on the distribution system reliability of the WTG parameters are examined and illustrated.
-
a sequential Simulation Technique for adequacy evaluation of generating systems including wind energy
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1996Co-Authors: R Billinton, Hua Chen, R GhajarAbstract:A wind energy conversion system (WECS) has a different impact on the reliability performance of a generating system than does a conventional energy conversion system. This is due to the variation of wind speeds and the dependencies associated with the power output of each wind turbine generator (WTG) in a wind farm. In this paper, a sequential Monte Carlo Simulation Technique is proposed for adequacy evaluation of a generating system including WECS. The method is based on an hourly random Simulation to mimic the operation of a generating system, taking into account the auto-correlation and fluctuating characteristics of wind speeds, the random failure of generating units and other recognized dependencies. The hourly wind speeds are simulated utilizing autoregressive and moving average time series models that are established based on the F-criterion. A small reliability test system designated as the RBTS is used to illustrate the proposed method.
W Z Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation on microbial protein synthesis enzyme activity and attachment to feed in the rumen Simulation Technique rusitec
British Journal of Nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: Y Wang, T A Mcallister, L M Rode, K A Beauchemin, D P Morgavi, Victor Nsereko, A D Iwaasa, W Z YangAbstract:The effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation, the application method and feed type on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis were investigated using the rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). Steam-rolled barley grain and chopped alfalfa hay were sprayed with water (control, C), an enzyme preparation with a predominant xylanase activity (EF), or autoclaved enzyme (AEF) 24 h prior to feeding, or the enzyme was supplied in the buffer infused into the Rusitec (EI). Microbial N incorporation was measured using ( 15 NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in the buffer. Spent feed bags were pummelled mechanically in buffer to segregate the feed particle-associated (FPA) and feed particle-bound (FPB) bacterial fractions. Enzymes applied to feed reduced neutral-detergent fibre content, and increased the concentration of reducing sugars in barley grain, but not alfalfa hay. Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria were more numerous with EF than with C. Disappearance of DM from barley grain was higher with EF than with C, but alfalfa was unaffected by EF. Treatment EF increased incorporation of 15 N into FPA and FPB fractions at 24 and 48 h. In contrast, AEF reduced the 24 h values, relative to C; AEF and C were similar at 48 h. Infused enzyme (EI) did not affect 15 N incorporation. Xylanase activity in effluent was increased by EF and EI, compared to C, but not by AEF. Xylanase activity in FPA was higher at 48 h than at 24 h with all treatments; it was higher with EF than C at 24 and 48 h, but was not altered by AEF or EI. Applying enzymes onto feeds before feeding was more effective than dosing directly into the artificial rumen for increasing ruminal fibrolytic activity.
