The Experts below are selected from a list of 263325 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Didier Grandjean - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease A review and new hypotheses
Movement Disorders, 2018Co-Authors: Soizic Argaud, Paul Sauleau, Marc Vérin, Didier GrandjeanAbstract:Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by motor symptoms. Among them, hypomimia affects facial expressiveness and social communication and has a highly negative impact on patients' and relatives' quality of life. Patients also frequently experience nonmotor symptoms, including emotional-processing impairments, leading to difficulty in recognizing emotions from faces. Aside from its theoretical importance, understanding the disruption of facial emotion recognition in PD is crucial for improving quality of life for both patients and caregivers, as this impairment is associated with heightened interpersonal difficulties. However, studies assessing abilities in recognizing facial emotions in PD still report contradictory outcomes. The origins of this inconsistency are unclear, and several questions (regarding the role of dopamine replacement therapy or the possible consequences of hypomimia) remain unanswered. We therefore undertook a fresh review of relevant articles focusing on facial emotion recognition in PD to deepen current understanding of this nonmotor feature, exploring multiple significant potential confounding factors, both clinical and methodological, and discussing probable pathophysiological mechanisms. This led us to examine recent proposals about the role of basal ganglia-based circuits in emotion and to consider the involvement of facial mimicry in this deficit from the perspective of embodied Simulation Theory. We believe our findings will inform clinical practice and increase fundamental knowledge, particularly in relation to potential embodied emotion impairment in PD. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Erin E Hecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mirroring and mu rhythm involvement in social cognition are there dissociable subcomponents of Theory of mind
Biological Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Jaime A. Pineda, Erin E HechtAbstract:Abstract Tager-Flusberg and Sullivan [Tager-Flusberg, H., Sullivan, K., 2000. A componential view of Theory of mind: evidence from Williams syndrome. Cognition 76, 59–90] have argued for a distinction between the social-perceptive component of Theory of mind (ToM), involving judgment of mental state from facial and body expressions, and the social-cognitive component, which is representation-based and linked to language and Theory-building. This is analogous to the distinction made by others [Gallese, V., Keysers, C., Rizzolatti, G., 2004. A unifying view of the basis of social cognition. Trends in Cognitive Science 8, 396–403] between representing the mental state of another as if it was one's own (Simulation Theory), which requires involvement of the mirror neuron system, and explicit or declarative reasoning about mental states (Theory Theory), which does not. This componential view of ToM was tested by examining mirroring, as indexed by EEG mu rhythm suppression, in subjects performing tasks assumed to tap both dimensions. Mu suppression was positively correlated with accuracy on the social-perceptual task but not in the social-cognitive task. In a ToM control task requiring judgments about person–object interactions accuracy was correlated with mu suppression. This implies that mirroring is involved in making judgments about emotions and person–object interactions. However, mirroring is insensitive to the distinction between correct and incorrect inferences in the social-cognitive task suggesting that additional mechanisms are needed to make mental attributions of beliefs and intentions. These results are consistent with a refined componential view of ToM.
Matthew D Lieberman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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empathy a social cognitive neuroscience approach
Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2009Co-Authors: Lian T Rameson, Matthew D LiebermanAbstract:There has been recent widespread interest in the neural underpinnings of the experience of empathy. In this review, we take a social cognitive neuroscience approach to understanding the existing literature on the neuroscience of empathy. A growing body of work suggests that we come to understand and share in the experiences of others by commonly recruiting the same neural structures both during our own experience and while observing others undergoing the same experience. This literature supports a Simulation Theory of empathy, which proposes that we understand the thoughts and feelings of others by using our own mind as a model. In contrast, Theory of mind research suggests that medial prefrontal regions are critical for understanding the minds of others. In this review, we offer ideas about how to integrate these two perspectives, point out unresolved issues in the literature, and suggest avenues for future research.
Vittorio Gallese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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embodied Simulation Theory imagination and narrative
Neuropsychoanalysis, 2011Co-Authors: Vittorio GalleseAbstract:The timely and thought-provoking essay by Siri Hustvedt provides a fascinating account of the relationship between imagination and memory and discusses this relationship against the background of different disciplines like psychoanalysis, cognitive neuroscience, and phenomenology. Hustvedt sheds new light from the inside on the process of artistic creativity by emphasizing that the bodily affective self is at the roots of the narrative self. In the present commentary, I present and briefly discuss recent scientific results corroborating Hustvedt’s thesis and propose how embodied Simulation Theory can account for many aspects of the relationship between artistic production and its aesthetic experience.
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mirror neurons and the Simulation Theory of mind reading
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1998Co-Authors: Vittorio Gallese, Alvi I GoldmaAbstract:A new class of visuomotor neuron has been recently discovered in the monkey’s premotor cortex: mirror neurons. These neurons respond both when a particular action is performed by the recorded monkey and when the same action, performed by another individual, is observed. Mirror neurons appear to form a cortical system matching observation and execution of goal-related motor actions. Experimental evidence suggests that a similar matching system also exists in humans. What might be the functional role of this matching system? One possible function is to enable an organism to detect certain mental states of observed conspecifics. This function might be part of, or a precursor to, a more general mind-reading ability. Two different accounts of mindreading have been suggested. According to ‘Theory Theory’, mental states are represented as inferred posits of a naive Theory. According to ‘Simulation Theory’, other people’s mental states are represented by adopting their perspective: by tracking or matching their states with resonant states of one’s own. The activity of mirror neurons, and the fact that observers undergo motor facilitation in the same muscular groups as those utilized by target agents, are findings that accord well with Simulation Theory but would not be predicted by Theory Theory.
Alvi I Goldma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mirror neurons and the Simulation Theory of mind reading
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1998Co-Authors: Vittorio Gallese, Alvi I GoldmaAbstract:A new class of visuomotor neuron has been recently discovered in the monkey’s premotor cortex: mirror neurons. These neurons respond both when a particular action is performed by the recorded monkey and when the same action, performed by another individual, is observed. Mirror neurons appear to form a cortical system matching observation and execution of goal-related motor actions. Experimental evidence suggests that a similar matching system also exists in humans. What might be the functional role of this matching system? One possible function is to enable an organism to detect certain mental states of observed conspecifics. This function might be part of, or a precursor to, a more general mind-reading ability. Two different accounts of mindreading have been suggested. According to ‘Theory Theory’, mental states are represented as inferred posits of a naive Theory. According to ‘Simulation Theory’, other people’s mental states are represented by adopting their perspective: by tracking or matching their states with resonant states of one’s own. The activity of mirror neurons, and the fact that observers undergo motor facilitation in the same muscular groups as those utilized by target agents, are findings that accord well with Simulation Theory but would not be predicted by Theory Theory.
